Sodium phenate: Shiri, Chemical Properties

Phenols - aromatic mahadi da ciwon daya ko fiye hydroxyl kungiyoyin nasaba da carbon atoms benzenovogo tsakiya. Bisa ga yawan OH kungiyoyin suke da daraja daya-, two kuma trihydric phenols.

Monohydric phenols - Kalam na benzene kuma ta homologues a cikin nucleus din wanda daya hydrogen zarra aka maye gurbinsu a hydroxyl kungiyar.

Isomerism da nomenclature. A cikin sauki wakilin phenols - carbolic acid (phenol) isomers ba, a cikin homologs zama positional isomers na hydroxyl kungiyar a benzonovom core (ortho, meta, para matsayi).

Don sunan phenols amfani uku nomenclature - tarihi, m kuma IUPAC. Domin tarihi nomenclature phenols ake kira trivially - phenol (carbolic acid), cresols, da dai sauransu

Halitta source for wadannan kayan ne kwal kwalta, kwaya mai, kwalta Beech, da dai sauransu Coal kwalta da aka samar a lokacin kwal bushe barasan. Sources domin samar da phenols ne Averages (ruwan a 170-230 ° C) da kuma nauyi (ruwan a 230-270 ° C) man fetur. A lokacin aiki na sodium hydroxide aka shirya sodium phenolate. Da dabara na wannan abu kunshi da saura na phenol da sodium.

Karkashin awon yanayi, sau da yawa aromatic sulphosalts (sodium da kuma potassium salts na sulfonic acid) ana amfani da su samu phenols. A lokacin sinadaran halayen, a sodium ko potassium phenolate. Bayan haka, wadannan mahadi suna bi da ma'adinai acid don ya ba da free phenols.

Chemical Properties ne saboda kasancewar na phenol OH kungiyar a benzelnom tsakiya. Wadannan abubuwa za su iya shiga halayen waxanda suke da halayyar alcohols (samuwar esters, phenolates, halogenated) da kuma arenes (sauyawa na hydrogen atoms a kan wani core benzenovom halogens, nitro kungiyar, sulfo kungiyar). Saboda haka, wadannan jamiái amsa readily tare da karafa ta samar da wata sodium phenolate. Yana da yake a cikin wadannan yanayi da aka bayyana musamman lantarki tsarin kwayoyin na alcohols da phenols.

sodium phenoxide (ko phenoxide) an kafa ta maida martani phenols da alkalis. A acidic Properties na phenols mun gwada kadan furta. Wadannan abubuwa suna ba stained da litmus takarda. sodium phenolate sabanin alkoxides iya zama a cikin ruwa-ruwa alkaline mafita, yayin da shi ba decompose. Phenates suna readily bazu ta dauki tare da acid (har ma da mafi raunin, msl, kwal).

Amma duk da haka da acidic Properties na phenols ne mafi pronounced fiye da a aliphatic alcohols. Gabatarwa a cikin kwayoyin na phenol electron-janye substituents (nitro, halogen, a sulfo kungiyar, an aldehyde kungiyar da kuma kamar) qara hydrogen gidroksogrupp motsi, don haka acidic Properties suna inganta.

A gaban phenols m mesomeric sakamako sa su su nucleophilic Properties, waxanda suke da ƙasa da pronounced a kwatanta da alcohols. Wannan dukiyar da ake amfani wajen samar esters, amma ba su shiga a cikin halayen kansu phenols da phenolates da halogenated hydrocarbons.

Ester samuwar faruwa ta maida martani phenols da chlorides ko anhydrides na carboxylic acid. Kamar yadda a cikin samuwar esters, da dauki sauki don ci gaba da potassium ko sodium phenates.

Lokacin da mataki na halogens kafa phenols halogen Kalam. A bromination na phenols amfani da Pharmaceutical bincike: 2,46-tribromophenol ne talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma precipitates fita, wanda damar ce dauki domin sanin phenols a cikin bayani.

A nitration na phenol. A mataki zuwa phenol a 20% nitric acid , a cakuda o-da-p nitrophenols wanda rabu da barasan da tururi (o-nitrophenol aka distilled kashe, da kuma p-nitrophenol ya zauna a cikin bayani).