Shpeer Albert: biography, photos, aiki. Albert Speer bayan kurkuku

Architect Shpeer Albert ya marubucin yawa imbin raya birane ayyukan a Nazi Jamus. Ya kasance a nan da nan yanayi na Adolf Hitler da kuma jin dadin wani m amincewa daga cikin Führer.

Early aiki

Speer aka haife shi a kudu maso yammacin Jamus, a birnin Mannheim, Maris 19, 1905. Mahaifinsa wani m, kuma shi ne godiya ga masa cewa kafa dandani da kuma bukatun da yaron. Albert karatu a Karlsruhe, Munich da kuma Berlin. A 22, ya sauke karatu daga Lardi College kuma ya zama bokan m.

Speer ta aiki ya fara lokacin da ya zama wani malami. Kamar yadda m da kansa ya ce ya ya warai apolitical a cikin matasa, kuma matasa. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, Jamus da aka ta shiga wani rikicin da rikicin, saboda abin da ya zama mashahuri m Nazi Party. A 1930, Shpeer Albert shiga da darajõji bayan ya ji Hitler ta magana, abin da ya sosai hurarrun da kuma bar wani karfi ra'ayi.

Shiga Nazi jam'iyyar

The saurayi ya ba kawai wani memba na jam'iyyar. Ya samu kansa a cikin sahu na da hadari troopers (SA). Siyasa ayyuka ba ya hana shi girma da fasaha. Ya zauna a ƙasarsa ta Mannheim da kuma fara samun umarni ga yi gine-gine da tsare-tsaren. Shugabannin jam'iyyar da aka ma ba kare matasan The Nazis biya shi ga maimaitawa na gine-ginen ofisoshin na NSDAP.

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na ginin na ma'aikatar farfaganda

Ko sa'an nan, Shpeer Albert ya kai tsaye saba da shugabannin jam'iyyar. A shekara ta 1933, Hitler suka zo don su iko. Sa'an nan Goebbels, Speer ya fi alhakin a lokacin da aiki domin shi - gina m gini, wanda ya kamata ya fara aiki da ma'aikatar farfaganda. Yana wani sabon tsarin halitta da Nazis zo da wuta. Ma'aikatar harkokin da dama sassan - .. Gudanarwa, alhakin latsa, farfaganda, rediyo, adabi, da dai sauransu da yawa jama'a cibiyoyin hada yawa dubban ma'aikatan. Dole ne ya dace a cikin sabon gini sabõda haka ba kawai aiki samu nasarar, amma kuma a da sauri sadarwa tare da juna. Dukan wadannan ayyuka da aka kafa kafin tawagar karkashin jagorancin Shpeer Albert. Aiki m m wahayi zuwa amincewa da cewa ya za mu jimre wa da manufa. Kuma haka ya faru. A lokacin da aikin , Albert Speer kusantar da hankalin da Fuhrer. Hitler da nasa m - Paul Troost. Speer aka nada mataimakansa.

Mataimakin Bulus Troost

Paul Troost ya shahara saboda aikinsa a Munich, inda Hitler ya rayu har shekaru da yawa. Alal misali, wannan shi ne sanannen Brown House, inda har karshen yaki aka located Bavarian hedkwatar Nazi Party. A 1934 Troost mutu - jim kadan bayan Speer aka nada mataimakansa.

Bayan wannan asara, Hitler sanya kansa matasa sana'a m, to bã shi amãnar mafi muhimmanci ayyukan. Shpeer Albert dauki sama da sake fasalin kudin da babban birnin kasar na Reich Chancellery. A shekara kafin mutuwar Troost ya ke da alhakin kisa da jam'iyyar Congress of halayen da aka gudanar a Nuremberg. Domin da farko lokacin da dukan Jamus ga wata zanga-zanga da babbar alama ce ta Uku Reich - mai ja zane da alama ce da Black Eagle. Wannan majalisa da aka kama a wani farfaganda shirin gaskiya "Nasara IMANI". A mastermind na da yawa daga abin da yake a kan tef, ya Albert Speer. Architect daga wannan lokaci har ya bayyana a nan da nan kusanci na Adolf Hitler.

Duk da aiki jadawalin Shpeer Albert, wanda sirri rai ya ci gaba sosai, kada ka manta game da iyali. Ya aka yi aure to Margaret Weber, suka yi 6 yara.

Berlin sake fasalin kudin

A 1937, Shpeer Albert aka nada sufeto-janar na fadar babban birnin kasar, ne ke da alhakin yi. The m aka karantar da ya zayyana cikakken maimaitawa Berlin. A shirin da aka kammala a 1939.

Bisa ga layout, Berlin ya samu wani sabon sunan - duniya babban birnin na Jamus. Wannan magana tana nuna cikakken farfaganda da kuma akida da dalilin sake fasalin kudin da birnin. Sunan da ake amfani da Latin version na haruffan da kalmar "Jamus". A Jamus da ya nufi ba kasar (Deutschland), da kuma ta mata image. Shi ne mai na kasa Misalin, wanda ya rare a cikin XIX karni, bãbu lõkacin united Jamus. Mazauna da yawa mulkoki yi imani da cewa image guda domin dukan Jamus mutane, ko da kuwa ko da ƙasa na jihar ya rayu.

A cikin daftarin da sabon babban birnin kasar zuwa aiki kai tsaye tare da Adolf Hitler da ayarinsa Albert Speer. A birnin gine da zama monumental, cewa zai alamar tsakiyar duniya. A cikin jama'a jawabai, Hitler akai-akai gaba ka koma ga sabon babban birnin kasar. Bisa ga ra'ayin, birnin da ya zama kamar Babila ko Roma a lokacin zama na zamanin d daular. Hakika, London da Paris zai ze lardin gari a kwatanta da shi.

Mafi yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin na Führer sha wahala a kan takarda Shpeer Albert. Photo na zamani Berlin iya ƙunsar wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin aiwatar. Alal misali, shi ne sananne fitilu da cewa an shigar gaba da Charlottenburg Gate. A babban birnin kasar da aka yi Ribar da gatari biyu hanyoyi da zai ba da damar sauki damar yin amfani da zobe hanya kewaye birnin. A cikin zuciya na Reich Chancellery dã ya kasance, a kan maimaitawa wanda ma aiki Albert Speer. Ayyukan da m shafi cikin sake fasalin kudin na Berlin, an amince da Fuhrer.

Don Speer maza maza iya kawo wa rai wani m shirin, Hitler ba shi unprecedented iko. The m iya ba ko da la'akari da ra'ayoyi na Berlin birni gwamnati, ciki har da alkalin. Yana kuma yayi magana akan wani babban mataki na amincewa da cewa Hitler ya ga ayarinsa.

Aiwatar da aikin

A sake fasalin kudin na birnin da aka fara da rushe a manyan zama yankin, wanda shi ne gida don game da 150 dubu mazaunan. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin babban birnin kasar akwai mutane da yawa rashin gida. Domin shirya da rashin gida ga sabon Apartments a Berlin fara ramuwar gayya wa Yahudawa, wanda aka fitar da su daga iyali babban dakuna. Mun bãyar da masauki, to hijirar, wanda bariki aka rushe for maimaitawa.

A aikin da aka kaddamar a kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na biyu da kuma dade har 1943, lokacin da da yawa raunuka a kan daban-daban fronts kai ga tattalin arziki matsaloli. Ma'anar kalmar sake gini da aka daskarewa har fi sau, amma bai sabunta saboda da shan kashi na uku Reich.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sake fasalin kudin ya shafa ba kawai na zama yankunan. Hurumi sun hallaka a sassa daban daban na cikin birni. A lokacin da maimaitawa shi aka reburied game da dubu 15 gawawwaki.

zauren daga Mutãnen

Folk Hall ya kasance daya daga cikin muhimman ra'ayoyi da aka gabatar a cikin tsarin na aikin da maimaitawa na Berlin. Wannan ginin da ya bayyana a arewa da babban birnin kasar da kuma zama mafi muhimmanci alama ce da ikon da Jamusanci jihar. Kamar yadda shirya ta Speer, babban zauren iya sa game da 150 dubu baƙi a lokacin idi.

A May 1938, Hitler ziyarci Roma. A zamanin d babban birnin kasar da ya ziyarci yawa na antiquities, ciki har da pantheon. Shi ne wannan gini ya zama samfur na dakin taron jama'ar. Berlin shirin gina da pantheon daga high quality marmara da dutse. Hitler fatan cewa ginin zai tsaya ga akalla goma shekara dubu. Kazalika da sauran muhimmanci gine-gine na sabon babban birnin kasar, Nankana Hall ya za a gina ta 1950, a lokacin da Jamus karshe yi nasara Turai.

A kambi na Dome yi shi ne cewa aikin ne sau goma da girma na Dome na St. Bitrus Basilica a Vatican. Masana sun kiyasta cewa gina da Hall iya kudin da Jamusanci taskar biliyan Reichsmarks.

memba na Reichstag

Tun da farko na yaki da mafi yawan masu sana'a aiki Speer an alakantashi da babban birnin kasar, ya kuma fara shiga a cikin hukumomi rayuwa na gari. Daga 1941 zuwa 1945 da m ya memba na Berlin Reichstag. Ya kuma an zabe zuwa yamma mazabar birnin.

Reich ministan Armaments da ammonium

A shekarar 1942 a wani hadarin jirgin sama a kusa da Rastenburg mutu Reich makamai da harsasai Fritz Todt. A maye gurbin kocin kasar da aka abke nada Albert Speer. A biography wannan mutumin ne wani misali na biography wata tarbiyya jam'iyyar memba wanda aniya yin aikinsa, ko da abin da matsayi da ya gudanar.

Speer ma alhakin dubawa na makamashi da kuma hanyoyi a Jamus. Ya kai a kai ziyarci masana'antu Enterprises na kasar da kuma aikata duk abin da ya tabbatar da cewa su ne dai zai yiwu a cike iya aiki, samar da sojoji da duk abin da kuke bukata cikin sharuddan total yaki. A wannan wuri, mai yawa Speer hada kai tare da Genrihom Gimmlerom, wanda jagoranci taro sansani. Reich Ministan gudanar ya halicci wani tsarin tattalin arziki a cikin abin da jindadin jihar da aka bisa ga aikin gandu da fursunoni. A wannan lokaci, duk manya da lafiya Jamusawa suka yi yaƙi a gaban, don haka da masana'antu da samar da wasu albarkatu.

A karshe watanni na yaki

Spring 1944 ya wuya matuƙa ga Speer. Ya fadi da rashin lafiya kuma zai yi aiki ba. Jera saboda ɓõye, amma ga mafi part saboda wuri na tattalin arzikin a wannan lokacin, Jamus masana'antu ya kan gab da rugujewa. Summer m hadin kai, da manufar wanda shi ne kisan gillar da Hitler da aka gano. cin amanar rubutu da aka gano, a cikin abin da suka tattauna da ra'ayin yin Speer minista a sabuwar gwamnatin. Architect kawai ta hanyar mu'ujiza gudanar don shawo Nazi Elite a gaskiyar cewa ya ba da hannu a cikin makircin. Kuma taka rawar da Hitler ya so ga Reichsminister.

A karshe watanni na yaki Speer kokarin shawo kan Führer ba don amfani a babbake duniya da manufofin. Barin birnin, inda masõyan kusata, da Jamus ayan hallaka dukan masana'antu, to wahalad da rayuwar abokan gābansu, a cikin hanyar m. Reich lura cewa, wannan dabara ne ba kawai m ga ƙungiyõyin kãfirai, amma kuma ga Uku Reich, inda karshen yaki a can ba a barga aiki da sha'anin. Hanyoyi da kayayyakin more rayuwa sun lalace ta hanyar bawo wuta ya janyo. Carpet bom dabarun hari a Jamus sun zama na yau da kullum taron, musamman ma bayan da kawayenta sun hadu da Amirkawa.

Kama da tofin Allah tsine

Speer aka kama May 23, 1945. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wanda ya amsa laifi a cikin Nuremberg gwaji. The m kuma tsere wa hukuncin kisa, sabanin mutane da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki a cikin Nazi gwamnati. Babban cajin kan Reich aka zarge shi da yin amfani da kurkuku aiki taro sansanin. Speer amfani da shi yayin da a lura da Jamusanci masana'antu. Domin ya laifuffuka, ya aka yanke masa hukumcin a kurkuku lokaci na shekaru 20.

A fursuna aka aika zuwa Spandau. A gida kurkuku aka sarrafawa da hudu m kasashen. Ya bauta wa da cikakken lokaci, kuma aka saki a 1966.

bayan saki,

A shekarar 1969, Albert Speer (bayan kurkuku) bayar rubuta a kurkuku tarihin, "Memories". A littafin nan da nan ya zama bestseller a Amurka da Turai. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet Reich memoirs aka ba a buga. Wannan ya faru bayan rushewar kwaminisanci jihar.

A shekaru 90 a Rasha an buga shi ba kawai "Memories", amma kuma 'yan more littattafai Speer. A cikinsu, ya ba kawai ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a cikin mafi girma echelons na uku Reich, amma kuma kokarin bayyana ayyukansa a daban-daban gwamnati matsayi. Albert Speer bayan kurkuku rayu a cikin annashuwa yanayi na bourgeois Turai. A shekarar 1981, ya mutu a lokacin wata ziyara zuwa birnin London.