Shekaru ta sarautar Thutmose. Ci na Thutmose

A tarihin zamanin d Misira ne sane da hudu sarakuna mai suna Thutmose, su duk mallakar daya daga 18 dauloli da mulki daya bayan daya. Amma mafi muhimmanci alama a cikin tarihi na hagu, ba shakka, Thutmose III. Misira tashi zuwa unprecedented Heights a cikin shekaru na gwamnati. Thutmose da Hammurabi (Kaldiyawa sarki) ne sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da, da jawo wata a layi daya tsakanin su soja kamfen da kuma m kasashen waje da manufofin. Dukansu ƙwarai fadada da kan iyakoki na jiharsa, har abada inscribing sunayensu a cikin tarihi na Ancient Duniya.

Thutmose I

A zamanin mulkin Thutmose I - 1504-1492, da BC. Ka ce game da asalin wuya, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa, ya kasance da mijin 'yar'uwar Amenhotep I, kuma yana yiwuwa cewa dan Fir'auna Ahmose I (kafa na 18th daular). a zamanin mulkin Thutmose I - wannan shi ne farkon da ci, wanda ƙwarai fadada iyakoki na zamanin d Misira. A farkon sarautar Ahasurus a Nubia akwai wani boren. Sarki yana da kaina da hannu a cikin danniya, bisa ga tsoho tarihin, ya burge, da mashi na shugaban mutãne fãsiƙai. Nubia aka gaba daya fatattakakkun da kuma dukan kabilan bautar. Ya ci na Kudu mayar da su cikin uku Cataract na Nile, kuma a cikin arewa - har zuwa Kogin Yufiretis. Karifan hare-hare wadãtar da aljihun a kudi na sata dukiya da kuma haraji biya zuwa nasara da jama'arsu. Wannan ya taimaka da wani aiki yi na Ibada. Thutmose I ne na farko da Fir'auna waɗanda suka yi watsi da m tombstones kuma Muka fĩfĩta su ware kabarin daga jana'izar Haikali. A Shrine da aka gina a wani yanayi na matsananci halin asiri, shi ya sassaka a cikin dutse. A 1881, an gano da mummy Fir'auna.

Direct zuriyar Thutmose I mutu tun suna jarirai ( 'ya'ya biyu maza da' ya mace), akwai daya kawai doch Hatshepsut. Close iyali aure sun kowa, kuma ba ta a cikin aure zuwa ga rabin-wa (mahaifinsa) Thutmose II, dan na "babu babban 'matarsa. Ya kasance da gaba ga Fir'auna.

Thutmose II

Masar sarki ne ba sosai da kyau kiwon lafiya, don haka a zamanin mulkin Fir'auna Tuthmosis II takaice. Wasu Egyptologists yi imani da cewa shi yana kan kursiyin for kawai shekaru hudu. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai hasashe, sabili da haka da kwanan wata ta sarautar Thutmose II na, yawanci yana nuna wani m 1492 po1489 BC A shekara ta fari ta mulkinsa aka alama da m danniya na tawaye a Nubia, a lokacin da kabilar kashe dukan maza su iya samun. Thutmose II ya rike duk yankuna nasara da mahaifinsa. Na Hatshepsut, ya 'ya'ya mata biyu, amma dan kuwa ƙwarƙwarar, amma cewa ya shige kursiyin bayan mutuwar Fir'auna.

Sarauniya Hatshepsut

Mace Fir'auna, daya daga cikin shahararrun mulkin Misira. Ya high matsayi, bisa ga yawa masana tarihi, da shi zai iya kai a lokacin da dokoki na Thutmose I, cewa shi ne, da mahaifinta, sa'an nan, watakila, ya co-m mijinta. Wannan baya yarda da shi domin ya dauke kursiyin daga matasa Fir'auna. Bayan mijinta ya rasu, da ta sanya regent na 12-shekara Thutmose III, kazalika sa'an nan a shekarar da rabin ilimi da kuma salama hambarar da shi. Ta zama shahararren a farko wuri mai aiki yi, ya zama majiɓinci na al'adu da kuma kimiyya, saba wa wannan, kuma ta stepson Thutmose III. Misira a lõkacin da ta wadãta ta fuskar tattalin arziki, amma aka kusan rasa mallaka a Palestine kuma Syria. Ko da yake, a cewar wasu rahotanni, ta halarci kaina a dama soja kamfen, in general, kasashen waje da manufofin a cikin past biyu shekarun da suka gabata ya kasance m. Sarauniyar mulki kusan shekaru 22 da haihuwa. Bisa ga latest data samu bayan karatu ta mummy, ta mutu yana da shekaru 50 shekaru daga cutar (hanta ciwon daji, kashi marurai da ciwon sukari). Lokacin da rayuwar kanta ne gina funerary Haikali, shi ne ya sassaka a cikin dutse, da kuma burge tare da size da kuma ado a yau.

Thutmose III

M zamanin mulkin Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BC Amma a gaskiya, ya zo a kan karaga bayan rasuwar uwar rana, Hatshepsut. Abu na farko da ya yi - shi umurni da lalata duk nassoshi da shi, share sunan daga ganuwar, ya hallaka mutum-mutumi. Waɗanne dalilai domin wannan, yana da wuya a ce a yanzu, watakila sirri, masana tarihi ɗauka cewa wannan da aka yi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kotun nobility. Shekaru sarautar Fir'auna Tuthmosis III alama wani canji mana domin zaman lafiya rayayye m kasashen waje da manufofin. A cikin shekaru a lokacin da Thutmose III na dokoki, Misira ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma na zamanin d jihar.

Idan muka magana game da hotuna na mai mulki, da masana kimiyya yi imani cewa ya sculptures da kadan da ya yi tare da ainihin bayyanar. Bisa ga binciken da mummy masana sun ƙarasa da cewa ya ba sosai tsayi, amma adadi shi ne daidai, da karfi.

Soja kamfen Thutmoses III

Fir'auna daban-daban aiki soja da manufofin, amma mafi sananne kuma sanannen wadannan kamfen:

1. Da farko tafiya zuwa Syria. An yi imani da cewa dalilin shi ya yi tawaye na Asian kabilu. To, dalilin shi ne guda kamar yadda mutane da yawa ƙarni ago - jihar bukatar bayi, albarkatun, da kuma bude hanya ga kasashen waje cinikayya. Kari zuwa Syria da yawa ƙarfafa matsayin da gwamnatin Masar a cikin Near East.
2. A soja yakin shekara 29 zamanin Fir'auna. Yana ta biyar da aka soja yaƙin neman zaɓe a Asiya Ƙananan. A sakamakon Masarawa a kan Phoenician Coast ya aka kama da wani babban aikin gona da yankin Jahi, wanda ya zama wani karfi batu.
3. Shida da bakwai kamfen ga mulkin Tuthmosis III ya teku. Jirãge motsi ta hanyar da Rum da komai a fili a karo na farko a cikin Zemar (zamani Syria ta ƙasa). Manufar ya zuwa Kedesh sansanin soja - daya daga cikin mafi impregnable, ta kewaye dade kusan watanni shida, amma sakamakon bai ba. Masarawa washe unguwa da aka tilasta su bar cikin tekun. Dawo a karo na biyu, 'Rundunar sojojin Fir'auna shagaltar da Phoenician birni Ullaza.
4. Takwas kari amince Misira ta mamayar a duk Syria, Palestine, Finnick. Masana tarihi kira wannan lokaci, lamarin da ya soja nasarar da Thutmose III.
5. Bugu da ari, yin yawo (9, 10, 13, 14 minutes) da aka dauka a 34-39 shekaru na kwamitin Thutmoses III. Su daina sun fili m yanayi, amma a maimakon haka an da nufin kiyaye riga nasara yankuna, wanda a yanzu da kuma nan yunkuri.
6. Last tafiya zuwa Asia. Bisa ga manufar da shi ya fi na wani punitive balaguro zuwa kwantar kangararrun Syria, wannan gari na Kadesh da Tunip tsaya a kai na tawaye. Dukansu birãnensu aka dauka da Masarawa, wanda ya jawo a crushing duka na dogon lokaci karfafa matsayin ansa gwamnati a Syria da kuma Phenicia.

All nasara a zamanin mulkin Thutmose III yankunan da aka tuba zuwa Misira lardin da kuma gida manajoji zuwa ta gwamnoni. Da yawa mutane Zagayawar da haraji a matsayin alamar girmamawa da nuna goyon baya ga manufofin. Ci na Thutmose III na Misira juya a cikin wani iko sosai, karfi da iko. Babu wani daga cikin m Fir'auna kasa fadada iyakoki kara fiye da aka yi tare da shi.

Policy a cikin jihar a sau da Tuthmosis III

Muna ci gaba da rayayye gina, kamar yadda a cikin hali na Sarauniya Hatshepsut, ciki har da kasancewa gina Karnak haikali na Amun-Re tare da Obelisk. Bisa ga shaidar, wanda ya kasance a kan garun haikalin da kuma makabarta, sai Fir'auna ya quite m mutum, patronized da zane-zane. Bugu da kari ga fice ikon da shugaban, ya yi wani m shiryayye, kuma ko da abunda aka kwaikwaya tasoshin lãka, wanda ayyukan suna nan shige sana'a. A cikin umurnin Fir'auna a Misira shigo da sabon iri na shuke-shuke da kuma jinsin dabbobi. Lokacin da shi dindindin sana'a sojoji, gina jiragen ruwa (musamman itacen al'ul kawo daga Libya) da aka kafa. Thutmose III ya jagoranci Misira da shekaru 53. Tattalin arziki da al'adu ci gaban jihar da aka alama ta wurin shekaru na gwamnati. Hammurabi da kuma Thutmose rabu a lokacin 'yan shekara ɗari, amma abun lura kama tsakanin su, duka biyu shugabanni ba kawai manyan shugabanni, amma kuma jahilin yan siyasa. Tare da sunan Hammurabi Babila ake dangantawa tadawa, samar da wani jihar doka, kuma Thutmose III na Misira juya a cikin karfi daular, sunã tsirfatãwa kansa da gaskiya da take da "Napoleon na Ancient World", amma ba punisher, Fir'auna ya nuna bil'adama don ci da yaki mutane, ba aikatawa kiyashi kashe da kuma kisan kare dangi.

Art XVIII daular

Misira a wannan lokaci ya dauka a manyan kasa da kasa matsayi, ya kai unprecedented ikon, ta ƙara fluffiness yanayi, tufafi da kuma kayan ado nobility. A manyan rawa a cikin art na wannan lokaci wasa Thebes - babban birnin jihar a wancan lokaci. Haikalin ginin a lokacin wannan lokaci, monumental da kuma kauri, da kuma jana'izar gargajiyance rabu daga kaburbura, wanda aka sassaka su hana looting a m gorges. Fice aiki na zamanin d gine ne Haikalin Sarauniya Hatshepsut.

Ancient Masar music

Wurare da dama a Bas-reliefs depicting da mawaƙa da instrumentalists magana game da muhimmancin music a cikin rayuwar Masarawa. Yana busa a gida, rakiyar daban-daban aiki matakai, salla bikin, bukukuwan processions. A cikin kwanaki na XVIII daular riga ya wanzu fada ɗakin sujada. Babban kida: molaye, da sarewa, garayu, molaye, ganguna da kuma SISTROM (karfe ratchet). A wannan zamanin da XVIII daular fada music tare da bunkasa da soja, akwai na farko makada da feat. Irfan kida da bututu.

Thutmose IV

Fir'auna mulki game 1397-1388 BC, kuma shi ne quite wani gajeren lokaci. Bisa ga mummy bincike, ya rasu a wani matasa shekaru. A lokacin da ya lokaci a kan gadon sarautar da aka ba alama ta girma nasarori. Thutmose IV gudanar da dama soja yakin, amma daukakar magabata bai maimaita.

Ya kuma nuna sha'awa a cikin gine-gine da tsarin da magabata barrantar da Sphinx daga Sands, ya kammala shiri na obelisk na Thutmose III.