Shan kamfanoni a Rasha

Rasha ne a yau dauke daya daga cikin mafi sha kasa a duniya. Wasu ba su yarda da wannan sanarwa, yayin da wasu, ko da alfahari da shi, da wasu mãsu tsaka tsaki. Amma a lokacin da ya fara bayyana Shan kamfanoni a Rasha? Wanda ya zama kawo canji? Za mu yi kokarin duba a cikin al'amarin kara.

Buguwa - madawwamin Rasha mataimakin?

Mutane da yawa zaton cewa shan kafa riga ya wanzu a cikin tsohon kwana, ya fito fili, sai su yi magana, daga farkon samuwar na jihar, da kuma Rasha baƙauye ya riga an giya. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba. Rusichi cinye kawai low-barasa abubuwan sha na wani ƙarfi ba wucewa 1-6%: Braga ta Portugal, zuma, giya, daga. Tasiri da sauri vuya. A lokacin da al'adu dangantakar da Rum zuwa Rasha da aka shigo da ja Greek ruwan inabi, wanda aka yi amfani ne kawai ga addini holidays cikin "mafi kyau" mutane na sarauta. Amma wadannan drinks kasance ba sosai karfi - ba fiye da 12%, kuma an yi amfani da kawai diluted da ruwa, kazalika da ya aikata a kasar Girka da kuma Rum. Lokacin da ya bayyana da farko sha kamfanoni a Rasha? Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

Abinci - wani ya'yan sarakuna ba al'ada

Tsohon Rasha epics, tãtsũniyõyin da labarai ambaci ya'yan sarakuna ba idodi a cikinsa "allunan sun cika." Waɗannan su ne masu zaman kansu da idodi, wanda ya shirya domin hakiman ya boyars. Similar taron da aka kira "Bratchina", da kuma mata da aka ba a yarda da su. Amma akwai abubuwan da suka faru a da weaker jima'i ya ba, da kuma irin wannan idin, a wannan yanayin da ake kira "clubbing". Har yanzu, wannan kalma an samu a cikin magana da harshen, misali, "wasa da wani jaka", wanda ke nufin a raba da halin kaka daidai, saya wani abu tare, ko da yake ƙara kama maganganu suna bace. Kuma mu koma mu batu.

Mafi mashahuri drinks a irin wannan abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin d Rus su ne:

• Red ruwan inabi daga Rum (har da Mongol mamayewa).
• Giya.
• Kvass, wanda shi ne, a gaskiya, ya yi kama da giya dandana.
• Na aikin likita. Ma'anar kalmar fassara a cikin harshen zamani nufin "Mead." Wani lokaci muna yin tsaftacewa - "heady zuma", amma ba koyaushe.
• Braga ta Portugal. A gaskiya na yi da zuma ba, amma shi ya kara da cewa a cikin karami yawa, saboda sugar ba tukuna wanzu.

Drinks sanya kansa a kowane 'ya'yan sarakuna ba, ko boyar tsakar gida.

"Pituh ka kõri!", Ko farko sha kamfanoni a Rasha

A farko na aikin bude na "sanduna" ba a hade da sunan Peter Mai girma, kamar yadda da yawa na iya zaton nan da nan, amma tare da wani rigima hali a cikin tarihi - Ivanom Groznym.

Bayan kama Kazan sha kamfanoni suka fara bayyana a Moscow da kuma kira taverns. Bayan wani lokaci da suka fara da za a kira "sarki taverns", "kruzhechnyh gidaje." Shi ne kawai a cikin tsakiyar 18th karni da suka samu da definition "sha wurare".

Tare da bude daga irin wannan cibiyoyin drinks a gida tsaya samar. Kowa ya so ya ciyar da lokaci a cikin taro.

A sosai m cewa da farko na aikin ruwa raka'a aka kira up daga farko "sanduna": guga, ƙafa, MUG, da dai sauransu ..

The sosai guda kalmar "tavern" Tatar asalin nufi "masauki". Wancan ne, da farko shi ne na farko da hotel zuwa guardsmen da kuma sojoji, da aka ciyar da wani iri-iri na giya.

Amma da taverns fara jawo hankalin jama'a, da kuma Saide daga sayar da giya a cikin taskar wuce duk tsammanin.

"Pituh (daga kalmar" sha ") daga tsar ta tavern bai fitar da tafi, kruzhechny tarin dauki da baya riba", - yace gwamnatin doka. Wannan yana nufin cewa Moscow Jihar hukuma ba ne kawai bai yi yaƙi da shan barasa a kasar, amma a maimakon haka, wajen samar da wadannan cibiyoyin da kuma karfafa yin amfani da barasa a cikin jama'a. Names of pubs sun daban-daban: "Big tsar ta tavern", "Inextinguishable kyandir." Amma dukkan su sun hukuma da ake kira "tsar ta tavern", kuma tun 1651 - "kruzhechnyh makarai." Shi ne kawai a 1765-m ake kira "shan a gida."

A farko "bushe dokokin" a Rasha

A halin da ake ciki tare da shan barasa ya ci gaba da tsanani haka cewa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich aka tilasta kira da Zemsky Sobor, wanda ya yanke shawarar da rabo daga irin waɗannan "sanduna". Hukumomi cikin hikima iyakance adadin irin kamfanoni, da kuma sayar da takeaway yarda ba fiye da daya kofuna. Amma ba haka ba sauki don shawo kan al'ada na mutane. Vodka sayi buckets, tun yau da saba kwalabe da aka ba sauki. Wata irin wannan akwati "bada rai-da ruwa kadan" ko "zafi ruwan inabi" da yake riƙe game da 14 lita na sha.

Ban sha'awa al'amari: nauyi m vodka quality. Idan guga auna 30 fam (game 13.6 kg), da barasa aka dauke da kyau quality, ba diluted. Idan more - mai shi aka jiran mai tsanani disassembly. Af, yau ne kuma zai yiwu a koma ga irin hanyoyin da tabbaci. Daya lita tsantsa 40% vodka kamata ku auna nauyi daidai da 953 grams.

Pubs kusa - gidajen cin abinci bude

Tun 1881, An yi wani ingantaccen canji a cikin barasa siyasa na jihar. Pubs daga yanzu rufe. Amma maimakon akwai kananan jama'a gidan - mashaya ko tavern (asali ajalin da aka yi amfani da su bane girkawa). Akwai 'yan bambance-bambance:

1. Bugu da kari ga barasa, suka fara sayar da snacks, wanda ba a aikata.
2. Gabatar a jihar kenkenewa a kasar, sabili da haka, a irin wannan ma'aikata da aka zamar masa dole ya yi na musamman izinin sayar da saya barasa kawai a jihar-mallakar kamfanonin distilleries.

Mendeleev "ƙirƙira" da vodka?

A wannan lokacin, shi gudanar da wani musamman kwamiti a karkashin jagorancin sanannen sunadarai Mendeleev. Yana yanke shawarar yadda za a qarfafa a cikin yawan al'adun sha, "koyon nemi vodka a matsayin idi kashi, maimakon a matsayin wajen haddasa tsanani, abin mãye da mantuwa."

A fili, saboda haka, a kasar mu ne na kowa labari cewa shi ya Mendeleev "ƙirƙira" vodka. A gaskiya shi ne ba. Shi ne kawai karo na farko da wannan lokaci, a cikin aikin hukuma matakin, ya fara kira da karfi da giya. Kafin cewa shi aka kira daban: "Boiled ruwan inabi", "burodi ruwan inabi", "helmsman", "wuta thicker fiye da ruwa." Kalmar "vodka" translation dauke da wannan zo daga gajeren "ruwa", "thicker fiye da ruwa" da aka yi amfani ne kawai game da miyagun ƙwayoyi tinctures dangane da barasa. Saboda haka, shi yana dauke da cewa vodka "ƙirƙira" mu shahara sunadarai. Amma shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Mendeleev kawo zamani mafi kyau duka rabbai sha: 40-45% barasa, da sauran - ruwa.

Matsaloli ba a warware

Excise garambawul ya kai ga m sakamako: maye gurbin high quality kayayyakin zo cheap dankalin turawa vodka ne na matalauta quality, kamar yadda da dama amince masana'antu aiki ko dai don fitarwa, ko da sojojin magani.

Bayan juyin juya halin gaba daya dakatar da cinikayya na barasa, amma ta tallace-tallace sun maido da tun 1924. Bayan haka, wani ya yi wani yunkurin shiga cikin "bushe dokar" a cikin daidaituwa lokaci, amma wannan manufar ya halaka kawai ingantaccen barasa a kasar, kamar Jamhuriyar kamar yadda Georgia da Moldova kasance a kan gab da fatarar, a matsayin manyan yawan su fitar da kaya sun ruwan inabi da kayan da ruwan inabi.