Duban dan tayi ne me? Duban dan tayi a magani. Duban dan tayi

Duk da cewa binciken da aka samu na ultrasonic tãsuwa ya fara fiye da shekaru dari da suka wuce, kawai rabin karni na karshe sun kasance sun yi amfani da su a wurare daban-daban na aikin ɗan adam. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaba na cigaba da ɓangarori masu mahimmanci da ɓangarorin da ba a haɗa su ba, da kuma ƙayyadadden kayan lantarki da kuma tsarin kimiyya. A yau, duban dan tayi ba kawai zane ne na yankuna masu tasowa ba, amma duk wani nau'in kimiyyar kimiyyar zamani da ilmin halitta, wanda masana'antu, fasaha da bayanai suka haɗa, da magungunan ƙwarewa, miki da magungunan maganin zamani.

Menene wannan?

Dukkan raƙuman motsi za a iya raba su don sauraron mutum - su ne mitoci daga 16 zuwa 18,000 Hz, da kuma waɗanda suke daga kewayon fahimtar mutum - infra- da duban dan tayi. Karkashin gane infrasound tãguwar ruwa irin wannan sauti amma tare da mitoci kasa gane da mutum kunne. Ƙananan iyaka na yankin infrasound shine 16 Hz, kuma ƙananan ƙananan shine 0.001 Hz.

Duban dan tayi ne maguwar motsi, amma yawancin su ne mafi girma fiye da abin da sauraron sauraro zai iya sha. A matsayinka na mulkin, an gane su a matsayin ƙananan daga 20 zuwa 106 kHz. Yankin iyakarsu yana dogara ne da matsakaici wanda wadannan raƙuman ruwa suke raguwa. Saboda haka, a cikin yanayi na gas, iyakar ƙananan 106 kHz, kuma a cikin daskararru kuma tana jure shi har 1010 kHz. A cikin motsi na ruwan sama, iska ko ruwan sama, walƙiyoyin walƙiya da rudling wani dutse mai tsalle a cikin teku, akwai kayan aikin ultrasonic. Yana da godiya ga iyawar ganewa da kuma nazarin raƙuman ruwa na ƙananan whales da dolphins, ƙudaje da kwari na dare sunyi kansu a fili.

A bit of history

An fara nazarin littattafai na farko (US) a farkon karni na 19 daga masanin kimiyyar Faransanci F. Savart, wanda yayi ƙoƙari don ƙayyade iyakacin iyaka na saukakawa na jin dadin jama'a. A nan gaba, da nazarin ultrasonic taguwar ruwa da aka tsunduma a irin sanannun malaman matsayin Jamus W. Wien, da Banasare F. Galton, Rasha Lebedev tare da wani rukuni na dalibai.

A 1916, masanin kimiyya daga Faransa P. Langevin, tare da haɗin gwiwar masanin kimiyya na Rasha Konstantin Shilovsky, ya iya amfani da ma'adini don karɓa da kuma fitar da duban dan tayi ga ma'aunin ruwa da kuma gano abubuwa masu ruwa, wanda ya sa masu bincike su kirkiro sonar farko, wanda ya kunshi radiator da mai karɓa. A shekara ta 1925 American V. Pierce ya kirkiro na'urar, wanda ake kira Pierce interferometer, yayi la'akari da daidaitattun hanzari da kuma ɗaukar duban dan tayi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ruwa da gas. A 1928, masanin kimiyya na Soviet S. Sokolov ya kasance na farko da yayi amfani da magungunan ruwa don gano cututtuka daban-daban a cikin m, ciki har da ƙarfe, jikin.

A cikin shekaru 50-60s, bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru game da haɗin masana kimiyya na Soviet jagorancin L. D. Rosenberg, mai amfani da duban dan tayi a wasu masana'antu da masana'antu sun fara. Bugu da} ari, godiya ga aikin masana kimiyya na Burtaniya da na Amurka, da kuma nazarin masu bincike na Soviet kamar RV Khokhlov, VA Krasilnikov da sauran mutane, irin wannan kimiyyar kimiyya kamar yadda kayan aiki ba tare da haɓaka ba suna ci gaba da sauri.

Kusan a lokaci guda, ƙoƙari na farko na Amurkawa don yin amfani da duban dan tayi a maganin magani.

Sokolov masanin kimiyya na Soviet a karshen marigayi na karni na karshe ya kirkiro bayanin da aka kwatanta da na'urar da aka tsara domin ganin abubuwa masu mahimmanci - microscope "ultrasonic". Bisa ga waɗannan ayyukan, a cikin shekarun 1970 na kwararru daga jami'ar Stanford sun kirkiro wani samfurin nazarin microscope mai dubawa.

Ayyukan

Samun yanayi na yau da kullum, raƙuman ruwa na launi mai mahimmanci, da magungunan ultrasonic, sun yi biyayya da ka'idojin jiki. Amma duban dan tayi yana da fasali da dama wanda ya ba da damar amfani dashi a wasu fannoni na kimiyya, magani da fasaha:

1. Ƙananan dogon. Don mafi girman ultrasonic range, ba ya wuce 'yan santimita, haifar da yaduwa yaduwar alamar. A wannan yanayin, ana mayar da hankalin akan kuma a yada shi ta hanyar zanen linzamin.

2. Wani lokaci wanda ba shi da mahimmanci na oscillation, saboda abin da duban dan tayi zai iya yaduwa.

3. A daban-daban kafofin watsa labaru, ultrasonic vibrations tare da ƙuri'a ba wucewa 10 mm suna da kaddarorin masu kama da hasken hasken wuta, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a mayar da hankalin oscillations, don samar da hasken radiation, wato, ba don aika makamashi a hanya madaidaiciya ba, amma har ma a mayar da shi a cikin buƙatar da ake bukata.

4. Tare da karamin ƙararrawa, yana yiwuwa a sami dabi'u masu girma na makamashi na vibration, wanda ya bada izinin ƙirƙirar filayen ultrasonic makamashi da ƙura ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki mai girma ba.

5. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar duban dan tayi a kan yanayin akwai wasu ƙwarewar jiki, nazarin halittu, sinadarai da kuma ilimin likita, kamar:

• Watsawa;
• Cavitation;
• Degassing;
• Ƙasar gida;
• Disinfection da pl. Sauran

Iri

Dukkananan na'urorin ultrasonic sun kasu kashi uku:

• ULF - low, tare da iyaka daga 20 zuwa 100 kHz;
• UHF - matsakaici-mita - daga 0.1 zuwa 10 MHz;
• UZVCH - high-mita - daga 10 zuwa 1000 MHz.

Yau, aikin amfani da duban dan tayi shine da farko amfani da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa don aunawa, sarrafawa da bincike akan tsarin ciki na kayan kayan da aka samo. Ana amfani da ƙananan mita don rinjayar rayukan abubuwa daban-daban, wanda ya ba da damar canja kayan da tsarin su. Sanin asali da kuma maganin cututtuka da yawa ta hanyar duban dan tayi (ta amfani da ƙananan ƙwararru) yana da jagorancin maganganun maganin zamani.

Ina ake amfani?

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba masana kimiyya kawai suke da sha'awar duban dan tayi ba, amma har ma masu aiki da suke ƙara gabatar da ita a wasu nau'o'in ayyukan mutum. A yau ultrasonic na'urorin suna amfani dasu:

Samun bayani game da abubuwa da kayan	Ayyuka		Yanayin kHz
			Daga	Kafin
	Bincike akan abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin abubuwa	Dandalin	10	10 6
		Fluids	Maris 10	May 10
		Gasses	10	Maris 10
	Sarrafa girma da matakan		10	Maris 10
	Sonar		1	100
	Defectoscopy		100	10 5
	Magungunan likita		Maris 10	Mayu 10
Hanyoyi A kan abubuwa	Ƙarfafawa da ƙyamar		10	100
	Welding		10	100
	Raunin ƙwallon ƙafa		10	100
	Yin aiki		10	100
	Emulsification		10	Afrilu 10th
	Crystallization		10	100
	Spraying		10-100	10 3 -10 4
	Coagulation na aerosols		1	100
	Bayarwa		10	100
	Ana wanke		10	100
	Chemical Processes		10	100
	Dama akan konewa		1	100
	Tiyata		10 zuwa 100	Maris 10 zuwa Afrilu 10
	Far		Maris 10	10 4
Tsarin Nama da Gudanarwa	Acoustoelectronic transducers		Maris 10	Yuli 10th
	Filters		10	Mayu 10
	Lines na jinkirta		Maris 10	Yuli 10th
	Ayyukan acoustooptical		100	Mayu 10

A zamanin duniyar, duban dan tayi shine muhimmin kayan fasaha a cikin wadannan masana'antu kamar:

• Madafi;
• Chemical;
• Noma;
• Yadi;
• Abincin;
• Pharmacological;
• Machine da kayan aiki;
• Petrochemical, aiki da sauransu.

Bugu da kari, ana amfani da duban dan tayi a magani. Za mu tattauna game da wannan a cikin sashe na gaba.

Yi amfani da magani

A cikin wannan magani na zamani, akwai manyan sassa uku na yin amfani da duban dan tayi na daban-daban:

1. Bincike.

2. Lafiya.

3. M.

Bari muyi la'akari dalla-dalla a kowane bangare uku.

Diagnostics

Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin zamani da ƙwarewar likitoci na likita shine duban dan tayi. Abubuwan da ba su da tabbas sune: tasiri mai zurfi akan ƙwayar jikin mutum da kuma babban bayani.

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, duban dan tayi ne sautin raƙuman ruwa yana yadawa a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici da kuma a ma'auni akai. Idan a kan hanyarsu akwai yankunan da daban-daban Ft Irfan yawa, da oscillation na nuna da kuma sauran part aka refracted, yayin da ci gaba da mikakke motsi. Saboda haka, mafi girma bambanci a cikin yawa daga cikin iyakar kafofin watsa labarai, da ƙarin ultrasonic vibrations aka nuna. Hanyar zamani na duban dan tayi za a iya raba wuri da translucent.

Duban dan tayi wuri

A yayin da ake gudanar da wannan bincike, an rubuta tasirin da aka nuna daga iyakar kafofin watsa labaru tare da magunguna masu yawa. Tare da taimakon mai kwakwalwa mai mahimmanci, zaka iya saita girman, wuri da siffar abu a ƙarƙashin nazarin.

Gyarawa

Wannan hanya ta dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin jikin mutum daban daban suna shafan duban dan tayi. A lokacin bincike na kwayar ta ciki, an kai raƙuman ruwa tare da wani ƙarfin gaske, bayan haka na'urar firikita ta musamman ta rajista da siginar da aka aika daga gefen baya. Ana hoton hoton abin da aka bincikar a kan sabuntawar sigina a cikin "shigarwa" da "fitarwa". Ana sarrafa sakon da aka karɓa sannan kuma ya canza ta hanyar kwamfuta ta hanyar echogram (juyi) ko sonogram - hoto na biyu.

Doppler hanya

Wannan ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci ta hanyar ganowa, wadda ake amfani da su da kuma ci gaba da duban dan tayi. Dopplerography ana amfani dashi a cikin obstetrics, ilimin zuciya da ilimin halitta, tun da yake yana baka damar yin amfani da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin capillaries da ƙananan jini.

Sashen aikace-aikace don ganewar asali

A yau ana amfani da hanyoyi na zamani na hanyoyi da kuma ma'auni a cikin irin wadannan maganganu kamar:

• Obstetrics;
• Ophthalmology;
• Kwara;
• Harshen jarirai da jariri;
• Binciken gwaji na ciki:

- ƙananan dan tayi;

- hanta;

- gallbladder da ducts;

- tsarin haifa na mace;

• Bincike na kayan waje da kusa-surface (thyroid da mammary gland).

Amfani a farfado

Babban warkewa sakamako na duban dan tayi saboda da ikon shiga cikin mutum nama don zafi da dimi su don gudanar da micro-tausa na mutum sassan. Duban za a iya amfani da duka biyu kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba da tasiri a kan mayar da hankali da zafi. Bugu da kari, a karkashin wani yanayi, wadannan taguwar ruwa da antibacterial, anti-kumburi, analgesic da spasmolytic sakamako. Kamar yadda amfani a warkewa duban dan tayi vibrations conventionally kasu kashi high da kuma low tsanani. Yana tãguwar ruwa na low tsanani mafi yadu amfani da su ta physiological martani ko qananan ba tareda žata dumama. Duban magani ya bada sakamako mai kyau a cikin cututtuka irin su:

• amosanin gabbai.
• amosanin gabbai.
• myalgia.
• spondylitis.
• neuralgia.
• varicose da trophic ulcers.
• Ankylosing spondylitis.
• obliterating endarteritis.

Binciken da aka da ake gudanar, a lokacin da duban dan tayi da ake amfani da magani daga Meniere ta cuta, emphysema, duodenal ulcers da kuma ciki, asma, otosclerosis.

ultrasonosurgery

Modern tiyata ta amfani da duban dan tayi tãguwar ruwa, ne zuwa kashi biyu yankunan:

- selectively lalata rabo daga cikin nama musamman sarrafawa high tsanani duban dan tayi taguwar ruwa tare da mitoci daga 10 ⁶ zuwa 10 ⁷ Hz.

- Yi amfani da m kayan aiki superimposed ultrasonic vibrations daga 20 zuwa 75 kHz.

Wani misali na zabe duban dan tayi tiyata iya zama a matsayin ultrasonic crushing na koda duwatsu. A lokacin wannan ba-cin zali tiyata ultrasonic kalaman abubuwa a kan dutse ta hanyar fata, cewa shi ne, a waje na jikin mutum. Abin takaici, wannan m dabara yana da dama gazawa. Ba za ka iya amfani da fragmentation tare da duban dan tayi a cikin wadannan lokuta:

- mata masu ciki a kowane mataki.

- idan diamita na duwatsu fiye da biyu santimita.

- ga wani cututtuka.

- gaban cututtuka da rushe al'ada jini clotting.

- a cikin hali mai tsanani raunin da ya faru na kashi nama.

Duk da cewa kau da koda duwatsu tare da duban dan tayi aka yi ba tare da incision, shi ne quite m da aka yi a karkashin general ko maganin sa barci.

Ultrasonic m kida ana amfani ba kawai ga kasa mai raɗaɗi dissection daga kashi da kuma taushi nama, amma kuma rage jini hasãra. Bari mu duba zuwa ga Dentistry. Duban tartar kawar da kasa mai raɗaɗi, kuma duk sauran likita jan ake, ɗaukar sauƙin. Bugu da kari, rauni da kuma orthopedic yi, duban dan tayi da ake amfani da su mayar da mutuncin karye ƙasũsuwa. A lokacin, irin yadda ake gudanar da sarari tsakanin kashi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa mai cike da musamman abun da ke ciki ya kunshi kashi kwakwalwan kwamfuta da musamman ruwa roba, sa'an nan sonicated, inda duk aka gyara an daidaita alaka. Lalle ne waɗanda suka yi mashi tiyata, a lokacin da duban dan tayi ne amfani, bar reviews ne daban-daban - biyu tabbatacce kuma korau. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa gamsu da marasa lafiya ne har yanzu more!