Serapion Brothers: tarihi da kuma hotuna

Bayan da Oktoba da kuma Fabrairu juyin cewa sun tura wata babbar kasa a gaban shugabanci, da m flowering dukkan siffofin zamani a art fara a Rasha. Literary kungiyar "Serapion Brothers" ya short-rayu, duk da haka, bar ta alama a cikin tarihi na adabi, da kuma a cikin sirri rayuwar kowanne daga membobinta. A stigma na "Serapion" zauna tare da su har karshen kwanaki. A farkon 1920s shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun wallafe-wallafen da ƙungiyoyi, daga da darajõji suna da irin marubuta kamar Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. M a kan sararin sama, matasa Soviet litattafan da sauri ƙone, "Serapion Brothers" ya tukuna don haskaka sababbin hanyoyin da yawa wasu marubuta.

prehistory

A shekara ta 1919, a lokacin da wallafa gidan "World Wallafe-wallafe" An halicci Literary Translation Studio. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, wani taro na matasa da suka zo don koyi da wannan fasaha, ya fara zama mafi m. Magana ne game da wallafe-wallafe, da fasaha na marubuci, kuma jigon art shi ne babban abun ciki na taro. Ba da da ewa, suna canza kama zuwa wallafe-wallafen studio. A Mafarin ta kungiyar ya Nikolai Gumilyov, kuma management dauki kan Chukovski. Yanina Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky aka gudanar a tarurruka taro da laccoci. Shirilos yawan mabiya, da kuma ta 1920 ya 350 mutane. Writers, wanda ya a hankali a cikin studio, rabu da halitta kungiyar "Serapion Brothers". A membobin wannan kungiya ta nace cewa ba su da wani wallafe-wallafen makaranta, amma kawai al'umma na sukar, marubuta da kuma kasida, nasaba da kowa ra'ayoyi a kan abun ciki na art.

Poetics suna da wallafe-wallafen jam'iyya

Idan shi ne ba da wani littãfi na gajejjeran labaru, "Serapion Brothers" (Hoffmann), wanda na dogon lokaci kwance a m ta tebur, da sunan Commonwealth na matasa marubuta iya zama daban-daban. Duk da haka, shi ya juya ga zama a tune da babban manufa daga cikin kungiyar. A cikin littafin Hoffmann dauke da 22 labarin, ya gaya labarin wani rukuni na abokai saduwa bayan wani dogon rabuwa. Daya daga cikin su ya gaya masa gamuwa da hauka Count, wanda ya yi ĩmãni a cikin kawayeniya yanayi na gaskiya. Ƙin na gaskiya, damu free kerawa duniya cewa yin up da ainihin ra'ayin wannan aikin, shi ne mafi kyau halin da bukatun da matasa marubuta.

Su wane ne marubuta? "Serapion Brothers": jerin mahalarta

Kusan nan da nan bayan halittarsa, liyafar a cikin wallafe-wallafen kungiyar na sabon mambobi daina. A farko - da kuma na karshe jerin mahalarta da aka immortalized a hoton a 1921. Ta shãfe haske Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Aƙalla a cikin tsari da suka dauka da kungiyar. Wasu masu bincike suna daga cikin mahalarta da kuma Viktora Shklovskogo, ko da yake ya gani, aikinsa waje da iko na kowane ƙungiyoyi.

Da abun ciki na tarurruka Serapions

Literary kungiyar "Serapion Brothers" wurin taronsu a zabi wani dakin Slonimsky. Siffarta ma ya zama wata alama ce da kungiyar. Literary sukar yarda da cewa taron ya faru a ranar Asabar, ko da yake a gaskiya magoya bayan iya saduwa da wani ranar mako. A tarurruka, mun karanta ayyukan da mambobi ne na kungiyar, wanda ake sa'an nan tattauna a daki-daki, da ainihin. Writers gardama game da art, la'akari da sababbin hanyoyin ci gaban wallafe-wallafe. Za ka iya tsammani cewa ana tattaunawa mai tsanani da kuma wani tunanin.

fita Almanac

The kawai hadin gwiwa tarin Serapions saki a 1922. Ya aka saki a Rasha, kuma daga baya a Berlin, suna goyon bayan da labari I. Gruzdev "fuska da mask." Ko kafin a saki da anthology na ayyuka da mambobi na "Serapion Brothers" da aka kyau da aka sani a wallafe-wallafen da'irori. Daga cikin su Raya Makon daukarsa Gorky, wanda shi ne bayyananne daga rubutu da Shklovsky. Ya kasance keenly sha'awar a saki sabon kayayyakin, da kuma ba da su sosai high alamomi.

Yana da aka yafi kange Tynyanov. A cikin labarin "Serapion 'yan'uwa. Almanac Na »ya bayyana tarin a matsayin mataki na farko unsteadily, inda a can ne ba quite ƙãre labarai (kuma ba ko da yaushe aikata aiki mai kyau). Lauyan "kyakkyawan tsabta" M. Kuzmin gaba ɗaya disapprovingly amsa game da wannan anthology, rubuta labaru cewa Serapions 1920 an riga m, a 1922.

miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ 'yan'uwa

Da farko, taron "Serapion Brothers" karfi da kama da gamuwa da "Society na Arzamas unknown mutane", ha marubuta Pushkin ta da'irar. Daga can, da ra'ayin m sunayen laƙabi da aka dauka, wanda suka ga marubuta na rayuwa. Wasu daga cikin su ambaci Vladimir Posner a cikin wata wasika zuwa A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev aka lakabi da "Brother mazaunin," Nikitin - "wa canonarch" LA Luntz - "wa makaɗin garaya", B. Posner - "kane", Shklovsky - "wa-Kicker." Ba tare da miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ sun Zamyatin, Zoshchenko kuma N. Chukovsky. da tarurruka sau da yawa zo Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva da sauransu. Sun kuma halarci tattaunawa da muhawara, ko da yake ba a hada a cikin ƙungiyar. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma "Institute serapionovskih 'yan mata", wanda ya hada M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (daga baya matar Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (daga baya matar Slonim).

Lev Luntz da kuma "Serapion Brothers"

The matasa 20-shekara Lev Luntz ya zama unofficial shugaban na kungiyar. Smart, ko da yaushe m, mai wuce yarda talented - a farkon taron Serapions ya ya "warmed up" da abokan aiki. Luntz ya zauna kawai shekaru 23, amma gudanar ya bar ta mark a cikin zukatan marubuta. Labarin mutuwarsa Lunts rubuta Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Ya aka kira "yaro faun" splashing a gefen makamashi na wannan Guy cika dukan taro na wani rukuni da ake kira "Serapion Brothers". Literary Association zabe shi wani tãshin shugaban. The saurayi ko da ya so ya e wani tari, duk da haka, ba su da lokacin da za a yi wannan.

By karshen 20-ies na kerawa Lunz samu wani kafu daram stigma a matsayin warai anti-Soviet da kuma reactionary, kuma mafi daga gare ta ba a buga. Dalilin irin wannan hali za a iya gane idan karanta da labari Lunz "Me" Serapion Brothers ", wanda ya zama wani manifesto na kungiyar. A da shi, ya furta da ka'idodin da 'yanci na kerawa, rayuwa ba tare da dokoki da ka'idoji.

A rabo daga cikin kungiyar

Domin Soviet gwamnati domin mai zaman kanta kungiyar na marubuta ya sosai a ke so. A 1922, a mujallar "Literary Notes" sun autobiographical makala Serapions. Bayan wannan, duka yakin ga rabuwar marubuta karkashin jagorancin Lunacharsky da Trotsky tsaya. The aiki da aka kafa sarari: mamaye kungiyar. Waɗanda suka yarda su hada kai tare da hukumomin, shi da aka yi wa'adi da cewa ayyukansu za a buga. Domin Soviet marubuci ne riga mai babban rabo mai girma. Wasu daga Serapions shiga guild "Circle", wanda ya wanzu for kudi wasanni.

A hankali cikin ikilisiya zama ƙara rare. Hukumance, kungiyar wargaza ya ba dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin membobinta kiyaye dukan rayuwarsa. Duk da haka, a kan ranar tunawa da yamma Zoscheko daina zo a 1926. Har shekara ta 1929, ƙungiyar ta "Serapion Brothers" har yanzu smoldering a cikin wallafe-wallafen da'irori. Da zuwan na Union of Writers na wanzuwar wani zaman kanta jam'iyya aka, a general, ya zama ba zai yiwu ba.

Duk da gajeren tarihi, da kungiyar "Serapion Brothers" yana da babban muhimmanci ga Rasha adabi na XX karni. Daga ta yanayi bar wani yawan girma marubuta, da kuma yadda shi ya bar ta mark evidenced da cewa a shekarar 1946 membobinta aka sake ambata a cikin shahararrun Zhdanov doka. Saboda haka, bayan shekaru da dama da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet Final hannu samu kangararrun marubuta, buga da Zoshchenko, Tikhonov da Slonimsky yawan prohibitive takunkumi.