Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich: biography, photos

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, wanda biography yana da nasaba Soviet shayari, rayuwarsa da aka ba wa sabis na ba kawai da gidan kayan gargajiya, amma kuma ya bayyana. Literary sukar ko ta yaya ba da labari da shi a cikin "biyu bene" na Rasha kasida, yayin da mawãƙi yana da nasa murya, mai yawa m da kuma nasarorin da ayyukan alheri.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma Family

22 ga watan Nuwamba, 1896, a St. Petersburg da aka haife Nikolai Tikhonov, a takaice biography aka bayyana a cikin kalma guda: "The Mawãƙi", kuma shi ne tare da wani babban birnin kasar wasika. Its asalin shi ne a wata hanya ba, ya jadada zabi na irin hanyoyi a nan gaba. Ya bayyana a cikin wani mai sauqi qwarai da kuma m iyali. Mahaifinsa sauki wanzami, da kuma mahaifiyarsa - a seamstress. iyali samun kudin shiga da aka fiye da fadin, kawai isasshen kudi domin dole bukatun. Suka zauna a cikin shahararrun gidan a kan Morskaya Street, inda da zarar akwai Pushkin, kuma Herzen. Amma a lokacin Tikhonov da shi shi ne gida ga matalauta: kananan duhu dakin, kananzir lighting, tir da halin da ake ciki. A yanayi a wadda nan gaba mawãƙi girma, ba su da wata hanya zuwa ga samuwar na soyayya da art. Iyaye a zahiri pennies tattara ya ba da yara akalla wani kadan ilimi.

koyo

Tihonov Nikolay koya kusan da kansa karanta da kuma rubuta a cikin shekaru bakwai. Sa'an nan iyaye na gano hanyar da aika wa yaron ya yi nazarin a makarantun gwamnati a Post Office Street. Ya ƙaunar karanta, musamman sha'awar da ta tarihi da labarin kasa. Sa'an nan, ya iya ci gaba da ilimi a Trade makaranta, amma a shekaru 15 da ya yi a bar shi a matsayin iyali cikin matsananciyar bukatar taimakon, kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa aiki. More koya masa ya koma taba faru. A gaskiya Tikhonov ya kai sanar, ya zaro wani ilmi daga littattafai, shi ne m aiki game da ƙasashe masu nisa da Kasadar kai shi zuwa saman da wallafe-wallafen aiki.

farko na hanya

Bayan makarantar sakandare, Nicholas tafi aiki kamar yadda wani marubuci a cikin tattalin arziki management daga cikin teku. A shekaru 19, ya tafi zuwa ga soja, shekaru uku da ya yi aiki a cikin Hussars, da mawãƙi taka rawa a cikin fadace-fadace da yakin duniya na farko. A shekarar 1918, bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin Tikhonov shiga cikin sahu na Red Army, a cikin shekaru uku na kare hakkokin sabon Soviet jihar.

Ya halarta a karon waka ta Nikolai Tikhonov rubuta sosai da wuri, a shekaru 18 ya hada da farko ayyukansu. Da farko littafin ya bayyana lokacin da yake da shekaru 22 da haihuwa. A 1922, Nicholas aka demobilized daga cikin sojojin da ke sa da banrazana yanke shawarar zama marubuci. A wannan lokaci ya shiga cikin avant-garde da wallafe-wallafen Trend, ya zama wani ɓangare na ga jam'iyya "Serapion Brothers" tare da irin wannan mawallafa a matsayin Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. A cikin tsawon Tikhonov ne karfi da tasiri acmeism da Gumilev.

shekaru nasara

A farkon 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, wani photo ne sau da yawa hango a cikin Soviet latsa, shi ne wani rukuni na talented da kuma Popular kasida. Ya wallafa da waka "Sami" collections "taro" da "Braga ta Portugal". Ya "Ballad of kusoshi" a zahiri fahimci kirari da quotes. Tun da marigayi 20-ies Tikhonov tafiya mai yawa, da ya ziyarci Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan da kuma Turkmenistan. Ya sanya abokai da yawa daga cikin kasida da fraternal jamhuriyoyin da kuma a cikin wannan lokaci ya sa da yawa daga fassarorin na Jojiyanci, Dagestan, Belarus, Uzbek, Ukrainian lyrics. A shekarar 1935 ya aka aika zuwa Faransa da Congress, "A tsaron na duniya." Kamar yadda mawãƙi ya rayayye goyan bayan layi na jam'iyyar da gwamnatin, ya kulawa don buga mai yawa, tafiya, magana a cikin jama'a. A 1939, Tikhonov sake rubuta su a cikin sojojin, ya taka rawa a cikin Rasha-Finnish War a matsayin yaki wakilinmu kuma edita na "kare Mahaifa, mahaifiyata". A lokacin yakin duniya na II ya yi aiki a cikin harkokin siyasa Administration na Leningrad Front. A wannan lokaci ne ya rubuta yawa shayari kuma litattafan, da kuma aikin jarida.

da postwar lokaci

Bayan da yaki, Nikolai Tikhonov, wani mawãƙi tare da wani haske kasa, ya bada ƙarin ƙarfin da zamantakewa aiki. Tun shekarar 1949, ya shugabanci Soviet Aminci kwamitin, sa'an nan da World Peace Council. A wannan lokaci, ya sa da yawa daga kasashen waje tafiya ga Turai da kuma China. Tun da 1944, aiki jagoran kungiyar na Soviet Writers, sa'an nan ya shiga cikin darajoji na jagorancin kungiyar kwadago. Tun shekarar 1946, a tsawon shekaru ya kasance mataimakin Koli Soviet na RSFSR, Moscow Soviet. Ya rubuta a cikin wannan lokaci, Tikhonov ne da yawa kasa mai cin lokaci gwagwarmaya da makiya na jam'iyyar line. A shekarar 1947, ya aka rayayye da hannu a cikin gwagwarmaya da cosmopolitanism, sukar littafin "Pushkin, kuma World Wallafe-wallafe". A hankali da sha'awa, tarurruka, congresses da wasanni daukan up dukan lokaci, shi izzhivaya mawãƙi ne.

poetic al'adunmu

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, wanda biography aka nasaba, da Soviet hukumomi, bar shi ba sosai arziki, amma ban sha'awa poetic al'adunmu. A cikin kaya fiye da 10 kasidu, cikin shahararrun daga wanda suke "kansu" da kuma "Zancen". Ya halitta 10 collections waqe-waqe hakkin mallaka. Mafi mashahuri su ne "Sha biyu ballads", "Braga ta Portugal" da "Shadow wani aboki." Ayyukan da karshe shekarun da suka gabata da aka yi fentin akida, wadda ƙwarai rage su shigar azzakari cikin farji da kuma m darajar. Da shayari ya kasance kullum musaman kishin kasa, jama'a babbar sha'awa da suka bayyana a fili da kuma yadda ya kamata. Bayan da yaki, da ya so da babban jigo na aikinsa - wannan ne rayuwa da kuma irin abubuwan da na kowa mutum. A soja, ɗan wani masunci, wani manomi - mawãƙi neman gaya game da shu'urin so da motherland, da wayar da kan jama'a na na ga kafa babbar daula mutane ta ikon da adalci.

litattafan Tikhonov

Bugu da kari to shayari, ya rubuta Tihonov Nikolay mai yawa litattafan, da kuma wasu gajejjeran labaru, da kuma makala ne mafĩfĩta ikon ya lyrics ga iyawa. Ya litattafan - tabbataccen koma yara mafarkai da kuma kwaikwayo. Saboda haka, da labarin "Vamberi" ya gaya game da Kasadar na orientalist kuma matafiyi. Wasu daga cikin labarun da litattafan kama Rudyard Kipling. Tikhonov o ƙarin magana game da sauran} asashen, game da yaki ga gaskiya, don haka ayyukan da ya yi irin wannan mai girma ilimi da karfi, kuma sau da yawa karanta a cikin makarantu. Lokacin da yake rayuwa da aka buga bakwai tarin na gajejjeran labaru, da kuma litattafan, mafi sananne sun "yi rantsuwa a Fog," "The Leningrad labaru", "Biyu Rainbow". A cikin shekaru goma Tikhonov rubuta tunanin, suka fito a cikin littafin "The Marubuci da zamanin" a shekara ta 1972. Na da babban amfani ne da jaridar al'adunmu. Works na yaki lokaci, tafiya makala a cikin littafin "makiyaya" gaya na heroism na talakawa mutane, don shawo kan kansu a cikin sunan ideas.

Awards da nasarori

Tihonov Nikolay aka akai-akai lura da gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ya m aiki. Shĩ ne kawai mutumin da ya, fãce LI Brezhnev aka bayar da Lenin Prize kuma kasa da kasa Lenin Prize "ga zaman lafiya tsakanin mutane." A shekarar 1966, ya kasance na farko marubuci samu lakabi na girmamawa na Hero of Socialist Labor. Sau uku ya aka bayar da Stalin Prize, ya kasance sau uku bayar da tare da Order of Lenin, Order of Red Banner na Oktoba juyin juya halin, yakin duniya na II, ta Labor Red Banner. Nikolai Semenovich shi ma a tura ma na da yawa awards, ciki har da na kasa da kasa, sau biyu samu Jihar Prize.

jama'a matsayi

Nikolay Semenovich Tihonov dukan rai ya kasance wani outspoken husũma na Soviet iko. Ya taka leda a ta akida a cikin lyrics, kazalika da daban-daban jama'a tsaye. Ya goyon jam'iyyar line a cikin gwagwarmaya da cosmopolitanism, amma shi bai goyi bayan zargin da Akhmatova da Zoshchenko da kuma biya domin shi shugaban kasa na Union of Writers. Amma a shekarar 1973 ya kasance daga wasu marubuta sanya hannu a wasika cewa tana goyon bayan zargin da Sakharov da Solzhenitsyn ta anti-Soviet ayyukan.

Personal rai

Nikolai Tikhonov, wanda biography da aka sani m rubucen da kuma hambarar da halin kirki, ya rayu quite m rayuwa, manajan don kauce wa matsaloli da yawa da cewa jiran sauran kasida a kan hanya a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Ya ya iya tafi, ta hanyar hudu yaƙe-yaƙe, amma ba su samu mugun rauni. Ya kasance abokai da yawa marubuta na mu lokacin, ko da bayan gãwar gidan iya ko da yaushe zo M.Zoshchenko kuma sami wani m amfani. Aminci abokin mawãƙi ya Mariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. Ta kasance artist shekaru da yawa aiki a cikin yar tsana gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Wife da wani karfi da tasiri a kan ci gaban Tikhonov, a gaskiya, ta tsunduma a ta ci gaba da kuma ilimi, wanda ba ya iya samun. The biyu zauna tare da shi fiye da shekaru 50. Yara da biyu da ba. A shekarar 1975, Maria Konstantinovna mutu, kuma bar da Nikolai Semenovich shekaru hudu. A mawãƙi ne binne a cikin hurumi a Peredelkino. An suna bayan titi a Makhachkala.