Sarki - shi ... Jikoki na Rasha. sarki Kirill

Sarki - shi ne mafi girma da ecclesiastical girma a cikin autocephalous Orthodox Kirista Church. Maganar kunshi dangane da biyu aka gyara daga cikin tushen da kuma a Greek aka fassara a matsayin "baba", "mamayar" ko "ikon." Wannan lakabi da aka soma Chalcedon coci majalisa a 451. Bayan da Kirista coci tsaga a 1054 a Gabashin (Orthodox), kuma a Yammacin (Katolika), wannan lakabi na kunshe ne a matsayi na Eastern Church, inda da sarki - musamman matsayi suna cleric wanda ke da m ecclesiastical dalĩli.

Jikoki

A Byzantine Empire a lokacin da coci da aka karkashin jagorancin hudu ayyana kabila: Konstantinoful, Alexandria, Antakiya, da Urushalima. A tsawon lokaci, kamar yadda samu 'yancin kai da kuma autocephaly na kasashe irin su Serbia da kuma Bulgaria, sun jagoranci Church ma tsaya da sarki. Amma da farko sarki a Rasha da aka zaba a 1589 da Moscow Cathedral na coci matsayi, ya jagoranci a wannan lokaci da sarki na Konstantinoful Irmiya II.

Jikoki na Rasha yana da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban da Orthodox Church. Su sadaukarwa sadaukarwa hanya ya gaske jaruntakar, kuma haka yanzu tsara bukatar ya san kuma zama sane da wannan, saboda kowane daga cikin Jikoki a wani mataki da ya gudummawar da tabbatarwa daga cikin bangaskiya ta gaske ga Slav al'ummai.

Ayuba

A farko Moscow sarki ya zama Ayuba, wanda aka gudanar cikin tsarki ofishin daga 1589 zuwa 1605. Its main kuma babban burin da aka karfafa Orthodoxy a Rasha. Ya kasance cikin Mafarin da dama coci da sake fasalin. A karkashin sabon dioceses aka kafa da kuma da dama daga gidajen ibada, da coci fara da za a buga salla littattafai. Duk da haka, da sarki a 1605 da aka hambarar da ta maƙarƙashiya da 'yan tawayen saboda ƙi zuwa sanin ikon arya Dmitry I.

Harmajanas

Domin Ayuba Patriarchate jagoranci Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. Mulkinsa ne kwanan rana daga 1606 zuwa 1612. Wannan lokaci ya zo daidai da lokacin da mulkin tsanani hargitsi a Rasha tarihi. Sarki Ayuba bayyane, kuma gabagaɗi, ya yi magana fitar da waje invaders da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland Prince, wanda ya so ya gina a kan Rasha kursiyin. A lokacin da Harmajanas ya aka azabtar da Dogayen sanda, wanda ya sa shi a kurkuku, cikin Miracle sufi da akwai starved. Amma da maganarsa da aka ji, kuma nan da nan ya kafa masu dauke da makamai karkashin jagorancin Minin da Pozharsky.

Filaret

A gaba uban iyali a lokacin daga 1619 zuwa 1633 ya kasance Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, wanda bayan mutuwar Tsar Fedor Romanov zama istinbadi contender zuwa kursiyinsa, kamar yadda shi ne dan Ioanna Groznogo. Amma Fedor fadi cikin kunya to Boris Godunov da aka tonsured wani m, samun da sunan Filaret. A sau da hargitsi a arya Dmitry II, Metropolitan Filaret aka ɗauke shi zuwa gadi. Mikhail Romanov - amma a cikin 1613, ɗan Filaret an zabe Rasha Tsar. Saboda haka, ya zama co-regent, nan da nan bayan Filaret gindin san sarki.

na Ioasafa

A gade wa sarki Filaret daga 1634 zuwa 1640 ya zama Akbishop na Pskov da Velikiye Ioasafa I, wanda ciyar da yawa daga cikin aiki a kan kuskure gyara a cikin liturgical littattafai. Lokacin da ta 23 liturgical littattafan da aka samar, kafa uku gidajen lama da kuma mayar da biyar baya rufe.

Joseph

Sarki Joseph Dokokin a cikin sahu na sarki daga 1642 zuwa 1652 shekara. Ya biya mai girma da hankali ga ruhaniya samun haskaka, haka Moscow tauhidin Academy "Rtishchevskaya 'yan'uwantaka" a lokacin da shi da aka kafa a 1648. St. Andrew sufi. Ukraine - shi ne godiya ga masa cewa na farko da matakai wajen sauyin na Rasha da kuma Little Rasha da aka dauka.

Nikon

Daga bisani, daga 1652 zuwa 1666 da Rasha Orthodox Church karkashin jagorancin sarki Nikon. Ya ya warai ascetic da kuma ruhaniya uba, wanda ya rayayye da gudummawar da sauyin da Ukraine da kuma Rasha, sa'an nan zuwa Belarus. Karkashin shi biyu yatsunsu alamar gicciye an maye gurbinsu da uku yatsunsu.

Joasaph II

Bakwai sarki ya zama Joasaph II na, Archimandrite na Triniti-Sergius Lavra, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1667 zuwa 1672. Ya fara bi da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon, a lokacin da shi ya fara ilmantar da jama'a arewa-maso-gabashin karkata daga Rasha kan iyaka da kasar Sin tare da Amur River. A zamanin da Beatitude Ioasafa II Spassky sufi da aka kafa.

Pitirim

Moscow sarki Pitirim mulki kawai goma watanni na 1672 da 1673. Kuma ya yi musu baftisma Peipsi sufi Tsar Peter I. A 1973, tare da albarka da aka kafa Ostashkov Tver sufi.

Joachim

Duk da kokarin da gaba sarki Joachim, hukuncin a 1674 da 1690, aka directed da waje tasiri a Rasha. A 1682, a lokacin da matsaloli saboda da mayẽwa daga sarki Joachim ya sanya na kawo karshen tawaye musketeers.

Andrian

Goma sarki Andrian malamai zauna daga 1690 zuwa 1700, kuma ya muhimmanci a cewa ya fara goyi bayan manufofin Bitrus I a sojan ruwa yi, soja da kuma tattalin arziki da sake fasalin. Ya aiki da aka alaka da kiyaye canons da kuma kariya game da coci daga karkatacciyar koyarwa.

Tikhon

Kuma a sa'an nan, kawai bayan shekaru 200 na Synodal zamani daga 1721 zuwa 1917, ya koma zuwa ga patriarchal kursiyin, Lardi na Moscow da kuma Kolomna Tikhon, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1917 zuwa 1925. A cikin mahallin da yakin basasa da kuma juyin juya hali, dole ne ya magance al'amurran da suka shafi tare da sabon jihar, korau hali ga coci.

Sergius

Tun shekara ta 1925, Metropolitan Sergius na Nizhny Novgorod ya zama mataimakin patriarchal Locum Tenens. A lokacin babban Patriotic War shi, ya shirya da tsaron Asusun, ta hanyar abin da kiwata kudi ga marãyu da kuma soma. Akwai ma wani kafa tank shafi karkashin sunan Dmitry Donskoy. Daga 1943 zuwa 1944 ya aka wajabta sarki.

Alexis na

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1945, sabon sarki Alexy I, sanya hanya a kan karaga har 1970, kuma an zabe. Ya tsunduma a maido da ayyukan halakar da majami'u da kuma gidajen lama bayan da yaki, ya kafa lambobi tare da 'yar'uwarsa Orthodox Ikklisiya, Roman Katolika, Non-Chalcedonian majami'u da gabas da Furotesta.

Pimen

A na gaba shugaban na Orthodox Church ya da sarki Pimen, ya karya a cikin ofishin daga 1971 zuwa 1990. Ya zama magaji na rikirkida qaddamar da baya Jikoki, da kuma directed duk da kokarin karfafa dangantakar dake tsakanin Orthodox duniya a kasashe daban-daban. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1988 sarki Pimen jagoranci shiri domin bikin na Millennium na Baftisma na Rus.

Alexy II

Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2008, da sarki na Moscow Alexy ya zama Bishop II. a lokacin mulkinsa saboda da ilimi ci gaba da kuma Tarurrukan na Rasha Orthodoxy. Mutane da yawa majami'u da kuma gidajen lama sun bude a wannan lokaci. Babban taron da aka bude daga cikin haikali na Kristi Mai-Ceto a Moscow. A shekara ta 2007, shi ya sa hannu kan dokar da Mashahuran Orthodox Church roko ga Rasha Orthodox Church waje na Rasha.

Kirill

Janairu 27, 2009 ya kuma an zabe sha shida sarki na Moscow, wanda ya zama Lardi na Smolensk, kuma Kaliningrad Kirill. Wannan shahararren malamin arziki sosai biography, domin shi ne mai hereditary firist. A cikin shekaru biyar ta mulkinsa, sarki Kirill nuna kansa a matsayin wani gogaggen dan siyasa da kuma wani m ecclesiastical jami'in diflomasiyyar, iya cimma kyau kwarai sakamakon a wani gajeren lokaci godiya ga kyau kwarai dangantakar da shugaban kasar da kuma firaministan kasar.

Sarki Kirill ya aikata yawa don gama da Rasha Orthodox Church kasashen waje. Ya m ziyara zuwa kasashe makwabta, tarurruka da ministoci da kuma wakilan sauran addinai a karfafa da kuma fadada abokantaka da kuma m iyaka. Tsarki a fili fahimci cewa wajibi ne su tãyar da halin kirki da kuma na ibada na mutane, kuma musamman firistoci. Ya ce, da Church wajibi ne su shiga cikin mishan aiki. Sarki na All Rasha, sharply soki malaman ƙarya, kuma m kungiyoyin cewa tura mutane cikin wani fili rikice. Saboda kyau da jawabai da kuma taken boye makami domin lalata da Church. Sarki Kirill kamar yadda babu wanda ya fahimci abin da mai girma take. Yadda babbar da muhimmancin a kasar ta rayuwa. Sarki - shi ne, a sama da dukan, wata babbar alhakin dukan ƙasar da dukan Rasha Orthodox mutane.