Rushewar Rundunar ta USSR. Babban Crisis Crisis na Girni na ashirin

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da jiha mafi girma da wuri shagaltar da 1/6 na wurin rayuwa ƙasar ne babu shakka mafi girma geopolitical bala'i na XX karni, shi ne tsanaki Lalacewar a cikin harkokin tattalin arziki, siyasa, zamantakewa Tsarin na Tarayyar Soviet.

A halin yanzu, masana tarihi ba su da irin wannan ra'ayi game da abin da ainihin dalilin faduwar Rundunar Harkokin Jirgin ta Amurka, kuma ko zai yiwu ya hana aiwatar da raguwa. Duk da haka, cikin abubuwan da ya yi sanadiyyar rushewar, shi ya isa, ciki har da amincewa da yanayin Soviet jama'a, imbalances m tattalin arziki, wasu daga cikin mafi girma da mutum sanya bala'i, kasa da kasa rikice-rikice ciki har da tarzoma a shekara ta 1972 a Kaunas, taro da zanga-zanga a shekara ta 1978 a Georgia, Events a 1980 A Minsk, cikin watan Disamba na 1986 a Kazakhstan, da dai sauransu. Dukkanin wannan ya haifar da rikici wanda ya haifar da ragowar tsarin Soviet.

Ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin sake fasalin tsarin Soviet ya haifar da rikici a kasar, wanda aka bayyana a cikin siyasar siyasa a matsayin wata adawa tsakanin shugaban kasar Amurka da Gorbachev da shugaban RSFSR Yeltsin.

Kasashen Soviet Commonwealth sun fara kare kansu. Tsarin mulki na 'yan kasa 15 na Jamhuriyar Soviet sunyi barazana ga tsarin tsarin siyasa. Duk da haka, a watan Agusta 1991, Gorbachev ya sanar da cewa a ran 20 ga Agusta, gwamnatin Soviet za ta sa hannu a sabon yarjejeniyar da ake kira "Union of Sovereign States" tare da jihohi 15, wanda zai ba su muhimmin bangare na ikon gwamnati. A halin da ake ciki, magoya bayan tsarin, wanda cibiyarsa ta Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasa, ba za ta karbi wannan ba, saboda kowace jihohi na da damar da za ta magance matsalolin ciki na ciki, wanda ke nufin hasara ga gwamnatin Soviet. Bugu da kari akwai kuma wasu matsaloli da suka shafi cikin inadmissibility da kwangila, kamar matsalar na rabuwa da roka sojojin na dabarun manufa, iska tsaro, kuma ba shakka, rundunar sojojin daidai tsakanin jamhuriyoyin.

Duk da wannan tare da ya kai ga siyasa da kuma Azancin ake iya faɗi Agusta juyin mulki, da kuma halittar gaggawa na kwamitin ba tare da Gorbachev cewa safe watan Agusta 19 ga kafofin watsa labarai sanar da dokar ta baci, kazalika da sanar da cewa, shugaban kasa iko da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga mataimakin shugaban kasar Gennady Yanayev.

Boris Yeltsin ya soki ayyukan Gorbachev da kuma kwamitin tsakiya, a gidan gwamnati da kuma titin birnin. A hankali ya yi amfani da fahimtar mutane, kuma ya gudanar da aika babban ɓangaren jama'a zuwa goyon bayansa. Bayan da aka bayyana dokar ta-baci, an sake mayar da sakonni a Moscow, kuma an shirya kimanin tankuna 500 da motocin da aka yi garkuwa da su na kwamitin gaggawa. Amma babu goyon bayan soja a bayyane ba ya hana Boris Nikolayevich ba, kuma ya cigaba da magana da jama'a yayin da yake tsaye a ɗaya daga cikin wadannan tankuna. Bayan samun nasarar cire Gorbachev, kuma ya bar gwamnatin Soviet ba tare da shugabanni ba, sai ya ba da umarnin shugaban kasa, bisa ga abin da dukan sojojin suka wuce zuwa gare shi, kuma daga bisani suka dakatar da ƙoƙarin da suka dace don hana hana yarjejeniyar. Saboda haka, rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya kai ga samun 'yancin kansu na jihohi 15 da bayyanar su a fagen siyasa na duniya a matsayin jihohi masu zaman kansu.

Ranar 22 ga Yuli, Yeltsin, tare da mutane dubu biyu da dubu dari biyu a cikin fagen, ya yi nasara da nasarar, ya yi wa jam'iyyar kwaminis ta kasar Sin hukuncin kisa 70, kuma ya amince da tartolor flag, don haka ya tabbatar da rabuwa da Rasha daga kungiyar ta USSR.

Ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 1991, Gorbachev ya yi murabus a matsayin Babban Sakatare kuma ya soke jam'iyyar.