Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich Rasha mawaki, shugaban na "Mabuwãyi dintsi": biography, kerawa

The most Rasha mawaki Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, waɗanda ayyukansu har yanzu ba zai rasa da munasaba, da aka sani ba kawai domin ta fice m aiki, amma kuma kamar yadda na kafa, da kuma inspirer na dukan shakka a Rasha music.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma Family

Haifuwa daga mawaki Janairu 2, 1837 a Nizhny Novgorod. Mahaifinsa, Balakirev Aleksey Konstantinovich ya titular councilor daraja asali, mahaifiyarsa tsunduma yara. Iyali da aka gudanar gargajiya gaskatawar Kirista, da kuma yaron ya yi girma har sosai addini, ko teased gidansa, ya kira "nan gaba bishop." Bangaskiya cikin rayukansu zama wani muhimmin batu ga Balakirev. Daga farkon shekarun da yaro ya nuna m ikon, ni da uwata lura da shi.

A farko m abubuwan

Riga 6-7 shekaru Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich karkashin shiryarwar uwar fara koyon yi wasa da Piano, ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba. Domin ba dansa mafi kyau basira, inna daukan shi zuwa Moscow. Akwai ya gudanar da wani gajeren hanya na piano dabara a shahara mawaki kuma malamin Aleksandra Dyubyuka. Sa'an nan a gida, ya ci gaba da samar da kayan aiki a karkashin shiryarwar wani gida pianist da shugaba K. Eyzeriha. Wannan mawaki gabatar Balakirev da Alexander Dmitrievich Ulybysheva, ya zama majiɓinci na zane-zane, wani mai son mawaki, malama, wanda ya taka sosai muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar mawaki. Gidansa ya game da wani m jama'a na gida gabascin, marubuta, mawaka, kide da aka gudanar domin tattauna matsalolin da art. Ga shi an aza harsashin ginin da na ado Outlook na Balakirev.

koyo

Uwar nan gaba mawaki ya mutu da wuri, shi ya sa an kawo karshen din nazarin Balakirev music. Daga baya, mahaifinsa ya aure sake, albashi kawai isa ya zama a kan wani babban iyali, da biyan bashin na binciken mu iya ba tafi. A shekaru 12, da yaron da aka aiko zuwa Nizhny Novgorod nobility Institute, inda ya samu sakandare ilimi a kudi na gida nobility. Shekaru hudu bayan da ya samu wata mai sa kai a Jami'ar Kazan a cikin ilimin lissafi Department, amma ya ya iya prouchitsya kawai a kan wani shekara, kudi don kara ilmi da yake da shi, ya kasance sunã tsirfatãwa su rai ta wajen music darussa. A lokacin da ya yi karatu, Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich rubuta da farko m ayyukansu: songs, piano guda.

kira

Ganin bayyananne iyawa na saurayi, Ulybyshev a 1855 daukan shi a St. Petersburg, inda ya gana da Rasha mawaki Mikhail Glinka.

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich, da music ga wanda ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na rayuwa, ya nuna musu ayyukansu Maitre kuma samu sosai high yabo da shawarwarin sadaukar da rayuwarsa don composing music. Shekara guda daga baya, haifar da marubucin ya gabatar ga jama'a da farko guda na music, kazalika da ya halarta a karon a matsayin pianist kuma shugaba a yi masa Concert Allegro for Piano, kuma Orchestra. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon da aka sosai da idon samu ta hanyar sukar da jama'a, Balakirev aka gayyace ga wasanni a arziki gidajensu, shi ya taimaka wajen warware matsaloli kudi na mawaki, amma cinyewa da yawa lokaci. Makadi da zarar ya ce da kansa a matsayin mahaliccin Rasha na kasa da muradi sun zama ya alamar kasuwanci.

A hanya zuwa ga sana'a

Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, wanda aikin da aka samun in shahararsa, yayin da manyan wani aiki concert jadawalin, rotates a wadanda mutane da'irori. Amma yana daukan shi da yawa lokaci da kuma kokarin, kuma da ya ga manufarsa a composing music da kuma yada m ideas. Ya rage yawan shisshigi, ko da yake shi adversely rinjayar da kudi wuri, da kuma yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa don music kuma fadakarwa.

Balakirev da kuma "Mabuwãyi dintsi"

A marigayi 50-ies na XIX karni Balakirev halarci tare da yawan masu kida: A. S. Dargomyzhskim, V. V. Stasovym, A. N. Serovym. Kamar wancan ne kafa wata da'ira, wanda zai zama a san matsayin "Mabuwãyi dintsi". Mutane da yawa magoya bayan ya yi magana game da rabo daga cikin kasa music, da tattauna game da aikin. A tsawon lokaci, da kungiyar shiga cikin mafi muhimmanci composers na Rasha Empire Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Cui Ts. Balakirev gani a kowane daga cikin wadannan matasa maza hasken Allahntaka music taimake su wajen samar da wata kyauta, ta samar da nasu m style. Daya samun karfi da tawagar da mawallafa, kowanne daga abin da aiki a kansa hanya, amma su tare taimaka juna, don samar da guda kasa style.

The Group ne rayayye sadarwa tare da wakilan da m kawo dukkan daga cikin lokaci tare da sukar Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, Pisemsky A., I. Repin. Kusa da hadaddun dangantaka kafa tare da composers P. I. Chaykovskim, a kan abin da "Mabuwãyi dintsi" yana mai karfi da tasiri. Masu kida na aiki, a cikin gabatarwa na kabilanci ra'ayoyi a art, wanda ya avant-garde makõma ga Rasha da al'adunsu.

By da 70 ga watan shekara band m up, amma ta ideas ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma ci gaba. "Mabuwãyi dintsi" bar wani gagarumin lamba a kan Rasha music, da tasiri a kan gane A. Liadov, Arensky, S. Lyapunov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, ko a Faransa m al'adu akwai wani sananne "shida" by Erik Satie da Zhana Kokto, maimaita ta hanyar da "Mabuwãyi dintsi".

Educational aiki

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, wanda biography ne har abada nasaba da music, ya yi babban taimako ga samuwar kasa makaranta. A 1862, tare da G. Lomakin, shugaba na mawaka Balakirev ƙirƙirar free music makaranta, wanda ya zama cibiyar ilimi, gabatarwa na kasa art da farko wurin taro m ilimi.

The sarki goyon bayan shirin na kida, don haka masu shirya samu damar samar da wani hadari na aiki. Sun shirya kide na dalibai, ya dauki ga makaranta da duk wanda yake da ikon, amma ba ya iya biya kudade. A makaranta sanar kunne horo, m kayan aiki da kuma rera. Balakirev ya darektan da ma'aikata da kuma shugaba daga cikin shagali. A cikin rabi na biyu na 80-ies na XIX karni, da makaranta an m karancin kudi, wanda ya kai ga wani gagarumin raguwa a cikin aiki. Balakirev yayin da za ta hanyar mai tsanani rikicin, ya ko da ya bar mukaminsa na darektan ga wani lõkaci.

Amma a 1881 ya koma zuwa ga post na Director na fi so yaron da makaranta tabbata mai aminci da ƙarshen. A 1883, Balakirev karkashin angarorin na TI Filippova ya Manajan Kotun Chapel, inda ya kungiya da kuma amfani da basira pedagogical. Yana inganta koyarwa tsarin a cikin Chapel, kara habaka kimiyya bangaren a tarbiyya, kiran koya Rimsky-Korsakov, shirya ƙungiyar makaɗa aji, ƙwarai inganta ingancin rayuwa na dalibai, shi ya gina wani sabon ginin na ɗakin sujada. A 1894 ya bar ɗakin sujada na jagoranci da kuma ritaya tare da daskararrun tsabar kudi na biyu, tun lokacin da ya iya ya kebe kansa da rubuce-rubuce.

Musical aiki

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich duk rayuwarsa tsunduma a music, ya aiki ya fara tare da rubuce-rubuce na farko mai son songs kuma piano guda. Ayyukan mawaki fara dauke da ya rinjayi Mikhail Glinka, wanda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar makadi. A 1866, Glinka, Balakirev gayyace ya jagoranci samar da wasan kwaikwayo na "Ruslan da Lyudmila" da "Life ga Tsar" a Prague wasan kwaikwayo. Mawaki ya nuna babban aiki da kuma ya nuna shugaba ta iyawa a cikin wannan aiki, wanda ya samu gagarumar nasara, kuma gudummawar da tabbatarwa daga Balakirev ta matsayi a cikin music duniya.

A 1860, da mawaki tafiya tare da Volga, wanda ya tattara wakokin da boatmen, wanda daga baya ya dauki siffar a cikin music tarin, bari mu yi yawa amo a cikin al'adunsu. A 1862, 1863 da kuma 1868 m bi da bi, ya tafiya zuwa Caucasus, daga kwaikwayo wanda sun shafi aikin mawaki. Ba da da ewa, da mawaki gayyace su gudanar da kide na mallaka Rasha Musical Society, amma a 1869 da ya tilasta wa barin gidan.

Fara a wuya lokacin a cikin rãyuwar Balakirev, mawaki hõre dama da defamation, shi ke haifar da shi m rauni, kuma domin da yawa shekaru ya ƙwarai rage wa m aiki. A 1881, sai ya koma zuwa ga music, amma shi ne ya fi damuwa da shugabanci na ɗakin sujada, ya rubuta cewa a bit, amma a wannan lokacin akwai da dama da karfi, balagagge ayyukansu, kamar symphonic waka "Tamara".

A ƙarshen 90s zo karshe m da sosai m lokacin da mawaki ta rayuwa. Ya rubuta cewa da yawa daga music for piano, aiki a kan wani symphonic waka "Rus" da "A Jamhuriyar Czech."

m al'adunmu

Mawaki Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, shekaru na rayuwa ne da aka ba wa search for abincinsu, da ilimi da kuma koyarwa, da barin wani karamin, amma gagarumin gado ne. Daga manyan ayyuka sun hada da music for "King Lear", da piano fantasy "Musulunci" mafi tsanani jiyya na sauran composers, game da 2 dozin romances da songs, biyu kade-kade.

Personal rai

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich ya m, nutty irin sanya shi a cikin wuya rayuwa yanayi. Duk rayuwarsa ya kasance short na kudi, ya aka fatalwa ta makiya wanda kushe shi, shirya wani yaƙi gāba da mawaki a cikin latsa. A mafi girma zurfin da rikicin kudi buga a 1872, lokacin da makaranta kide ba kawai ya daina zama riba, amma ba zai iya wuce. Bugu da kari ga wannan mutuwa mawaki ta mahaifinsa, da kuma a kan kafadu ginu ne da kula da jindadin matasa 'yan'uwa mãtã. Mawaki a cikin fid da zuciya, da ya zo da wani m fashewa, ko tunani game da mutum ya kashe kansa.

A 1874, Balakirev bar makaranta da ke cikin shagon management Warsaw Railway matsayin underling, ya sake fara ba music darussa. Babu ƙarfi, kuma bã lokacin da za a ci gaba da tuntubar juna tare da abokai da yake da shi, da kuma ya tafi daga da'irar kamar shiryayye, ba a rubuta music. A da mafi wuya lokaci a cikin rayuwarsa. Balakirev sãmi wata hanya a cikin addini, ya zama sosai ibada da kuma hankali ya fara komawa zuwa al'ada. A 1881, lokacin da ya koma aiki a makaranta, ya kwakwalwar da aka baje. Vicissitudes na rayuwa, so ga music aka ba a yarda ya Balakirev haifar da nasu iyali, kuma ya rayu da takardun shaidar, m kerawa.

A mawaki ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma cikakken rai, ya rasu a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1910, kuma an binne shi a Tikhvin hurumi.

Ban sha'awa facts na biography

Rayuwa na cike da m mutane ne sau da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da, daban-daban da suka faru, ba togiya, kuma Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich. Ban sha'awa facts dokoki da wata babbar jerin, akwai kuma bakin ciki. Saboda haka, tare da dukan isa yabo na mawaki ba kawai ga Rasha da al'adunsu, amma kuma ga dukan Turai music a wani birni a duniya, ya ba sa da abin tunawa. Amma daya daga cikin mafi kyau music makarantu a Turai, idan ba duniya, located in Moscow, da nuna alfahari Bears sunansa.

Balakirev yaro ya yi rashin lafiya, sai aka sau da yawa tsananta, kuma relentlessly radadin ciwon kai cewa koro shi mai yanke ƙauna. A daya daga cikin wadanda protracted crises, ya ko da ya so ya ba da tafi zuwa wani sufi, amma sa'a, da cutar ya raguwa, kuma mawaki yana cikin wadanda mutane rayuwa.

Su ilimi, a gaskiya, zamar masa dole ya Balakirev da kansa, ya yi aiki tukuru a kan dabara da kuma inganta. Duk da haka, a lokacin da aka tambaye shi a cikin balagagge shekaru, da aka nada Farfesa a Moscow Conservatory, da mawaki ya ki saboda ya ba da wani ilmi.