Biography da kerawa Karamzina N. M. Karamzin List of ayyukansu

Saba kalmomi kamar sadaka, ban sha'awa, kuma ko da soyayya, mu sau da yawa amfani. Amma 'yan mutane san cewa idan ba don Nikolai Karamzin, to, watakila ba za su taɓa yi ya bayyana a cikin kamus na Rasha mutane. Karamzin kerawa idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan yi fice sentimentalist Sterne, kuma ko da sa marubuta a daya mataki. Tare da zurfin hikimar tantance tunani, ya ya iya rubuta da farko littafin "Tarihi na Rasha jihar." Karamzin yi haka ba tare da kwatanta raba tarihi mataki, wani zamani daga wanda ya kasance, da kuma bada wani panoramic image na jihar tarihi zanen.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka N. Karamzin

Birthplace na baiwa daga 12 ga watan Disamba, 1766. Ya girma da kuma fara karatu a cikin gidan mahaifinsa Mikhail Zhukovsky, wanda ya kasance mai ritaya kyaftin. Nikolai rasa mahaifiyarsa, don haka shi ne cikakken tsunduma a cikin ilimi na Kirista.

Da zaran na koyi karatu, yaron ya ɗauki littafin fita daga cikin mahaifiyarsa library, tsakanin wanda aka Faransa litattafan, aiki na Emin, Rollin. Firamarensa samu a gida, Nikolai, sa'an nan karatu a Simbirsk daraja makarantar kwana, sa'an nan, a 1778, ya aka aika zuwa shiga makaranta farfesa ne, a Moscow.

Kamar yadda wani yaro ya zama sha'awar tarihi. Wannan gudummawar wani littafi kan tarihin Emin.

Na bincike hankali na Nicholas bai ba shi ya zauna na dogon lokaci a ƙasa, ya soma nazarin harshe, ya tafi ji wata lacca a Moscow University.

Early aiki

Karamzin kerawa fãra daga lokacin da ya yi aiki a cikin Preobrazhensky Guards rajimanti Petersburg. A wannan lokacin, Nikolai Mikhailovich fara kokarin kanka a cikin rawar da marubuci.

Gudummawar da samuwar Karamzin matsayin artist da kuma kalmar soyayya, cewa ya rauni sama a Moscow. Daga cikin abokansa sun Novikov, A. Petrov, A. Kutuzov. A lokaci guda ya shiga cikin zamantakewa - taimaka a cikin shirye-shiryen da kuma batun na mujallar yara "Yara Karatun ga zuciya da tunani."

A lokacin da sabis da aka ba kawai farkon m aikin Nikolaya Karamzina, amma kuma kafa shi a matsayin mutum, sanya shi yiwuwa a tafiyar da yawa idon sani, wanda suka amfani. Bayan rasuwar tsohonsa, Nicholas yanke shawarar daina sabis, taba komawa zuwa gare shi. A cikin haske a lokacin da shi da aka gani a matsayin mai tsoro da kuma kalubale ga al'umma. Amma wanda ya san, idan ya ba ta daina sabis, shi zai iya buga farko da fassarorin, kazalika da asali qagaggun, wanda gano take da sha'awar tarihi batutuwa?

Tafiya zuwa Turai

Rayuwa da kerawa Karamzin abruptly canza su sabõda hanya, sa'ad da daga 1789 zuwa 1790. ya tafiya zuwa Turai. A lokacin tafiya, marubucin halartar Immanuel Kant, cewa ya yi masa gagarumar alama. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, na shekara-shekara tebur da aka wallafa da kuma gaban a Faransa a lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin, daga baya ya rubuta "wasikun a Rasha matafiyi". Shi ne wannan aiki ya sa shi shahara.

An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne littafin ya buɗe wani sabon shekaru na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Shi ne ba tare da dalili, tun da wadannan bakin hanya rubutu ba kawai kasance rare a Turai, amma kuma samu da mabiya a Rasha. Daga gare su, A. Griboyedov, F. Glinka, V. Izmailov da yawa wasu.

Saboda haka "girma kafafunsa" kuma a kwatanta da Karamzin tsananin. "M Journey" kwanan nan a kan batun samfurin ta tuna da Karamzin.

Isa a Rasha

Komowa zuwa mahaifarsa, Karamzin yanke shawarar da ya shirya a Moscow, inda ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki. Bugu da kari, ya zama mai sana'a jarida kuma marubuci. Amma da apogee wannan lokaci ne, ba shakka, littafin na "Moscow Journal" - na farko Rasha wallafe-wallafen mujallar, wanda aka buga ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma Karamzin.

A a layi daya, ya fito da littattafan da anthologies cewa sun karfafa shi a matsayin m uba na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Daga gare su, "Aglaia", "pantheon na waje adabi", "My trifles" da sauransu.

Bugu da ƙari, da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I kafa da lakabi na kotu tarihi domin Karamzin. Abin lura shi ne cewa tun da babu wanda ya samu irin wannan suna. Wannan ba kawai ƙarfafa kudi wuri na Nicholas Mikhailovich, amma kuma ƙarfafa matsayinsu a cikin al'umma.

Karamzin a matsayin marubuci

Don da marubuci ta estate Karamzin shiga sa'ad da yake a cikin sabis, a matsayin yunkurin kokarin kaina a cikin wannan filin ba su kasance sosai nasara a jami'a.

kerawa Karamzin za a iya raba uku main Lines:

• almarar, wanda shi ne wani muhimmanci na gãdon (a cikin jerin: labaru, litattafan).
• shayari - shi ne da yawa karami.
• almarar, tarihi ayyukansu.

A general, rinjayar da ayyukansa a Rasha adabi za a iya kwatanta ta da tasiri na Catherine ta al'umma - akwai lokatan canje-canje da cewa sun sanya masana'antu m.

Karamzin - marubuci, ya zama masomin da sabon Rasha adabi, da zamanin da ya ci gaba da wannan rana.

Sentimentalism a cikin ayyukan Karamzin

Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich juya hankalin marubuta da kuma, a sakamakon, kuma su masu karatu a kan hankula a matsayin rinjaye mutum. Yana da wannan alama, kuma shi ne na asali zuwa sentimentalism da kuma raba shi daga classicism.

A zuciya na da wata al'ada, na halitta da kuma dama na mutum zama dole m manufa, kuma a saki ji da kuma hasken dake fitowa, inganta son sha'awa na mutum a matsayin irin wannan, wanda aka bai da yanayi da kuma shi ne na halitta.

A gwarzo ne ba hankula. Ya individualized, ba shi da wani na musamman. Ya kwarewa ba a hana ta da iko, da wadãta, koyar da duniya don jin mugun wayo, don amsa ga canje-canje.

Software samfurin na sentimentalism a Rasha adabi aka dauke su "Poor Liza". Wannan magana ne ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, wanda aikin zahiri fashe bayan buga "Haruffa na Rasha matafiyi", da aka gabatar sentimentalism Podorozhniy rubutu.

poetry Karamzin

Karamzin waqe zauna da yawa kasa sarari a cikin aikinsa. Amma ba rashin sanin cikakken farashi su muhimmanci. Kamar yadda a cikin litattafan mawãƙi Karamzin neophyte zama sentimentalism.

Poetry na lokaci mai da hankali a kan Lomonosov, Derzhavin, yayin da Nikolai Mikhailovich canjãwa hanya zuwa Turai sentimentalism. A reorientation na dabi'u a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Maimakon waje, m duniya, marubucin delves cikin ciki duniya na mutum, da sha'awar ya ruhaniya iko.

Ya bambanta da na gargajiya, da haruffa ne haruffa daga cikin sauki rayuwa, kullum, bi da bi, Karamzin waka abu - mai sauki rayuwa, kamar yadda ya riya. Hakika, a cikin bayanin na yau da kullum mawãƙi dena lush metaphors da kwatancen amfani da harshen da kuma sauki rhyme.

Amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa shayari zama matalauta da mediocre. A akasin wannan, a iya karba da samuwa m wajen, don haka da cewa sun haifar da da ake so sakamako, kuma a lokaci guda tone abubuwan da gwarzo - shi ke babban burin ya bi ta Karamzin shayari.

Poems ba monumental. Sau da yawa suka nuna a kan biyuntakar na dabi'ar mutum, hanyoyi biyu na neman a abubuwa, da hadin kai da kuma gwagwarmaya da hamayya da juna.

litattafan Karamzin

ado ka'idojin Karamzin nuna a litattafan same shi a cikin msar tambayar rubuce-rubucen. Ya nace a kan tashi daga classic kamu da wani ra'ayi tare da rationalism to ji na ƙwarai daga mutum, ruhaniya duniya.

Babban aiki - lallashe da karatu to a kalla empathy, samun fuskanci ba kawai da gwarzo, amma kuma tare da shi. Saboda haka, empathy kamata kai zuwa wani ciki canji na mutum, sai ku sanya shi ci gaba na ruhaniya albarkatu.

Labari gefen aikin kamar wancan gina kamar yadda a cikin waqoqi: m hadaddun magana gudun ƙawa da frills. Amma kada guda matafiyi ta rubutu ba bushe rahotanni, sun mayar da hankali a kan haukan na nuni, da haruffa zo da fore.

Labarin Karamzin bayyana a cikin daki-daki, abin da ke faruwa, yin makale a cikin son sha'awa yanayin abubuwa. Amma a matsayin kwarewa na tafiya kasashen waje, akwai mutane da yawa, cewa a kan takarda da suka wuce ta sieve na authorial "I". Ya ba daura da bunqasar na m ƙungiyoyi. Alal misali, London ya tuna ba Thames gadoji da kuma hazo, da kuma a cikin maraice, a lokacin da fitilu suna lit, da kuma birni na haskakawa.

Haruffa ne marubuci kanka - wannan shi ne ya tafiya sahabbai ko interlocutors, wanda Karamzin hadu a lokacin tafiya. Ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne ba kawai da aristocracy. Da ya yi magana ba tare da jinkirin da kuma socialites, da kuma talakawa dalibai.

Karamzin - tarihi

Karni na sha tara kaiwa Karamzin ta tarihi. Lokacin da Alexander na nada shi kotu tarihi, Karamzin ta rayuwa da kuma aiki suna jurewa munanan canje-canje a sake: ya ki yarda da wallafe-wallafen da ayyukan da cikakken nutsa cikin rubuce-rubuce na tarihi ayyukansu.

Oddly isa, amma ta farko da tarihi aikin, "Bayanan kula kan Ancient da Modern Rasha a cikin harkokin siyasa da} ungiyoyin dangantakar" Karamzin kishin zargi da sarki ta sake fasalin. Manufar "Memoirs" ya nuna ra'ayin mazan jiya sassa na al'umma, kazalika da rashin biyan bukata da masu sassaucin ra'ayi da sake fasalin. Ya kuma yi kokarin samun shaidar cewa aikin banza ne, irin sake fasalin.

Karamzin - fassara

Karamzin, biography , kuma m aiki ne sosai bambancin, neman wa kansa da kuma a cikin filin na translation. Kuma da nema ga nasara. Nikolai Mikhailovich ya zama ba kawai mai girma yi, amma translation sharhi a lokacinsa.

Harsuna daga wanda ya fassara da ayyukan:

• Turanci.
• Faransa.
• Jamus.

A marubuci bai yi zahiri da fassarorin, da kuma stylistically kokarin gyara su, don kawo, to accomodate su "Rasha kunne." Ya ba kawai biya kulawa ta musamman wajen rubuce-rubuce style na asali, amma kuma sosai aiki a kan sake halittar yanayi, wanda na aiwatuwa a na asali, ba ya rasa 'yar alamar barbashi don canja wurin abubuwan.

Samun aiki a kan halittar wani takamaiman marubucin, ya yi karatu Karamzin kerawa, a takaice acquainting masu karatu tare da ƙarin bayani.

A marubuci nuna uku ka'idodi, wanda ya kamata a dogara ne a kan high quality-fassara:

• Tsabta - Game da lexical abu.
• Smoothness - yana nufin stylistic uniformity.
• Jamalin - fassarar dole ne a matsayin cikakken matsayin da zai yiwu, amma a cikin wani akwati ba a layi daya. Ya kamata a sauƙi gane.

Karamzin garambawul harshe

Shafi adabi Karamzin ta aiki ba zai iya danganta da canje-canje a cikin jawabin. Babban aiki na marubuci aka gabatowa wani rai, magana da harshen. Ya nemi ya tsarkake shi daga rabu amfani ƙamus, fanciful bayani. Amma shi duka Nikolai Mikhailovich kuma aka yi wani abokin gaba da zagi na folksy kalmomi, wadanda da ba su dace a cikin fahimtar magana quality, araha, amma kyau.

Karamzin wadãtar da Rasha harshen, bisa ƙirƙira yawa sabon kalmomi, godiya ga Bugu da kari na da kwasfansu, canji na phrases ko kawo su ne daga wasu harsuna. Daga cikin wadannan kalmomi: masana'antu, soyayya, Adam, da sauransu.

"Tarihi na Rasha Jihar"

A mafi sanannen tarihi aiki, wanda ya rubuta Karamzin - "Tarihi na Rasha jihar." Dalili na aikin ya tafi "Notes on Ancient da Modern Rasha a cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma soja a tsakaninsu." Yana aiki a kan shi, Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich, waɗanda ayyukansu sun ko da yaushe yana tarihi digressions, bayanin kula, tarihi, tunani game da samar da wani babban analytical aiki.

Talking a duniya yanayin da aikin, kuma ya kusantar da bayanai daga tarihi, da yawa daga abin da aka farko amfani da kimiyya a general. Karamzin ba kawai sake ƙirƙirarsu da crumbs na tarihi, amma kuma sami sabon da kuma sabon kafofin. Saboda haka, shi ne wanda ya bude da Ipatiev labarinsa.

A tsarin da "Tarihin":

• Gabatarwa - ya bayyana rawar da tarihin matsayin kimiyya.
• tarihi har 1612 tun lokacin da nomadic kabilu.

Kowane labarin, da labarin ƙare da karshe na halin kirki da kuma da'a hali.

Ma'ana na "Tarihin"

Da zarar kammala aikin Karamzin, "Tarihi na Rasha Jihar" a zahiri a warwatse kamar zafi da wuri. A baya watan 3,000 kofe an sayar. "Tarihi" da aka karanta duk abin da: dalilin ba kawai cika da farin spots a cikin tarihi na jihar, amma kuma sauki, sauƙi na gabatar. Bisa ga wannan littafin, sa'an nan akwai ba guda aiki na gwaninta, saboda "tarihi" ya kuma zama mai tushe labaru.

"Tarihi na Rasha Jihar" zama na farko da hikimar tantance aiki a kan Rasha tarihi. An kuma zama abin kõyi, kuma misali ga kara ci gaba da ban sha'awa a cikin tarihi a kasar.

Marubucin ya nace a kan tasiri na autocracy a matsayin kawai gaskiya hanyar rayuwa na jihar. Wannan ya sa hayaniya tsakanin masu sassaucin ra'ayi shiryayye ɓangare na yawan jama'a.