Renaissance (takaice). Taƙaitaccen bayanin da Renaissance

Tarihi na Renaissance zai fara a cikin XIV karni. Amma duk da haka wannan zamani ne ake kira da Renaissance. A Tarurrukan aka maye gurbinsu a Turai na da al'adu da kuma ya zama na riga na New Age al'adu. A Renaissance ƙare a XVI-XVII ƙarni, kamar yadda a kowace kasa shi yana da kwanan watan farawa da wani ƙarewa.

A bit na janar bayanai

Rarrabe fasali na Renaissance - shi ne anthropocentrism, cewa shi ne wani matsanancin sha'awa a cikin mutum a matsayin wani mutum da ya kasuwanci. Wannan kuma ya hada da wadanda mutane hali na al'adu. A cikin al'umma, akwai sha'awa a cikin zamanin da al'adu, akwai wani abu kamar ta "Renaissance". Saboda haka, a gaskiya, ya aikata sunan wannan muhimmanci lokaci. Shahararren Figures na Renaissance za a iya kira m Michelangelo, Nikkolo Makiavelli da kuma ko da yaushe rayuwa da Leonardo Vinci.

Renaissance (takaice asali siffofin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin) ya bar ta akida da kuma al'adu bugu a duk kasashen Turai. Amma a kowace kasa akwai mutum tarihi iyakoki zamanin. Kuma duk - saboda da unequal tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ci gaba.

Renaissance fito a Italiya. Ga farko da ãyõyin kasance bayyane a XIII-XIV ƙarni. Amma matabbata kawai a zamanin 20-ies na XV karni. A Jamus, Faransa da kuma sauran manyan kasashen Renaissance tashi yawa daga baya. A ƙarshen XV karni da dama da mafi flowering na Renaissance. Kuma a cikin gaba karni, ya ce rikicin na ideas wannan zamanin. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani ya faru auku Baroque da mannerism.

Menene wannan zamanin

A lokacin da Renaissance - wani lokaci a lõkacin da sauyin zai fara ne daga na da mulkin gargajiya al'umma zuwa bourgeois. Wannan shi ne mataki na tarihi, a lokacin da bourgeois-jari hujja dangantakar ba tukuna kafa, da kuma zamantakewa da mulkin gargajiya tushe an girgiza.

A lokacin da Renaissance, shi zai fara samar da wata al'umma. A wannan lokaci, ikon sarakuna, tare da goyon bayan talakawa} gudanar da cin nasara da ikon da mulkin gargajiya nobility. musamman daga ɓangaren da sharudda har zuwa wannan lokaci shi ne abin da ake kira jam'iyya, da ake kira jihar. Yanzu fa tashi manyan daular mulkinsu, Harsashin wanda suke kasa da tarihi da makoma.

A Renaissance ne halin da babban ci gaban da cinikayya tsakanin kasashe. A wannan lokacin, jajirce grand Voyages na samu. Renaissance ya zama lokacin da kayan yau da kullum na zamani kimiyya theories aka dage farawa. Saboda haka, akwai wani kimiyya da suka kasance sunã ƙirƙirãwa da kuma binciken. Da juyo ga bayyana tsari ne da aka gano na bugu. Kuma shi ke yadda ta haifar da Renaissance zamanin.

Sauran nasarorin da Renaissance

A Renaissance taƙaice halin high nasarori a wallafe-wallafe. Godiya ga zuwan buga shi samun yada wadanda yiwuwa, wanda ba zai iya ba da. Rubutun d¯a tashi kamar Phoenix daga toka fara da za a juya shi zuwa harsuna da yawa da kuma sake buga shi. Sun yi tafiya a duniya kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda abada. Ilmantarwa tsari ya zama sauƙin tare da ikon haifa a kan takarda da dama kimiyya nasarori da gwaninta.

Sabunta sha'awa cikin tsufa da kuma nazarin wannan lokaci za a nuna a kan addini da al'adu da halaye. Daga bakin Kaluchcho Salutatti, Chancellor na Florentine Jamhuriyar, sanya wata sanarwa cewa Littafi kõme ba ne fãce shayari. A cikin Renaissance Inquisition kai ganiya da ta aiki. Yana da alaka da cewa wannan babban nazari na zamanin d ayyukansu iya rushe bangaskiya cikin Yesu Kristi.

Early da High Renaissance

Features na Renaissance an sanya ta biyu lokaci na Renaissance zama. Saboda haka, cikin dukan zamanin, masana kimiyya ya kasu kashi Early da High Renaissance Revival. A farkon lokaci dade shekaru 80 - daga 1420 zuwa 1500. A wannan lokaci, da art aka ba tukuna gaba daya warware daga cikin saurã daga baya, amma sun yi kokarin hada su da abubuwa aro daga gargajiya tsufa. Kawai yawa daga baya, sannu a hankali sosai artists, ta hanyar tasirin da halin da canza yanayi na al'ada da kuma rayuwa, ki daga tsakiyar zamanai da kayan yau da kullum ba tare da wani twinge na sanin yakamata fara amfani da tsoho art.

Amma duk da wannan ke faruwa a Italiya. A sauran jihohi, da art na dogon lokaci da aka danganta da Gothic. Kawai a karshen cikin XV karni Renaissance fara a Spain da kuma a cikin kasashen ayi zuwa arewa na Alps. A nan, farkon mataki na epoch ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar XVI karni. Amma kome daraja da hankali ba a sanya a wannan lokaci.

A high Renaissance

Na biyu zamanin da Renaissance yana dauke da mafi m lokacin ta zama. High Renaissance ma dade shekaru 80 (1500-1580). A wannan lokacin, babban birnin kasar art ne Roma, ba Florence. Duk wannan ya yiwu saboda hawan zuwa kursiyin Paparoma Julius II. A wani m mutum. Ya kuma aka san shi da gaskiya da kuma harkokin kasuwanci da ruhu. Shi ne ya janyo hankalin wa kotu mafi kyau Italian artists. Lokacin da Julia II da kuma magajinsa gina wata babbar lamba na alfarma da sculpting wanda ya canja yarda da juna, sassaka, rubuta frescoes da kuma zane-zane, wanda har yanzu dauke Masterpieces na duniya al'ada.

Lokaci na Renaissance art

Renaissance ideas aka aiwatuwa a cikin art na cewa lokaci. Amma kafin mu yi magana game da art kanta, Ina son mu haskaka da babban saukarwa. Saboda haka, lura Protorenessans ko shigar da lokaci (kamar 1260-1320 shekaru) duecento (XIII v.) Trecento (XIV Art.) Kuma Quattrocento (XV Art.) Kuma Cinquecento (XVI Art.).

Hakika, da jerin da kan iyakoki na ƙarni ba quite dace up tare da takamaiman matakai na al'adu ci gaba. Protorenessans alama ƙarshen XIII karni, Early Renaissance ƙare a 1490, bi da bi, a matsayin High Renaissance ta kafe fita kafin 1530 ta. Kawai a Venice, ya ci gaba da zama har kafin karshen XVI karni.

Renaissance adabi

Renaissance adabi - wadannan m sunayen kamar yadda Shakespeare, Ronsard, Lorenzo Val, Petrarch, Du Bellay da sauransu. A lokacin da Renaissance kasida nuna nasarar bil'adama kan nasu shortcomings kuma kura-kuran da suka gabata. Mafi cigaban da aka da adabi na Jamus, Faransa, Ingila, Spain da kuma Italiya.

A English adabi da aka ƙwarai rinjayi da wakoki na Italiya da kuma na gargajiya ayyukansu. Thomas Ueyatt ya gabatar da sonnet tsari, wanda aka kyawawan azumi samun shahararsa. Har ila yau yana karɓa da hankali da kuma sonnet, halitta Earl na Surrey. Literary History of England fiye da a da yawa kama da Faransa adabi, ko da yake da kama shi ne kadan.

Jamus adabi na Renaissance da aka sani ga Schwanks bayyana a cikin wannan lokaci. Yana da ban sha'awa da kuma fun labarai cewa ana farko halitta a cikin nau'i na shayari, kuma daga baya - a litattafan. Sun tattauna game da rayuwa, game da rayuwar yau da kullum na talakawa mutane. Duk da wannan aka yi aiki a kan haske, m da kuma dage farawa-baya style.

Faransa Wallafe-wallafe, Spain da kuma Italiya

Faransa Renaissance adabi da aka alama ta sabon trends. Margarita Navarrskaya zama Patroness na ideas na canji da kuma humanism. A Faransa, da fore farko je kasa da kuma birane kerawa.

A Renaissance (a takaice shi za a iya samu a cikin labarin) a Spain ne zuwa kashi da dama lokuta: na farkon Renaissance, da High Renaissance da Baroque. Cikin zamanin da na kasar ya karu da hankali ga al'adu da kuma kimiyya. A Spain, masu tasowa, aikin jarida, akwai typography. Wasu marubuta intertwine addini da muradi da wadanda mutane ideas na humanism.

Wakilai na Italian Renaissance adabi ne Francesco Petrarca da Dzhovanni Bokkachcho. Sun kasance sũ ne na farko kasida ga daukaka da hotuna da kuma tunani ya fara bayyana outright maras ɗa'a harshe. Wannan} ir} ya yaba da rabõ mai girma da kuma ya yada zuwa sauran kasashe.

Renaissance da Art

Features na Renaissance - shi ne cewa jikin mutum ya zama farkon wata babbar wahayi da kuma batun nazari ga wannan lokaci artists. Saboda haka, girmamawa da aka bai wa kama da sassaka da kuma zanen da gaskiya. Babban fasali na Renaissance art da dangantaka da annũrin huska mai ladabi mallaka goga, inuwa wasan da haske fayyace a aiki da kuma m abun da ke ciki. Ga artists na Renaissance kasance babban images daga Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma mythology.

A cikin zanen da Renaissance kama da wani real mutum da ya kama a kan wani musamman zane shi ya yi kusa da cewa almara, hali ze rai. A ma'adanin na karni na ashirin, ba za a iya ce.

A Renaissance (taƙaice ta babban trends kayyade sama) tsinkãyi jikin mutum a matsayin iyaka farkon. Masana kimiyya da kuma artists aka kai a kai da inganta da basirarsu da kuma ilimi da nazari da mutum ta jiki. Sa'an nan kuma, ra'ayi gabãta cewa mutum an halitta da kamannin da kuma surar Allah. Wannan sanarwa nuna jiki da kamala. Babban da muhimmanci abubuwa na Renaissance art sun alloli.

A yanayi da kyau na jikin mutum

Renaissance art ya biya mai girma da hankali ga yanayi. A halayyar abubuwa na wuri mai faɗi da ya kasance da bambancin da lush ciyayi. Sama blue tint, wanda ya shiga cikin gindin rana ta haskoki, wanda shiga ta hanyar da fari girgije m backdrop ga tashin gwauron zabi tãlikai. Renaissance art rusunar da kyau na jikin mutum. Wannan shi ne musamman bayyanannu a cikin dabara abubuwa na tsokoki da kuma jiki. M hali, fuska da gestures, da tsari sosai, kuma hujjõji launi palette muhimmi kerawa na sculptors da sculptors na Renaissance lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da Titian, Leonardo Vinci, Rembrandt da sauransu.