Reflex - wani misali. Misalai na nakasar kuma tsiwirwirinsu, sharadi da unconditioned reflexes a jikin mutane da dabbobi

Our juyayi tsarin - wani hadadden tsari na hulda da neurons cewa aika hasken dake fitowa ta cikin kwakwalwa, da kuma ya, bi da bi, iko da dukan gabobin da kuma bayar da su tare da aiki. Wannan tsari ne yiwu godiya ga hulda da wani mutum asali indissoluble tsiwirwirinsu, da nakasar siffofin karbuwa - sharadi da unconditioned halayen. Reflex - shi ne mai m jiki ta mayar da martani ga wani yanayi ko samuwar kasashe. Wannan hadewa aikin na jijiya endings taimaka mana hulɗa tare da duniya. Man da aka haife tare da wani sa na sauki skills - wannan ne ake kira m reflex. Wani misali na wannan hali: da ikon da jariri ya tsotse cikin uwa tasa ta nono, hadiye abinci, Ƙibtawa.

The hali na mutum da dabba

Da zaran halitta mai rai da aka haife, shi yana bukatar wasu fasaha, wanda zai taimaka wajen samar da harshen damo. Da kwayoyin da aka rayayye adapting to duniya kewaye da su, cewa shi ne, shi samar da cikkaken kewayon niyya motor basira. Irin wannan dabarar da aka kira da hali na jinsi. Kowane mai rai kwayoyin ne muhimmi a kansa ya kafa halayen da kuma m reflexes wanda aka gada kuma ba ya canza cikin rayuwa. Amma hali kanta suna bambanta da da hanyar da ta aiwatar da aikace-aikace a cikin rayuwar: nakasar da kuma samu siffofin.

unconditioned reflexes

Masana kimiyya ce cewa m nau'i na hali ne da wani unconditioned reflex. An misali na irin wannan manifestations lura tun da haihuwa na mutum: sneezing, tari, yau hadiya, Ƙibtawa. Transmission wannan bayanai ne da za'ayi da gadon iyaye shirin cibiyoyin reflex arcs, wanda ke da alhakin dauki ga samuwar kasashe. Wadannan cibiyoyin suna located a cikin kwakwalwa kara ko laka. Unconditioned reflexes taimaka wani mutum zuwa da sauri da kuma daidai da amsa ga canje-canje a cikin external yanayi da kuma homeostasis. Irin wannan halayen da hujjõji gindaya dangane da nazarin halittu da bukatun.

• Abinci.
• Nuni.
• M.
• Sex.

Dangane da nau'in, talikan ne muhimmi a cikin daban-daban halayen da duniya kewaye da mu, amma duk dabbobi, ciki har da mutane, da tsotsa al'ada. Idan ka sa wani jariri ko wani jariri dabba da nono uwa a cikin kwakwalwa, za ka nan da nan fara da dauki da kuma ciyar tsari. Wannan shi ne wani unconditioned reflex. Misalai na cin cuta an gaji a duk halittun da samun gina jiki daga uwa tasa ta madara.

tsaron gida halayen

Wadannan iri halayen zuwa waje samuwar kasashe suna gaji da ake kira halitta gabbai. Juyin Halitta kafa a mu da bukatar su kare kansu da kuma kula da kansa tsaro domin tsira. Saboda haka, mun koya wa instinctively amsa kiran hadari, kuma shi ne mai cikakkar jerk. Misali: Shin, ba ka lura da yadda shugaban ne deflected, idan a kan shi wani ya tashe dunkulallen hannu? Lokacin da ka taba zafi surface, kana da hannu kõma bijirẽwa. Wannan hali da aka kira ilhami na kai-tsare ne da wuya mutum a cikin hankalinsu yi ƙoƙari mu yi tsalle daga tsawo ko ci wanda ba a sani berries a cikin gandun daji. Kwakwalwa nan da nan ya fara aiwatar da bayanai aiki, wanda zai bayyana shi ko yana da daraja risking your rayuwa. Kuma idan ka ko da tunanin cewa ba ka tunani game da shi, da tauhid ne jawo nan da nan.

Gwada motsi da yatsa ga Dabino da jariri, da kuma ya nan da nan yayi kokarin ansu rubuce-rubucen da shi. Irin wannan reflexes aka bada haske ƙarni, duk da haka, shi ne a yanzu a fasaha your yaro ne ba sosai zama dole. Har ma a cikin m mutane Toddler clinging mahaifiyarta, da haka sai ta suka jure. Akwai sume, kuma m martani, wanda ya bayyana dangane da dama kungiyoyin na neurons. Alal misali, idan wata guduma buga a kan gwiwa, shi twitches - misali dvuhneyronnogo reflex. A wannan yanayin, shiga cikin aminci biyu neurons da kuma aika wata sigina a cikin kwakwalwa, haifar da martani ga wani waje mai kara kuzari.

jinkirta dauki

Duk da haka, ba duk unconditioned reflexes bayyana kansu nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Wasu faruwa kamar yadda ake bukata. Alal misali, a jariri kusan bai sani ba yadda za a kewaya a sarari, amma bayan game da mako biyu, ya fara amsa ga waje samuwar kasashe - shi ne unconditioned reflex. Misali: da yaro zai fara rarrabe uwar ta da murya, m noises, haske launuka. Duk wadannan dalilai sun janyo hankalin da hankali - fara da nunawa a ƙiyashi fasaha. Involuntary da hankali ne masomin a cikin samuwar kara kuzari kima: wani jariri ya fara fahimtar cewa a lokacin da uwa magana da shi, kuma yanã tafiya a kan ga shi, mafi m, zai dauki shi up ko ciyar. Wannan shi ne, mutum na suranta wani hadadden tsari na hali. Ya makoki jawo hankali ga shi, da kuma ya yi amfani sane da wannan dauki.

jima'i reflex

Amma wannan reflex nufin da sume da kuma mika wuyansu, shi ne da nufin a procreation. Yana auku a mafarki, cewa shi ne kawai lokacin da jiki na shirye procreation. Masana kimiyya da'awar cewa wannan reflex ne daya daga cikin karfi, shi kayyade hali na hadaddun rayayyun kwayoyin da baya triggers wani ilhami kare su matasa. Duk da cewa duk wadannan halayen da farko peculiar ga mutum, suna gudu a cikin wani musamman jerin.

sharadi reflexes

Bugu da kari ga Ilhamin halayen da muka mallaka a haihuwa, mutum na bukatar, da kuma wasu masu basira domin mafi daidaita da zuwa duniya a kusa da su. An samo hali da aka kafa a duka biyu dabbobi da mutane cikin rayuwa, shi ne ake kira sabon abu na "sharadi reflexes". Misalai: a gaban abinci can salivation, batun rage cin abinci akwai wani ji yunwa a wasu lokuta na yini. Irin wannan sabon abu ne generated da ta wucin gadi dangane tsakanin cibiyar analyzer (wari ko hangen nesa) da kuma cibiyar na unconditioned reflex. Waje mai kara kuzari zama alama ga wani musamman mataki. Kayayyakin images, sauti, wari iya samar da wata barga dangane da haifar da sabon reflexes. A lokacin da wani gani a lemun tsami, iya fara salivating, kuma tare da kaifi wari, ko bimbinin wani m kwarewa tashin zuciya hotuna - misalai na sharadi reflexes a cikin mutane. Ka lura da cewa wadannan halayen na iya zama mutum ga kowane mai rai kwayoyin, wucin gadi dangane kafa a cerebral bawo, kuma ka aika da alama a lokacin da akwai wani waje mai kara kuzari.

A tsawon rayuwar da sharadi halayen iya faruwa da kuma bace. Duk abin dogara a kan mutum ta bukatun. Alal misali, yaro yaro amsa don duba kwalban da madara, da sanin cewa wannan abinci. Amma lokacin da jariri samun mazan, ya ba zai zama batun samar da wani image abinci, shi zai amsa da cokali, kuma farantin.

gadar hali

Kamar yadda muka gani, unconditioned reflexes aka gada daga kowane jinsi na abubuwa masu rai. Amma da sharadi halayen shafi kawai hadaddun mutum hali, amma ba a daukar kwayar cutar zuwa zuriyarsa. Kowane kwayoyin "adapts" ta musamman halin da ake ciki da kuma hakikanin kewaye da shi. Misalai na nakasar reflexes ba bace cikin rayuwar: cin abinci, hadiya, a dauki ga dandano halaye na samfurin. A sharadi samuwar kasashe suna kullum canja dangane da mu da bayananku da shekaru: wani yaro da wani abun wasa baby fuskantar m motsin zuciyarmu a kan aiwatar da girma dauki aka sa, misali, na gani images fina-finan.

Da halayen da dabbobi

A dabbobi, kamar yadda a cikin mutane, akwai m mika wuyansu da halayen, reflexes kuma samu dukan rayuwarsa. Baya daga cikin ilhami na kai-tsare, da kuma samar da abinci, halittu masu rai ma daidaita da yanayi. Sun nuna a dauki ga sunan (dabbobi), a karkashin maimaita hankali reflex bayyana.

Wurare da dama a gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa yana yiwuwa domin qarfafa a Pet yawa halayen zuwa waje samuwar kasashe. Alal misali, idan kowane abinci ya tuna min da kare kararrawa ko wani sigina, shi zai yi wani m ji halin da ake ciki, da kuma ya nan da nan zai amsa. A kan aiwatar da horo domin gabatarwa na Pet kashe umurnin haifar da wani fi so delicacy sharadi martani, tafiya da kare da kuma irin leash sakonni game da sananne outing, inda ya defecate - misalai martani a dabbobi.

summary

A juyayi tsarin kullum aika sakonni ga kwakwalwa suna da yawa, sun samar da da hali na mutane da dabbobi. A m aiki na neurons damar domin yawan ayyuka da kuma amsa waje samuwar kasashe, taimaka wa mafi daidaita da wa duniya kewaye da mu.