Ivan Kotlyarevsky, "Aeneid": tarihin rubuce-rubuce da kuma a takaice

Modern Ukrainian harshe iya ba da sun wanzu idan ba don Ivan Kotlyarevsky, wanda ya rubuta wani ban mamaki m waka "Aeneid." Saboda wannan samfurin na rai harshe na Ukrainian mutane karshe an canjawa wuri zuwa ga littafin shafukan. Amma ba kawai cewa ya janyo "Aeneid" masu karatu, da kuma mai ban al'ajabi labarin da gaisuwa da kuma haske, da-wajabta haruffa.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky: a takaice biography

Haife Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky a Poltava, a cikin iyali na ofishin magatakarda, a cikin watan Satumba 1769.

Da yaron ya goma sha, ya aka aika zuwa karatu a seminary. Bayan karatu Ivan Kotlyarevsky aikatãwa wani rai ta wajen ba zaman kansa darussan da zuriya daga cikin gida gentry. A kadan daga baya, ya lashe kujerar a Poltava Office kuma yi aiki a can game da shekaru hudu.

A lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki Kotlyarevsky rayayye halarci kewaye da Ismã'ĩla da aka ma bayar da wani girmamawa samu lambar. Bayan yaki, ya yi ritaya da kuma mayar da su zuwa Poltava.

Lokacin Ivan Petrovich thirties, ya karbi wani Ranger a daya daga Poltava makarantu domin yara daga matalauta daraja iyalan da suka ba zai iya biya domin da karatu a manyan makarantu cancanci su matsayi.

A lokacin da Franco-Russian War of 1812 Kotlyarevsky rayayye halarci tsaro na Poltava, samu izinin shirya sojojin na cikin gida matasa Cossack rajimanti.

Bayan yaki, ya zama sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo. A 1816 da ya zama shugaban da Free Theater Poltava. Saboda da rashin nagari sharhin ya dauki up rubuce. Saboda haka guda biyu zo daga alkalami: "Natalka Poltavka" da "Moskal Charіvnik".

A cikin shekaru 69 da shekaru mutu Kotlyarevsky. Binne shi a Poltava.

A tarihin rubuce-rubuce "Aeneid"

Ko a lokacin da yake aikin soja a Ivan Petrovich da ra'ayin rubuta waka game da Cossacks. Sanin da na gargajiya adabi, kazalika da mallakan girma iyawa rhyme, na yanke shawarar dangane da labarin "The Aeneid" Roman mawãƙi Virgil don ƙirƙirar nasu aikin Kotlyarevsky.

"Aeneid" Virgil ke 'yan shekarun baya sun riga an fassara a cikin harshen Rashanci a wani wajen free-style Rasha marubuci Nikolai Osipov, abin da wahayi Kotlyarevskogo. Duk da haka, Ivan juya da gwarzo Iniyasu a Cossack, da kuma sosai waka da aka rubuta talakawa conversational jawabin, wanda in Ukrainian adabi ba daya kafin shi ba.

A 1798, a St. Petersburg ga hasken na farko uku sassa na waka. "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo nan take tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa ba kawai ta labarin, amma kuma yaji dara, wanda mawãƙi kariminci kawota aikinsa janyo hankalin masu karatu. Bugu da kari, rubuta in Ukrainian harshe, shi ne m ga Rasha-magana jama'ar na kasar.

Cikakken waka da aka ba a buga ba har sai da mawãƙi ta mutuwa a 1842. Abin lura shi ne cewa na karshe uku na style da kuma mutumci daban-daban daga na farko, da suka ji a wasu "maturing" Kotlyarevskogo.

"Aeneid": a takaice na farko, na biyu da na uku sassa

A kashi na farko na wani jarumi Cossack Iniyasu bayan halakar da 'yan qasar na Troy a kan shawara na tsohuwarsa, da aljanna Venus (marigayi mahaifinsa ya sau daya taimaka mata lashe wani misãli ba a sauran alloli) da aka aika zuwa ga Trojans a cikin sabuwar ƙasar don tabbatar da mulkinsa a can. Duk da haka, Juno, Iniyasu ƙin iyali (ta kasance daga mãsu hasãra na allahiya Venus), yana kokarin gyara da gwarzo dukan barna. Amma Venus, koka ga ubansa Zeus san cewa Iniyasu qaddara mai girma makoma - ya za a yi wanda ya kafa mulki mai girma.

A halin yanzu Iniyasu da sahabbansa zo a Carthage, inda da kõfatansu a kan duwatsu Cossack da dama sarauniya Dido. A ta makamai da gwarzo manta game da kome, kuma game da bakin ciki da kuma mai girma a nan gaba. Sa'an nan Zeus aika shi Mercury, wanda ya tilasta Iniyasu barin masõyansa. Dido, iya kai irin wannan cin amana, ya kashe kansa.

A kashi na biyu na Juno wayo Trojan sa mata ƙone da jirãge, yayin da maza idi a Sicily. Duk da haka, da waɗansu abũbuwan bautãwa aika ruwan sama a kan fatawar da Iniyasu, da jirãge kasance m. Ba da da ewa mafarki zo zuwa Iniyasu marigayi mahaifin Anchises kuma ya nemi ganin shi a cikin Jahannama.

A cikin uku na Iniyasu bayan wani dogon bincike da kuma da taimakon da Sibyl ne hanya zuwa jahannama. Bayan gani da azabar underworld kuma gana da rai daga cikin matattu compatriots, kuma Dido da mahaifinta, gwarzo da tsada, da kyautai, m annabce-annabce da ke kashe sake.

"Æneid" Takaitacciyar ta huɗu ta biyar da ta shida rabo (rubuta da yawa daga baya)

A cikin rubu'in Iniyasu filafili zuwa tsibirin sarki Latina. Ga shi yana farawa da wani abota da shi, da kuma ya ake shirin ba ga wani kyau sabon makwabcin ya kyau ya Lavinia. Duk da haka, tsohon saurayi girls - King Thurn - tare da taimakon na ubiquitous Juno fara wani yaki da Latina. A halin yanzu, insidious wayo aljanna buga Latina matarsa kan Trojans, kuma suna shirya don yaki.

A karo na biyar na Venus Maigirma ya kwadaitar da Allah-Smith Vulcan yi wani babban makami domin Eneya. Don lashe yaki, da Trojans suna tambayar taimako daga makwabciyar al'umma. Juno yayi kashedin Turna fara lokaci Iniyasu hari. A biyu Trojan warriors - Kasa da Euryalus - asirce Sneak cikin zangon maqiya da kuma kashe da yawa abokan adawar, haka kashe kansu. Ba da da ewa Trojans sarrafa biya Turna jirgin.

A karshe ɓangare na waka, Zeus sani game da antics daga cikin allolin, da kuma haramta musu daga tsoma baki a cikin rabo na Iniyasu. Duk da haka, Juno, Zeus zo wa mijinta, bugu da drugged shi. Kuma bayan ta amfani da dabaru da ceto daga lalata yawon shakatawa. Iniyasu ya amince da Thurn da kuma Latin a kan wani m yaki, abin da ya kamata sanin sakamakon yakin. Juno aka fafitikar ya hallaka Iniyasu, amma Zeus kama ta da kuma hana sa baki, ya kara da cewa, bayan mutuwar Iniyasu, zai kasance tare da su a bisa Dutsen Olympus. Iniyasu galaba Turnus gaskiya da kuma bayan wasu giga kashe shi.

Haruffa "Aeneid"

Babban gwarzo na waka ne ɗan Venus da Anchises Sarkin Troy - Iniyasu. Ya kasance mai jarumi Cossack, m, niyya kuma gwani jarumi, amma ba shi da dan hanya zuwa adam rauni. Saboda haka, Iniyasu ne ba ƙi abin sha da kuma daukar yawo tare da abokai. Shi ne kuma mai saukin kamuwa zuwa na mata kyakkyawa. An al'amarinsu tare da Sarauniyar Dido, Iniyasu manta da dukan kõme. Amma daga baya sauƙi jefa shi a kan umarni na alloli. Duk da dukan da shortcomings, idan kana bukatar ka, Iniyasu ne iya nuna da kuma diflomasiyya, da kuma resourcefulness. Wannan shi ne dukan waka "Aeneid" da aka gina a kusa da wannan hali.

wasu haruffa ne ba kamar yadda mai haske a cikin waka. Alal misali, a cikin nau'i na Dido aiwatuwa da classic mace. Ta shi ne kaifin baki, funny da aiki tukuru, amma bar wata gwauruwa, mafarkai da wani karfi mutum kafada. Bayan kama zuciya na Iniyasu, Sarauniyar fara nuna hali kamar matarsa a comedies: kishi da suka kwaɓe shi.

Latin sarakuna da Thurn da m haruffa. Da farko m da matsorata, kokarin kauce wa yaki ta kowane hali. Na biyu, a kan m, m, pompous da kuma girman kai. Saboda wannan bombast shi sauƙi zai yiwu a yi amfani da Juno.

Na musamman sha'awa ne da harafin Latina matarsa - Sarauniya Amata. Mace dace Turnu - guda girman kai, kuma pompous. Amma ta wuce yarda da kaifin baki da kuma wayo. Duk da haka, kamar Dido, tun auku cikin soyayya, ya fara yin wawanci.

Sananne ne haruffa na biyu Trojans Cossacks - Nisa, kuma Euryale. Da hadaya da rayukansu, sun hallaka wani yawa na abokan gaba. Yana yiwuwa halittar wadannan hotuna ya yi amfani da tunanin na Rasha-Turkish yaki Kotlyarevsky.

"Aeneid" ba abu mai yiwuwa ba tare da leoyan-alloli. A farko daga cikinsu shi ne rundunar m aljanna Juno Olympus - da babban abokin hamayyarsa na Iniyasu. Ta ƙin dukan zuciyata da protagonist, mafarki ya lemun tsami. Don cimma burin, Juno shirye su yi wani abu da ba su ma daina zuwa baro-baro haramta miji. Duk da haka, duk da dukan da artifices, annabcin zo gaskiya a kan Iniyasu.

Wani heroine aljanna "Aeneid" - Venus. Da yake wajen dissolute, allahiya haka behaves kamar real kula mahaifiyarsa. Da ta ke da babban tsawo ya taimake ta Iniyasu: sãɓa wa Juno, aman wuta lures da kuma wani lokacin yin jayayya da Zeus.

Zeus a cikin "Aeneid" ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin gargajiya sarki - ya likes sha da kuma shakata. Duk da gargadi, da aljanna da wuya saurare shi, kokarin samun ya detours, da taimakon da cin hanci da kuma sadarwa.

Translation of "Aeneid" a Rasha

Yau, akwai da yawa muhawara a kan ko harshe a cikin abin da aka rubuta "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo. Saboda haka, wasu mutane bisa kuskure yi imani da cewa Ivan Petrovich ya rubuta na farko waka a Rasha, kuma daga baya ya yi fassara. "Aeneid", duk da haka, aka zahiri da aka rubuta a cikin Ukrainian (Little Rasha, kamar yadda suka ce), amma a matsayin mai raba haruffa bai kasance a can, marubucin amfani da haruffa na Rasha.

Amma cikakken translation na "Aeneid" a Rasha Kotlyarevskogo aiwatar I. Brazhnin.

Af, ba dame aikin Osipova kuma daya cewa rubuta Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" a kowane daga cikin mawallafa - a raba, m aiki. Duk da haka, a lokacin da rubutu da kuma Osipov, kuma Kotlyarevsky amfani da primary tushen Virgil waka.

Bayan shekaru, da yawa daga cikin kalmomi, events, abubuwa, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru da aka ambata a cikin "Aeneid" rasa ta munasaba, idan ba sunk zuwa gushewa, don haka na zamani masu karatu ba su sani ba duk abin da aka bayyana a cikin waka Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" Yanzu ga alama ya zama kamar wani fun waka tare da tsohon la'ana. Amma ta har yanzu ya kasance da aka fi so daga duk Ukrainians, kuma ba kawai su.