"Rayuwar Klim Samgin": taƙaitacciyar taƙaitaccen labari

A cikin wannan labarin mun juya zuwa littafin "Life of Klim Samgin." A taƙaice shi zai kasance babban batunmu. Amma na farko, bari muyi magana game da tsari da zane na aikin.

Game da aikin

"Rayuwar Klim Samgin" an dauke shi litattafan litattafai kuma an dauke shi babban aikin Maxim Gorky. Wannan aikin ya ƙunshi littattafai 4, waɗanda aka rubuta daga 1925 zuwa 1936 (shekarar mutuwar marubuta).

Ma'anar aikin "Life of Klim Samgin" (taƙaitacciyar taƙaice a kasa), in ji Gorky kansa, shine ya nuna jaruntaka mai hikima, wanda yake da yawa a lokacin juyin juya halin farko na 1907. Wadannan mutane sun fara goyon baya ga ma'aikata da yunkuri na juyin juya hali, amma ya fahimci cewa basu kasance a hanya tare da sabon Soviet Rasha. Babban burin shine ya nuna dalilin rashin kafircin matsayin su a matsayin ƙungiyar superclass.

A cikin sauƙi, Gorky ya nuna wani mai hankali wanda ya yi tafiya daga juyin juya halin zuwa wani dan gudun hijira.

Maxim Gorky, "Rayuwar Klim Samgin": taƙaitacce

A cikin Ivan Akimovich Samgin, mai basirar hankali, an haifi ɗa. Mahaifina ya yanke shawarar ba shi ɗan gida da sabon abu, a cikin ra'ayinsa, suna - Gwanon, wanda ya sa yaron ya zama na musamman a tsakanin sauran yara - Lyuba Somova, mahaifinsa likita ne; Boris, Varvara da Lydia, 'ya'yan Varavka Lodger; Igor Turoboev, wanda, tare da Boris, ya yi karatu a makarantar soja; Alina Telepneva da Konstantin Makarov, abokai a gymnasium; Orphan Ivan Dronov, wanda ya zauna tare da Samgins. Tsakanin Klim da waɗannan yara haɗin haɗakarwa ya haɓaka, yayin da yaro yana ƙoƙari ya fita waje, ya bambanta da sauran mutane. Boris babban babban abokin gaba shi ne Boris. Abokan su ba su ci gaba ba sai Boris, tare da Varvara, sun lalace - 'ya'yan sun fadi a cikin kankara lokacin da suke kyan gani.

Nazarin yanayi a gymnasium. A wannan lokacin, shine ya fara nasara da mata. Mahaifiyar yaron ya lura da wannan, ya yanke shawarar cin hanci ga Rita, don haka yaron na farko ya kasance "lafiya". Rita ta yarda, ko da yake tana da ƙaunar Doronov. Dukkan wannan an san shi zuwa Sauke. Wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa matashi yana jin dadin duk mata, ko da a mahaifiyarsa.

Makarov ya yi ƙaunar Lidia, amma bayan ya yi gwagwarmaya da yarinyar ya yanke shawarar kashe kansa. Samghin tana kula da shi don ya ceci abokinsa, wanda daga baya ya damu - yana son Lida kansa.

Dalibai

Na yi ƙoƙarin bayyana ainihin hankalin da nake da shi a lokacin jarida M. Gorky ("Life of Klim Samgin"). Binciken (kashi 1 an saita a sama) ya nuna yadda marubuci ya gudanar da wannan, duk da cewa halinsa yana ƙoƙari ya dubi na musamman.

Sauyin yanayi ya tafi St Petersburg bayan kammala karatun daga gymnasium. A gare shi, lokacin ya zama dalibi. Samgin yana da sabon layi na lambobin sadarwa, wanda ya hada da: Dmitry, ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwan Klim, dalibi wanda ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar juyin juya hali; Seraphim Nekhaeva, wanda yake da wani rauni ga kowane abu ya lalata; Marina Premium; Kutuzov, Bolshevik na gaba da kuma mai juyi mai karfi, kamar Lenin; Vladimir Liutov, wanda ya zo daga kasuwa, dalibi ne; Elizabeth Spivak da mijinta-mawaƙa. Duk da haka, a cikin sabon kamfani ya yi ƙoƙari ya bambanta, ya buɗe duk abin da yayi bincike mai zurfi. Domin wannan sababbin abokai sun sanya shi "mai hankali".

Lyutov yana da ƙaunar Alina Telepnev mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya fara yarda da zama matarsa, sa'an nan kuma ya ƙi saboda ta ƙaunaci Turboeva. A nan an nuna ma'anar kishi tsakanin mai ba da aiki (Lyutov) da kuma wanda aka yi wa matalauta (Turboev).

Ƙaya a ƙasar da rashin cin nasara a cikin ƙauna

Sauyin yanayi a cikin kasar tare da sauran sanannun dangin Petersburg. Abubuwa masu yawa game da yanayin siyasa da falsafa na ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na ashirin za'a iya koya daga littafin "Life of Klim Samgin." Synopsis da sura ta bayyana matasa tsara muhawara game da West kuma Rasha, a kan falsafar Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci. Ya nuna cewa Lyutov dan Rasha ne. Samghin yayi ƙoƙari ya dauki matsayi na fannin ilimin falsafa a cikin waɗannan rigingimu, amma a ƙarshe ya ɗauki babu wani. A lokaci guda, Gudun yayi ƙoƙarin furta wa Lydia cewa yana ƙaunarta, amma an ƙi shi.

Samghin ke zuwa Moscow. A nan ya sadu da sababbin mutane, masana kimiyya na Moscow, wadanda suka bambanta da sunan '' Rasha '' daga St. Petersburg. Daga cikinsu: Uncle Chrysanthus, Bitrus Marakuev, Varvara Antipova da Semion Diomidov.

A cikin gidan Liutov yana da binge, inda Yegor Ipatyevsky, wani dikon-rasstriga, ya karanta waqansa game da Vaska, Kristi da kuma "maras tabbas". Ma'anar su yana nuna cewa har ma a ƙiyayyar Almasihu hidima ne. Lyutov yana sha'awar ayoyi. Har ila yau, yanayin yana jin dadi.

Nicholas I ya zo, bayan abin da ya faru a cikin Khodynka Field, inda mutane da yawa suka raunata lokacin da aka yi bikin. Samghin ya dubi taron kuma yana tunani game da rashin daraja na mutum a yayin da ake daukar hankali.

Akwai rushewa tsakanin Tsarin da Lydia, bayan yarinyar ta bar Paris. Samgin ya je wani nuni na masana'antu a Nizhny Novgorod. A nan ya sadu da Inokov, wani mawallafi da jarida mai haske.

New saba da

A matsayin mai goyon baya ga juyin juya halin, Gorky ya sanya takaddama a cikin aikinsa. "Rayuwar Klim Samgin" (taƙaitaccen littattafai za a iya samuwa a cikin wannan labarin) - aikin game da gaskiyar cewa mutumin da ba shi da cikakkiyar tabbaci kuma baya cikin wata ƙungiyar jama'a ba zai iya cimma wani abu a rayuwa ba.

Clim ya hadu da Tomilny, wanda ya tabbata cewa hanya zuwa gaskiya ta kasance ta rashin bangaskiya. Wannan Nietzschean yayi tunani ya kasance kusa da Samghin. Gwarzo ya san masaniyar magajin lardin Kozlov, masanin sarauta da mai kulawa, wanda ya musanta juyin juya halin da ruhun juyin juya hali.

Samghin ya sadu da Kutuzov, wanda yake da tabbacin cewa Kozlov, ko da yake ya bi da ra'ayi. Kutuzov ya ce intelligentsia "masu juyi ne daga rashin karfin zuciya". A gida, ana binciken Klim, bayan haka jaridar ta yi magana da Popov, kyaftin din gendarme. Sojoji sun ba shi fahimtar cewa Sauyin yanayi ba zai zama mai juyi ba.

Rikicin farko da rikici na Moscow

An gabatar da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin littafin "Life of Klim Samgin" zuwa Moscow (taƙaitaccen bayani). A nan, Klim yana aiki tare da shugabannin masu fasaha - Tagilsky da Preis. Ya zo Kutuzov, kusa da abin da Samghin ya gane cewa ainihin juyin juya halin yana shiryawa daga gare shi da kuma mafi kusantar ilimi. Makarov yayi magana akan koyarwar falsafar NF. Fedorov da kuma wurin mata a tarihi.

Vyborg ya mutu Ivan Akimovich, mahaifin Klim. Samghin ya je jana'izar kuma ya sadu da ɗan'uwansa. An kama Somov da Klim. Bayan yin tambayoyi a 'yan sanda, ana ba da Samghin don zama mai sanar da shi. Halin ya ƙi, amma yana da tunanin cewa ya yi kuskure. Samgin da Varvara Antipova suna da wani al'amari, bayan haka yarinya dole ne a yi zubar da ciki.

Harkokin dalibi ya fara a Moscow. Samghin yana cikin taron kusa da Manezh, yana jin tsoro. Ya sami ceto daga wakilin 'yan sanda Mitrofanov. Haske ya tafi ƙauyen, inda ya shaida wa yan kasuwa. Gwarzo ya nuna jin tsoron mutanen ƙasar.

Rashin tashin hankali a Moscow ya ci gaba. Girin ya shiga wani al'amari tare da Nikonova, wanda ya juya ya zama mai sanar da 'yan sanda.

Juyin juyin juya hali na 1905

Tsanani canja da Kazamin Lahadi (Janairu 9, 1905) A Life of Klim Samghin. Takaitaccen babanin ya fada mana cewa Samghin ya fara yin tunani akan goyon bayan juyin juya hali. Haske ya kasance a kurkuku, ana zargin shi ne na juyin juya hali.

Yunkuri na 1905 ya fara. Samghin yana cikin Moscow. A nan Somova ya fara tsarin kungiyar sanitary, inda zai yiwu ya taimaka wa wadanda aka ji rauni. Haske ya yi farin ciki da goyon bayan Kutuzov da juyin juya halin - "bari duk abin da ke tashi zuwa jahannama." Duk da haka, ya fahimci cewa abin da ke faruwa yana rinjayar bukatunsa. Turoboev ya kashe shi. Makarov ya fahimci matsalar ruhaniya na masu fasaha. An yi jana'izar Turoboev. Samghin, Alina Telepneva, Lyutov da Makarov suna cikin mummunar yanayi, daga cikinsu ne aka ceto su ta hanyar barawo Sasha Sudakov da Black Hundreds.

Rus'gorod

Wani bayanin fara daga abubuwan da suka faru a cikin juyin halitta The Life of Klim Samgin. Wani taƙaitacciyar taƙaitaccen bayanin ya nuna Klim, wanda ya sami kansa a tsakiyar batutuwan da suka faru - a barricades. Rundunar 'yan juyin juya hali tana jagorantar Comrade Yakov. A cikin idanu na jarumi akwai hukuncin kisa na kamfanin Mitrofanov. Sa'an nan kuma ya ga mutuwar Anfimovna. Girin tare da tsoro ya gane cewa ya zama marar amfani da kariya ga abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi.

Klimov tafi Rusgorod a madadin Kutuzov - kana buƙatar tattara kudi ga Bolsheviks. A kan jirgin ya tattauna da wani mashawarci, ya gaya mana yadda yake harba mutane a kan umarni.

Ganawar ta hadu da Marina Zotova, wata mace ce mai arziki da ta ba da kanta ga mutanen da ke da hanyar tunani. Ta yi imanin cewa dalilin yunkurin juyin juya hali shi ne cewa masanan basu san mutane ba kuma basu san shi ba. A nan, tare da masaniyar mazaunan Marina, Samghin ƙarshe ya zama tabbata cewa yana da nisa daga "abubuwan mutane" kuma an sake shi daga gare ta. Girman ya zama shaida ga kisan gwamna marar kyau.

Lydia ya dawo ne daga ƙasashen waje, Samghin ƙarshe yana jin kunya a cikinta.

Kasashen waje

Zuwa cikakkiyar sakamako mai mahimmanci ya kawo jaruminsa M. Gorky. Rayuwar Klim Samgin (wani taƙaitaccen wannan ya tabbatar) yana faruwa a kasashen waje. Da farko ya tafi Berlin, inda aka shawo kan shi ta rashin haushi. Sa'an nan yanayi ya hadu da su a Switzerland tare da mahaifiyarsa, amma ya gane cewa sun zama baki. Samghin ya kasance gaba daya kadai. Labarin ya fito daga Geneva - Liutov ya kashe kansa.

A birnin Paris, yanayin ya hadu da Marina Zotova. Berdnikov da Popov sun bayar da shawarar cewa Samghin ta zama wakili na asiri ga mace, ta yi alkawarin albashi mai kyau, amma jarumi ya ƙi.

Komawa

Babu shakka Gorky ya wakilci mutum marar ganewa kuma mai ban mamaki. "Rayuwar Klim Samgin," taƙaitacciyar taƙaitacciyar hujja ce, wani bayanin ne game da bala'in da ya faru da masu fasaha yayin juyin juya hali.

Haske, da ganin cewa ya ƙaura ne kawai a ƙasashen waje, yana dawowa zuwa Rasha. Sun kashe Marina Zotov. A lokacin da aka kashe shi, Bezbedova da ake zargi da laifi, wanda aka kashe a kurkuku kafin a fara fitinar.

Varvara yana mutuwa. A Moscow, Samghin yana ƙoƙarin tsara jaridar jarrabawa mai zaman kanta. Labarin LN mutuwa ya zo. Tolstoy, wanda ke damuwa da tsoratar da kowa da kowa.

Yakin duniya na farko

"Life of Klim Samgin" ya zo ga ƙarshe (an bayar da taƙaitaccen sashi a sassa a sama). Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya farke, wanda a cikin littafin ya nuna halakar tunanin mutum. Samghin ke zuwa Borovichi zuwa gaba. A nan ne ya san Laftenant Petrov, wanda ya zama misali na ragowar jami'an sojan. An tabbatar da fadawar rundunar sojojin ta hanyar rikici na Taghilsky da wani jami'in fushi.

Girin ya dawo daga gaba. Ga ya da dama da maraice zuwa Leonid Andreev, wanda ya ce mutane za su za a sõyayya kawai a lokacin da suka gane cewa shi kadai a duniya.

Ya fara a 1917, kuma da shi Fabrairu juyin juya halin. Maganar babban hali ya kasance marar ganewa, tun lokacin da littafin yana da mafita na budewa. Zai yiwu wannan shi ne saboda mutuwar Gorky da kansa, wanda bai taba gudanar da aikin mafi kyawun rai ba.

Ta haka ne ya ƙare littafin "Life of Klim Samgin" (taƙaitaccen). "Brifly" - hanya wadda za ka iya karanta dukan aikin.