Potassium carbonate

Daga cikin rauni carbonic acid (shi ne kadan resistant da kuma iya kawai wanzu a tsarma mafita) ta maida martani da alkalis da acidic matsakaici samu salts ana in ba haka ba ya kira bicarbonates da carbonates, bi da bi. Reaction lissafai za a iya rubuta: H2CO3 + Koh → KHCO3 + H2O da H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. A farko jũya daga potassium hydrogencarbonate, da kuma na biyu - potassium carbonate. Formula acid gishiri - KHCO3, da kuma talakawan - K2CO3. Matauni taro na potassium carbonate daidai 138,2 g / mole. A bayyanar da kama gishiri fari crystalline foda, wanda ba combustible, ya narke a 891 C, ba tare da kai tafasar batu, da gishiri decomposes. Potassium carbonate hygroscopic, readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa: 100 ml a 20 ° C - 110,5 g, da kuma a 100 C - 156 g na gishiri. Amma a wani barasa ko acetone, wannan abu bai soke.

A cikin tsohon zamanin potassium carbonate, kira potash, da kalma zo daga Latin sunan «potassa». Potash ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin gishiri, wanda aka sani ga mutanen da dadewa. A Turai, har zuwa cikin karni na ƙarshe, potash ya kasance daya daga cikin muhimman sinadarai da kasuwanci darajar. A Rasha, domin samar da potash da Bitrus da Great a 1721, kenkenewa da aka kafa. A halin yanzu, yankin na Rasha Federation, kazalika a Armenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan ne sinadaran ta rufe babbar hanyar daidaitaccen Gost 10690-73. Potash da dangantaka, bisa ga Gost 12.1.005-88 zuwa uku Hazard aji abubuwa, a lamba tare da mucous membranes ko m fata sa hangula.

Idan mix na potassium carbonate da ruwa, sa'an nan mai yawa zafi a lokacin ta faru, Ina nufin K2CO3 hydrolysis dauki exothermic, da kuma karkashin mataki na ruwa da samuwar sabon abubuwa. Dibasic gishiri na carbonic acid ne hydrolyzed stepwise. Da farko kafa acid gishiri: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + Koh. Sa'an nan, da mataki na biyu fitowa talauci ruwa bazuwar riga acid gishiri: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + Koh. Tun lokacin da hydrolysis na potassium carbonate kazalika da sauran salts na rauni acid Saide tare da samuwar hydroxyl ions OH-, PH na ruwa-ruwa mafita ne ko da yaushe mafi girma daga 7, da kuma matsakaici ne alkaline.

Potash a cikin 17th karni a Rasha da aka samu ta hanyar leaching itace toka. A katako kududdufai aka shirya Alkali bayani, spraying dumi ruwa ash. Wannan bayani ya sa'an nan zuba a cikin wani tubali murhu tare da kona itace. Potassium carbonate aka daskarar sosai m Layer a kasa na hearth da wani ya da potash cirewa da kuma aza a kan ganga, clogging su hermetically. Ake bukata a wasu fasaha, da bayani da aka evaporated, da kuma wuta ba gabãtar. Saboda haka, sana'a "polivachey" fara koya a cikin matasa, da kuma kawai bayan 'yan shekaru aiki samu wasu fasaha da kuma zama maigida ya craft. Ga misali: A hũru da yaushe kafa fari ash, da babbar ɓangare na shi - shi ne potash. Yau aiwatar da wasu masana'antu tsari - samu ta hanyar electrolysis na potassium hydroxide aka wuce carbon dioxide: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. A sakamakon haka ne potash da ruwa.

potassium carbonate da ake amfani a yi na soaps da kuma gilashin. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, da shi da ake amfani da matsayin m desiccant a lokuta lokacin da wasu jamiái kamar alli chloride ko magnesium sulfate, ba a yarda. Yana ba dace da bushewa acidic mahadi, amma za a iya amfani da bushewa da kwayoyin kayayyakin da low abun ciki na acidic impurities. Potassium carbonate da ake amfani da yãƙi gobara na aji B, tun da shi yana nufin sinadaran powders da kuma iya inhibiting da bice konewa tsari. Yana yana da mafi girma extinguishing dace fiye da salts kamar sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium fluoride ko sodium hydrogen carbonate. Its mai hanawa yadda ya dace da konewa tafiyar matakai ne ma fi da cewa da sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, aluminum oxide da alli carbonate. A cikin gilashin masana'antu K2CO3 da ake amfani da a samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje (tsaurin), Tantancewar ko potash gilashi, da kuma gilashin for glassware yi. Bugu da kari, potash bukatar a sinadaran, aikin gona, kiwon lafiya da kuma abinci masana'antu.