Experience Torricelli: yanayi da kuma muhimmancin

Tun zamanin da, ta zama, zuciyar mutum sun yi kokari don gane jigon da duniya, da dokokin halitta, tarihin nasu asalin kuma makoma a duniya. Wannan so da aka generated gaba ɗaya daban-daban hoto na duniya a daban-daban sau da a sassa daban daban na duniya: personification na halitta abubuwa da Allah, da ra'ayin na fama da duhu da haske a cikin Persian Zoroastrianism, da halitta da Apocalypse a Yahudanci, kuma mafi.

Duk da haka, da real kumshe da wani m da kuma ilmin kimiyya na duniya da aka dauke su a nasara, cikakken Thinkers na zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Concepts Aristotle shi ne gabatarwar da "fanko" na ra'ayi, cike da fanko - da sarari inda kome wanzu. žata A ra'ayin da aka ga Falsafa tsoratarwa sabon abu, duk da haka, a cikin ra'ayi, da kuma ba zai yiwu ba a yanayi. Lalle ne, empirical data samuwa sai da mutum ba zai iya bayyana manufar cikakkar injin, da kuma duk sarari mai cike da talakawa iska. Alal misali, idan wani m tube ga kokarin busa iska, ta bango zai ji ƙyama. Wannan ne, a ciki za a ba kawai injin, amma kuma da sarari kanta. Kuma da ruwa a cikin bututu ne ko da yaushe mafitar bayan da fistan, hana wõfintattu.

Fuskanci Torricelli: description

Wannan mas'ala cewa duniya ba zai iya zama a sarari cewa ba a cika da ruwa, m, ko gaseous abu, nasarar rayu har zuwa wannan zamanin - zamanin mutum da tunani da kuma kimiyya nasarori. A sa'an nan da mutane suna sake kõma ga ĩmãninsu da yiwuwar wani m, kuma m ilimi na duniya. Torricelli kwarewa, duk da haka, ya ba kawai sakamakon binciken kimiyya, amma kuma da dama. A lokacin shiri na marmaro a fādar daya daga cikin shahararrun sarakunan da Medici daular , sai aka fahimci cewa ruwa ta cikin bututu da gaske yakan cika wõfintattu, amma kawai don wani tsawo, sa'an nan ya tsaya da motsi. Wannan hujja iya ba samar da amfani a mahaifarsa daga cikin Renaissance.

Domin bayani jawabi ga sanannun a lokacin (har ma fiye da shahara a yau) kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ilmin lissafi don Galileo Galilei. Duk da haka, ya ba su sami wani m amsar a kwakwalwarsa, ya yanke shawarar koma ga wani gwaji hanya. Gwaje-gwaje da aka umurce ka sa almajiransa biyu - Torricelli da Viviani. Ban sha'awa sakamakon cimma biyu. Experience Torricelli zaton sarari a cikin wani gilashi tube wani adadin na Mercury (shi ne mutum fiye da ruwa, domin nuna mafi m sakamakon da kananan jirgin ruwa girma) saboda haka da cewa babu iska samun a. A babba karshen da aka shãfe haske, kuma an bude kasa da aka sanya a cikin kofin da Mercury. An gano cewa Mercury an kuma ba cika dukan sarari na tube, da barin wani adadin na saman voids. Duk da haka, wadannan empirical ilmi ba nan da nan za su samu msar tambayar gaskata.

bayani kwarewa

Experience Torricelli zarar ya zama sananne a ko'ina ilimi Turai, inda masana kimiyya sun yi gardama game da yanayin wannan sabon abu. A bayani na gaskiya ya ba Evangelista Torricelli. Tun a cikin rufaffiyar saman gilashi tube ya ba iska a sama da Mercury, an bayyana cewa tsawo na Mercury shafi ne a zahiri a tsare ta iska matsa lamba a kan Mercury a cikin kofin, suna ɓuɓɓugar da shi tafi more a gilashin bututu. Da farko, an gano gwaje da yanayi matsa lamba. Formula Torricelli ya bayyana cewa, wannan matsin lamba yayi dace da tsawo na Mercury: P = P ATM Mercury. Bugu da ari bincike kama Bafaranshen Blez Paskal, bayyana, a cikin yawan dogara tsawo na wani shafi na iska na nauyi a wata takamaiman lokacin, ta haka ne ba bil'adama da ikon ayyana ATM. matsa lamba.