Poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko: Tarihi da Halitta

Yevgeny Yevtushenko (hoton da ke ƙasa) marubuci ne na Rasha. Ya kuma zama shahararren marubuci, mai wallafawa, marubuci, mai gudanarwa, kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo. Sunan mawaki a lokacin haihuwa shine Gangnus.

Evgeny Evtushenko: ilimin lissafi

An haifi marubucin a birnin Zima a yankin Irkutsk a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1932. Mahaifinsa, Baltic Jamus ne ta haihuwa, Gangnus Alexander Rudolfovich, marubuci ne mai son marubuta. Uwarsa, Yevtushenko Zinaida Yermolaevna, masanin ilimin lissafi ne, actress, ma'aikacin al'adun girmamawa. Bayan ya koma Moscow a 1944 daga fitarwa, sai ta ba danta sunansa mai suna.

Yevgeny Yevtushenko ya fara bugawa a shekara ta 1949, an wallafa littafin farko na Soviet Sport. A shekarar 1952-1957. Ya yi karatu a Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafe mai suna bayan Maksima Gorkogo, amma aka fitar da don tallafa wa 'Ba da gurasa kadai "labari Dudintsev da kuma" horo mataki. "

A shekara ta 1952 an buga littafin farko na waƙar Yevtushenko, mai suna "Scouts of Future". Daga bisani, marubucin ya kira ta matashi da matashi. A cikin wannan shekarar 1952, Eugene, ta hanyar tsayar da mataki na dan takara, ya zama dan ƙaramin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Rubutun.

A cikin shekarun 1950-1980, Yevgeny Yevtushenko ya shiga masallaci mai ban sha'awa tare da B. Akhmadulina, B. Okudzhava, A. Voznesensky, R. Rozhdestvensky. Sun yi wa dukan} asashen duniya sha'awar sha'awar su, sun amince da 'yancin kai, sabo, da rashin izini a aikinsu. Tattaunawar wadannan marubuta sun tattara manyan filin wasa, kuma nan da nan baƙar fata ta "zamani" ta fara fara kira pop.

Essay akan kerawa

Mai mawaka Yevgeny Yevtushenko shine mafi mahimmanci "mawallafin 'yan wasan mawaƙa na wannan lokaci. Ya wallafa da yawa daga cikin waƙoƙin da suka sami karbuwa. Wannan ita ce "Masu goyon baya na Highway", da kuma "Ƙaunar", da "Snow na Uku", da "Apple", da "Wa'adin", da sauransu.

Ayyukansa suna bambanta da nau'o'i iri-iri da nau'in yanayi. Lissafi na farko na gabatarwa zuwa waƙa ta 1965 "The Bratsk Hydro Power Plant" "Mawallafi a Rasha ne Yafi Mawaki" ya zama magana mai mahimmanci, yin amfani da hankali, da kuma bayyana halittar halittar Yevtushenko.

Babu kuma baƙon abu ga kalmominsa mai mahimmanci (alal misali, waƙa ta 1955 "Wani lokaci Dog yana barci akan ƙafarsa"). A cikin 1977 waka "The Northern Add-on" Yevtushenko ya rubuta wani mai ban ga giya. Yawancin waƙoƙi da waqoqai suna jituwa ga yaki da yaki da jigogi na kasashen waje: "Corrida", "Iyaye da tsayar da bam", "A karkashin fata na Statue of Liberty", da dai sauransu.

Magana mai ban sha'awa na mawaka ya sami daraja: ya samu nasarar karanta ayyukansa. Yevgeny Yevtushenko, wanda labarinsa yake da wadataccen arziki, ya saki yawancin littattafai da CDs ("wuraren kiwo" da sauransu).

1980-1990s

A shekarun 1986-1991. Yevtushenko ya kasance sakatare a kwamitin kungiyar 'Yan Rubutun, kuma tun daga watan Disambar 1991 aka nada shi sakataren a cikin majalisar dokokin Commonwealth of Unity's Unions. Tun 1988 - memba na "Memorial" al'umma, tun 1989 - co-shugaban kungiyar na Writers "Afrilu".

A watan Mayu 1989, an zabe shi daga mataimakin Dzerzhinsky IO Kharkov kuma yayi aiki a wannan matsayi har zuwa rushewar kungiyar.

A 1991, Yevgeny Yevtushenko ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da jami'a a garin Tulsa (Oklahoma) na Amurka, kuma ya je wurin don koyarwa. A Amurka, mawãƙi yana rayuwa har zuwa yau.

Yanayin kiwon lafiya

A shekarar 2013, an raba Yevgeny Alexandrovich. A watan Disamba na shekarar 2014, mawallafin ya kamu da rashin lafiya yayin da yake tafiya a Rostov-on-Don, kuma an yi masa asibiti saboda mummunan cututtuka a lafiyarsa.

Agusta 24, 2015, mawãƙi ya shigar da na'urar bugun zuciya don kawar da matsaloli tare da zuciya.

Criticism

Hanyoyin da Yewtushenko da littafi na wallafe-wallafen ya ba da babban filin aikin zargi. Yawancin lokaci an yi masa ba'a da jita-jita, waƙoƙin yabo, ɓoye da kansa.

Joseph Brodsky a cikin wata hira a shekara ta 1972 ya yi magana game da Yevtushenko a matsayin mutum da mawaƙi. Ya bayyana Eugene a matsayin "babbar masana'antar sarrafawa."

Rayuwar mutum

Yayinda Yevtushenko ya yi aure sau hudu. Matarsa ta farko da aka Bella Akhmadulina (tun 1954). Sau da yawa sukan yi rantsuwa, amma sun yi sulhu da sauri, saboda suna ƙaunar juna. Lokacin da Bella ta yi ciki, Eugene ya ce ta yi zubar da ciki, domin ba ta da shiri don aikin uban. A kan wannan dalili ne aka kori taurari na Soviet. Daga bisani, a 1961, Galina Sokol-Lukonina ya zama matar Yevtushenko. Matar ba ta iya samun 'ya'ya, kuma a 1968 ma'auratan sun ɗauki ɗa mai suna Bitrus. Tun 1978, matar mawallaci ita ce mai sha'awar Irish fan Jen Butler. A cikin aure tare da ita, an haifi 'ya'ya maza Anton da Alexander. A halin yanzu, asibitin Evtushenko shine Maria Novikova, wanda aka haifi a shekarar 1962. Sun hadu ne a 1987, lokacin da Maria, a wancan lokacin kawai ya kammala digiri daga makarantar likita, ya je wurin mawãƙi don neman labaran mahaifiyarta. Bayan watanni biyar sun yi aure. Ma'aurata suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Dmitry da Eugene. Saboda haka, mawãƙi yana da 'ya'ya biyar kawai.

Evtushenko kansa ya ce yana da farin ciki tare da dukan matansa, kuma shi kadai yana da laifin saki. Mahaifa mai shekaru 83 yana da wani abin tunawa, saboda ya karya zukatan mata!