Pituitary: hormones da kuma aiki. A pituitary gland shine yake da aiki a cikin jiki

Pituitary (pituitary gland shine yake ko ƙananan appendage kwakwalwa) - shi ne wani endocrine sashin jiki, wanda aka located a gindi daga cikin kwakwalwa. More musamman, a kan kasa surface daga gare ta, aljihu a cikin kashi, da ake kira da Baturke sirdi. Wannan baƙin ƙarfe a cikin mutumin da sosai kananan size of game da wani fis ne a madauwari samuwar yin la'akari kawai 0.5 c. Amma duk da irin wannan kananan girma, rawar da hormones samar da pituitary, shi ne babban.

A pituitary gland shine yake. Hormones da kuma aiki

Wannan kananan gland shine yake ne babba sashen mu duka endocrine tsarin. A hormones da cewa shi tsirarwa, shafi wadannan jikin ayyuka:

• haifuwa.
• metabolism.
• girma.

Aiki da pituitary hormones da cewa shi tsirarwa, suna a hankali nasaba. Domin karin sosai bincika wannan batu, duba zuwa fara gina wannan endocrine gland shine yake.

A pituitary gland shine yake. Tsari da kuma aiki da pituitary

Ya kunshi uku main sassa: gaban, na baya kuma matsakaici, abin da ya bambanta a cikin asalin da kuma tsarin. A pituitary gland shine yake fara da nunawa a cikin tayi a 4-5 makonni na fetal ci gaba. Anterior lobe daga ta epithelial surface kafa daga raya bango na baka rami, da ake kira Rathke ta 'yar jakar, a matsayin kananan elongated outgrowth. A lokacin da amfrayo ci gaban, shi ke tsiro a cikin shugabanci na diencephalon.

Na baya lobe kafa dan kadan daga baya fiye da gaban da diencephalon m nama, inda wadannan rabo da kuma shiga. Har yanzu baya kafa da kuma na tsaka-tsaki lobe da pituitary. Ya ƙunshi wani bakin ciki Layer na sel. All uku pituitary ne da gaske raba secretory gland, kuma kowane daga cikinsu samar da kansa ba ji ba gani. A pituitary gland shine yake (hormones da kuma aiki) daukan wani babban bangare a cikin dukan endocrine tsarin mutum.

Prehypophysis

Wannan sulusi da murabba'i ne da ake kira adenohypophysis da girma na prostate (70%). Ya kunshi iri daban-daban endocrine gland shine yake Kwayoyin. Kowane irin cell cewa samar da rabo daga cikin hormone. Wadannan endocrine Kwayoyin kira adenocytes. Akwai iri biyu adenocytes: chromophilic da chromophobe, wadanda kuma sauran hormones an hada:

• Thyroid haramta motsa hormone (TSH) - alhakin secretory aiki na thyroid gland shine yake.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - stimulates adrenal bawo.
• Gonadotropic hormones, wanda sun hada da follicle stimulating da luteinizing hormones (FSH, LH), alhakin da haihuwa aiki.
• Girmancin hormone (GH) - alhakin girma, shi stimulates bazuwar na kitse, furotin kira a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu da kuma samuwar glucose.
• Luteotrophic hormone ko prolactin, wanda shirya Ilhamin kula da 'ya'yansu, lactation, metabolism da kuma ci gaban tafiyar matakai.

Pituitary hormones - su physiological rawa a cikin jikin mutum shi ne babban.

somatotropin

Girmancin hormone (ko HGH) da aka samar ba har abada jefa ta faru ne kawai 3-4 sau a rana. Its mugunya ƙaruwa markedly lokacin barci, tare da m jiki exertion kuma a lokacin azumi. Development wannan hormone yana kiyaye cikin rayuwar mutum, amma da aka ƙwarai rage tare da shekaru. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar girma hormone a Kwayoyin cleaves fats da kuma carbohydrates. A sakamakon haka, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar somatomedins samar a cikin hanta, ya karu cell division da kuma gina jiki kira, haka ci gaban kashi na faruwa.

Idan kira na girma hormone, ga abin da dalilai, shi ne kasa, shi tasowa wada. A cikinsa duk da rabbai an adana jiki, jiki, yawanci al'ada. Saboda haka, da gazawar da pituitary gland shine yake tsaye rinjayar da tsawo daga cikin mutum.

Wuce kima mugunya girma hormone sa gigantism. Idan hypersecretion auku a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, duk rabbai na jiki da aka adana, kuma a} uruciyarsa inganta samar da shi sa acromegaly. Yana bayyana disproportionate tsawon kwanakinka wata gabar jiki, da kara hanci da kuma Chin, kazalika da harshe da kuma duk narkewa kamar gabobin.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Wannan hormone shirya ayyuka na thyroid gland shine yake. A karkashin tasirin da take da akwai mugunya triiodothyronine da thyroxine. Yana activates da enzyme adenylate cyclase, wanda rinjayar da fahimta na aidin da thyroid Kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a karkashin mataki na TSH aka yi furotin metabolism: ƙãra samar da nucleic acid da kuma gina jiki kira, waye, girma da kuma ya karu size of thyroid Kwayoyin.

Kira TTG iya girma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sanyi. The sanyi dauki qara samar da thyroid hormones, shi take kaiwa zuwa mafi girma samuwar jiki kadan. Glucocorticoids iya hana samar da TSH, wannan abu ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar maganin sa barci, zafi dauki ko rauni.

Wuce kima mugunya TSH aka bayyana asibiti bayyanar cututtuka na hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

Adenokortikotropny hormone

ACTH aka hada ko'ina a ko'ina cikin yini. Cincirindo ne a cikin safe daga 6,00 zuwa 8,00 hours, da m - da yamma daga 18.00 to 23,00. ACTH shirya kira na corticosteroids, wanda aka sake ta sel adrenal bawo. Mugunya corticosteroids qara a da karfi tunanin jihohi kamar tsoro, fushi, kullum danniya. Saboda haka, ACTH kai tsaye rinjayar da tunanin balance adam. Haka kuma kira na ACTH qara da karfi halayen da sanyi da kuma zafi, mai tsanani jiki danniya. Da qarancin ruwa da kuma stimulates ACTH samar.

Wuce kima mugunya wannan hormone iya zama pituitary adenoma, cutar da ake kira pituitary Cushing ta. Its bayyananen ne: hauhawar jini, kiba, da kuma jiki mai accumulates a cikin jiki da kuma fuska, da kuma wata gabar jiki ne na al'ada, da kara maida hankali sukari a cikin jini, rage rigakafi tsaron gida.

Ƙarancin samar da ACTH take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin kira na glucocorticoids da wannan, bi da bi, da aka bayyana metabolism da kuma rage ƙarfin hali take hakkin kwayoyin zuwa muhalli da tasirinsa.

gonadotrophin

Su duba aikin gonads na mata da maza. Saboda haka, follikulotropin mata stimulates samar da follicles a cikin ovaries. Namiji da rabi daga cikin sirrin da tasiri a kan prostate ci gaba da kuma spermatogenesis (samuwar maniyyi).

Lyuteoptropin shirya samar da androgens - namiji hormones (testosterone, androstenedione, da sauransu.) Kuma estrogen - mace hormones (estriol, estradiol, da sauransu.).

Saboda haka, pituitary gland shine yake da hormones suna da hannu a cikin aikin na kusan dukan gabobin.

Na baya lobe da pituitary gland shine yake

Na baya lobe da pituitary neurohypophysis ake kira, aka hada da epidermal Kwayoyin, kira pituitary Kwayoyin. Neurohypophysis, kazalika da agara pituitary samar ji ba gani. Hormones da na baya pituitary:

• oxytocin.
• vasopressin.
• asparototsin.
• vasotocin.
• glumitotsin.
• valitotsin.
• izototsin.
• mezototsin.

Duk wadannan hormones yi su musamman ayyuka a cikin jikin mutum. Bari mu magana game da wasu daga su dabam.

oxytocin

Saboda haka, hormone oxytocin rinjayar da igiyar ciki tsokoki a lokacin haihuwa. A surface na cell membranes ne na musamman rabe kula oxytocin. A lokacin daukar ciki, wannan hormone bã ya ƙãra wa wani matakin da zai iya sa igiyar ciki contractions. Kamar kafin haihuwa da kansu a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da mace hormone estrogen qara ji na ƙwarai to oxytocin da haihuwa faruwa. Yana kuma take kaiwa zuwa wani raguwa a myoepithelial Kwayoyin cewa layi da mammary gland shine yake cewa stimulates samar da madara.

A sakamakon oxytocin a kan namiji jiki suna talauci gane. An yi imani da cewa yana da ikon yin tasiri da aikin da na hanji bango, pancreas da kuma mafitsara.

Vasopressin (Adh)

Vasopressin (wanda kuma ake kira antidiuretic hormone - Adh) yana yin ayyukan biyu a cikin jiki. Yana yana antidiuretic mataki, Ina nufin kara habaka ruwa reabsorption a tattara ducts da kodan kuma, a Bugu da kari, shi rinjayar da arteriolar santsi musculature (lafiya jini tsawaita daga arteries), Ina nufin Shi ne iya kunkuntar su lumen. A physiological taro na wannan mataki ba ya haifar da wani gagarumin sakamako a kan kwayoyin da, a pharmacological allurai a lokacin gudanar Adh Semi-m form arterioles da yawa quntata, wanda ya haddasa wani karuwa a matsa lamba.

Saboda haka, na baya pituitary hormones a lokacin da suka sami damar haifar da kasa cin gaban ciwon sukari insipidus (antidiuretic mataki) a cikin abin da a yau za a rasa to 15 lita na ruwa (fitsari fitarwa tare). Wannan asara dole ne a ci gaba da ya] uwa. Mutane da ciwon sukari insipidus fuskantar m ƙishirwa.

Matsakaiciyar lobe da pituitary

Rikon kwarya rabo kuma samar da wani yawan hormones, misali, wadannan sun hada da melanostimuliruyuschy hormone, wanda shi ne alhakin fata da kuma gashi launi. A karkashin tasirin da take da kafa pigment melanin, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin mutane ta launin fata.

Ma'ana na pituitary hormones

Pituitary (hormones da ayyuka aka bayyana a sama) aiki tare da hypothalamus (Department of diencephalon), mafi daidai, ta neurosecretory nuclei. Tare da suke samar da hypothalamo-pituitary tsarin. Yana iko da aiki na duk da na gefe endocrine gland. Take hakkin pituitary aiki (hormonal cuta) take kaiwa zuwa tsanani sakamakon. Wadannan matsaloli da hannu endocrinologist.

A pituitary gland shine yake da aiki a cikin jiki ne da muhimmanci sosai. Su sanin da yin aiki da kyau na duk gabobin da kuma tsarin.

Cututtuka da kuma Pathology

Lokacin da matsaloli faruwa a irin wannan karamin endocrine gland shine yake ne pituitary hormone da ayyuka ba aiki yadda ya kamata, da kuma a cikin jikin mutum zai iya ci gaba da tsanani cututtuka:

• acromegaly.
• gigantism.
• ciwon sukari insipidus.
• pituitary hypothyroidism ko hyperthyroidism.
• pituitary hypogonadism.
• hyperprolactinemia.
• pituitary wada.
• Cushing ta cutar.
• Sheehan ta ciwo.

Irin cututtuka zai iya faruwa idan pituitary gland shine yake ba a hada a hormone, ko 'yan, ko, a akasin haka, da jini gudana yawa daga gare su. Aiki da pituitary hormones ga jiki suna da muhimmanci. Su take hakkin iya haifar da wani iri-iri pathologies cewa bukatar wani tsanani m kuma sau da yawa bukatar hormone far.