Oligopoly - shi ne domin irin wannan tsarin?

A cikin lokacin da za a sami wata kasa a cikin abin da duk yanayin da tsarki gasar, shi ne quite wuya. Kusan kowace kasuwar aka mamaye daya ko a 'yan monopolies, wanda da hukunci tasiri a kan ta kara ci gaba da kuma idan ba ga m monitoring da hukumomin gwamnati, damar tafiyar da kasuwanci a halin yanzu kasuwanci zai zama da yawa kasa. Daya daga cikin na kowa siffofin ajizai gasar a yau ne wani oligopoly. Wannan ra'ayi ne ga mutane da yawa har yanzu ya kasance m, kuma haka bari mu dubi shi a more daki-daki.

A definition

Oligopoly - wannan shi ne irin wannan kasuwar nau'i na ajizai gasar, inda a cikin wani da aka ba kasuwar akwai sosai kananan kungiyar na sayarwa. A karuwa a cikin lambobin a kudi na musamman sababbin ko dai ba zai yiwu ba, ko da wuya matuƙa. A wasu kalmomin, wani oligopoly - shi ne a lokacin da masu sayarwa za a iya kidaya a kan yatsunsu.

Alamun da Iri

Gane da wadannan siffofin da tsarin da kasuwar :

• Daidaita ko bambancin kayayyakin.
• A manyan yawan abokan ciniki da kuma kananan yawan kamfanonin.
• A gaban karfi m shinge ga shigarwa na yiwu fafatawa a gasa.
• A karin dogaro da juna na kamfanonin daga juna, wanda da ɗan takaita iko da farashin.

Akwai wani definition na da irin wannan gasar, wanda aka hankali hade da darajar da Herfindahl index. Saboda haka shi ake kira nuna alama cewa za a iya amfani da su quantify mataki na monopolization na kasuwar. An lasafta ta yin amfani da dabara:

HHI = S _{Janairu ²} + S ₂ ² + ... + S _n ² inda

S - da yawan tallace-tallace na kowane daga cikin kamfanonin.

Its iyakar darajar ne 10,000 (m kenkenewa), da kuma m darajar da aka iyakance ta da rabo daga 10,000 / n, inda n - yawan kamfanonin da masana'antu (bayar cewa rabo daga tallace-tallace na wadannan kamfanonin ne daidai). An yi imani da cewa wani oligopoly - a kasuwar ga wanda tamanin da index ne mafi girma daga 2000. Tun daga shekarar 1982, wannan index taka wata babbar rawar a "antitrust" dokokin: a wasu masana'antu rabo ne fiye da 1000, jihar fara mallakar wata M & A kamfanonin. Dangane da abin da irin kayayyakin da ake yi a kasuwa, shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa ware wadannan iri oligopoly: tsarki da kuma bambancin. A cikin farko idan aka yi uniform daidaita samfurin (msl, sumunti, aluminum, jan), da kuma na biyu - da daban-daban kayayyakin na wannan aiki (msl, motoci, kyamarori, tayoyin). Cartel - kuma oligopoly. Wannan hadin kai na karamin yawan kamfanonin game da fitarwa da kuma farashin domin ya kara da matakin na ribar. Idan shi duka zo tare a cikin masana'antu, a wannan yanayin, shi behaves kamar boye abinci.

Oligopoly: rai misalai

Wasu mutane suna mamaki: "Me ya sa a Rasha irin wannan tsada rance" Bankers barata ta high hadarin da babban kudin kiwon kudi. Amma da gaske - dai kawai sako wani shurin hayaki bayan wanda mafi girma (idan aka kwatanta da Turai Figures) gefe. Da rabi na banki tsarin da aka sarrafawa da bankuna shida: Bank of Moscow, VTB 24, Rosselkhozbank, Gazprombank, Sberbank da VTB. Akwai classic hali na oligopoly, kuma ko da a karkashin reshe na jihar. Kamar yadda wasu misalai ne da kasuwar na fasinja a jirgin sama ( "Airbus" "Boeing"), mota kasuwar, manyan gida kayan da sauransu. D.