Kabarin na Halicarnassus: tarihin gine gine da kuma

Kusa da Turkiyya garin Bodrum aka located daya daga cikin bakwai abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya - da kabarin na Halicarnassus. Yana tashi a wannan wuri kwatsam, saboda a zamanin da akwai babban birnin na Persian satrapy na Caria, da aka sani da Halicarnassus.

labarin

City Halicarnassus aka kafa ta Helenawa a 2nd Millennium. BC. e. A tsakiyar 1st Millennium, ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin da Persian Empire. Kabarin na Halicarnassus aka gina a cikin 4th karni. BC kamar yadda wani kabari ga carian satrap Maussollos (377g.-353 BC. e.) da kuma matarsa Artemisia II. Saboda wannan shiri Maussollos fara kiransa da kabarin (gr. Mausoleion). A yi na kabarin ya fara a lokacin rayuwar Mausolus, duk da haka, ga karshe yi, ya ba da rai. A cewar labari, da gina kabarin jagoranci Artemisia, wanda ya ƙaunace mijinta da kuma so da dorewar tunawa da shi. Saboda haka, kabarin na Halicarnassus ne sau da yawa ake kira tunawa da soyayya. Yana janyo hankalin dubban masu yawon bude ido.

Kabarin na Halicarnassus bugi tunanin matafiya for 1800 shekaru, amma a cikin karni na 13th an halaka su da wata karfi girgizar kasa. A cikin karni na 15th a kan kango na kabarin 'Yan Salibiyya gina wani sansani na St. Bitrus. marmara kabarin tsohon raka'a aka yi amfani domin gina wannan gini. Lokacin da 'Yan Salibiyya aka fitar, da castle zama Turkish Bodrum Castle. By cikin karni na 19th kabarin aka kafa harsashin ginin da kuma da dama sculptures. Bodrum Castle a Bodrum da daraja haka nisa, da duwatsun da kabarin za a iya gani a cikin tsarin. A kan ƙasa na kabarin da kanta, ba za ka iya ganin kango da karamin gidan kayan gargajiya na tarihi na Halicarnassus.

architecture

Kabarin a Halicarnassus, a lokaci guda taka rawar da haikalin da kuma dakin ibada. Its yi da hannu cikin gine-ginen da Girka ta Satyr da Pytheas. Babu kasa muhimmanci a cikin halittar kabarin taka irin wannan shahara sculptors, kamar Scopas, Brikasid, Leochares da Timoti.

Amma ga gine-gine, a cikin wannan gini akwai wani cakuda styles. Bugu da kari, kabarin Mausolus daban-daban m siffar da kuma babbar size. Halicarnassus kabarin yankin da aka 5,000 m² da kuma tsawo - 20 m. A tushe ne 5-tiered murabba'i mai dari da cewa da aka yi liyi tare da slabs na farin marmara. Ginin da aka yi wa ado da sassaƙaƙƙun frieze - marmara reliefs depicting yaƙi na al'ummai, da kuma Amazons. A tsawon frieze da aka bayyana ne 117 m. Yanzu, wasu daga cikin kaburburan ne reliefs a dakin tarihi na Birtaniya.

Kabarin located in periptera, wanda aka sanya a kan kasa. Ya, bi da bi, aka kewaye da 39th 11-mita ginshikan. Sun yi aiki a matsayin goyon baya ga rufin. Last bayar a matsayin tako dala, kunsa na 24, saukarwa. A saman rufin gine-ginen ne a marmara quadriga. Yana ne daɗaɗɗe karusarsa ja da hudu dawakai. Yana da wani sassaka na Mausolus da Artemisia. marmara sarcophagi sarauta biyu da aka sanya a cikin kabari. Cikakken dace da ginin aiki a matsayin mutummutumai da mahaya da marmara da zakoki a gindin kabarin. Kabarin na Halicarnassus aka ba son dukan kaburbura wanda ya wanzu kafin shi, ta haka ne gaskiya dauke da wani abin mamaki na duniya.