Ayyukan gas a karkashin tsarin isobaric, isothermal da adiabatic tafiyar matakai

A cikin kusan kusan kowane motsi na thermal yana da wani abu na thermodynamic, kamar aikin da gas yayi yayin fadada ko matsawa. A nan yana da daraja tunawa da cewa a cikin ilimin lissafi, ana auna ma'auni ma'aunin aiki kamar yadda ake aiki, yana nuna aikin wani karfi a jiki. Bisa ga wannan, aikin gas, yanayin da ya dace don cikar abin da yake canji a cikin ƙararsa, ba kome ba ne kawai samfurin matsa lamba akan wannan canji a ƙaramin.

Ayyukan iskar gas tare da canji a cikin ƙararsa zai zama duka isobaric da isothermal. Bugu da ƙari, ainihin ƙaddamarwar tsari na iya kasancewa ta al'ada. Ayyukan gas, wanda ke faruwa a karkashin fadar isobar, za a iya samo ta ta hanyar dabara:

A = pΔV,

A cikin wane nau'in nau'in nau'i ne na hawan gas, kuma ΔV shine bambanci tsakanin jerin farko da ƙarshe.

Hanyar sabuntawar gas a cikin ka'idar lissafi yawanci ana wakilta a matsayin jerin hanyoyin isobaric da isochoric. Wadannan karshen sune gaskiyar gaskiyar cewa aikin gas, kamar misalin magunguna, ba kome ba ne, saboda piston ba ya motsawa a cikin Silinda. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, ya bayyana cewa aiki na gas a cikin tsarin sabiliya zai canza a kai tsaye kwatankwacin ƙarawa a cikin ƙarar jirgin ruwa inda piston ke motsawa.

Idan muka kwatanta da aikin yi da gas a lokacin fadada da kuma matsawa, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da cewa, a lokacin da fadada shugabanci na vector hijirar na fistan daidai da vector na matsin lamba da karfi na wannan gas da kanta, duk da haka a cikin scalar lissafi aikin gas ne tabbatacce kuma na waje sojojin - korau. Lokacin da gas yake matsawa da jagorancin kwastar na Silinda, zangon ƙa'idodi na waje ya dace, sabili da haka aikin su tabbatacciya, kuma aikin gas ɗin shine mummunan.

Bisa la'akari da batun "aikin da gas yayi" ba zai cika ba, idan ba za a shafar maɓallin adiabatic ba. Wannan abin mamaki a cikin thermodynamics an fahimta a matsayin tsari inda babu musayar wuta tare da kowane jikin waje. Wannan zai yiwu, alal misali, a cikin yanayin lokacin da jirgin ruwa tare da piston mai aiki yana da kyau mai tsaftacewar thermal. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin matsawa ko fadada gas za a iya daidaita su zuwa adiabatic idan lokaci don sauya ƙarar gas ba shi da ƙasa da lokacin lokacin da ma'aunin zafi tsakanin halittu da gas ya kewaye.

Mafi yawan lokuttan adiabatic a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum za a iya la'akari da aikin wani piston a cikin engine na konewa na ciki. Jigon wannan tsari ne da wadannan: kamar yadda muka sani, daga farko ka'idar Thermodynamics, da canji a ciki makamashi na iskar gas ne quantitatively daidaita da aikin karfi, directed daga waje. Wannan aiki ne a cikin shugabanci ne tabbatacce, kuma haka a ciki makamashi na da gas za su kara, da kuma yawan zafin jiki Yunƙurin na kansa. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi na farko, ya bayyana a fili cewa a ƙarƙashin bunkasa adiabatic, gas zaiyi aiki ta hanyar rage makamashi na ciki, haka nan, zafin jiki a cikin wannan tsari zai rage.