Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral na rundunar motoci. Rasha jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Great Rasha generals halitta daukakar Rasha makamai a kan ƙasar, iska da teku. Bitrus Ina shirin bunkasuwar kasar Ghana a matsayin Maritime ikon, kwanciya na farko shipyards kuma jawo waje injiniyoyi. Ayyukansa sun sa Rasha ta lashe babban mai yawa da cin nasarar yaki a kan teku. Ushakov, Nakhimov - wannan shi ne na farko na sojan ruwa kwamandojin, waɗanda sunayensu iya zama alfahari da kasar mu. A Tarayyar Soviet, magaji na nasarar da suka samu shi ne Admiral Kuznetsov, rayuwarsa da aka haɗa tare da sojan ruwa sojojin inextricably.

biography

A ra'ayi na Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, jirgin management kwarewa ba a ba nan da nan, dole ne a samu ta hanyar bin tafarkin ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Wannan abin da fara meteoric aiki na wani yaro daga kauye Medvedkov Astrakhan yankin. Future Admiral Kuznetsov buga da jiragen ruwa a shekaru 15, ya kara da zuwa ga biyu shekara, ya sadaukar da ga yakin basasa. A shekara ta 1919, ya yi yaƙi kamar yadda wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a kan jirgin Arewa Dvina flotilla. Bayan kammala karatu daga Sojan Ruwa Academy, kuma daga baya da Academy tare da karrama, Kuznetsov aika zuwa bauta a kan Black Sea jiragen ruwa. A jirgin ruwa na soja "Red Ukraine" ya zama wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa makaranta domin shi, wanda ya fara da post jami'in na cikin bene. Tun shekara ta 1933, ya zama shugaban jirgin ruwa na soja, a cikin shekaru biyar na sabis, da jirgin bikin a matsayin abin koyi na soja horo, horo, yi harbi. A Navy fara magana game da samar da Kuznetsova tsarin, wanda ya zama Hanyar shiri na soja kotu, a cikin duk fleets da Tarayyar Soviet. Autan shugaba na farko daraja, a 1935 aka bayar da Order of Red Star. A lokacin da sabis a kan jirgin ruwa na soja Kuznetsov tasowa sabon dabara na gudanar da sojan ruwa fama, ya gane muhimmancin iska bincike. A cikin msar tambayar shawara ya furta cewa, hulda da duk iri da sojojin kamata ba mai kyau sakamakon a ayyukan soji. A mafi muhimmiyar rawa a ta sanya jirgin sama. A nan gaba, wannan ka'ida ba kawai ya tabbatar, amma kuma saboda Kuznetsov, ya ajiye yawa rayuwarsu, yin wani gagarumin taimako ga nasarar Tarayyar Soviet a kan fronts na yakin duniya na II.

Spain

A 1936, da ayyuka na sa kai matuƙan a yaki da farkisanci ya dace bayarwa da kuma saukewa na taimako zuwa daga Tarayyar Soviet. Kuznetsov a matsayin sojan ruwa attaché a Spain, a yi, shi ne tabbata daga cikin daidaitar ka'idarsa. maƙiyi jirgin sama kai jiragen ruwa sunk a yanki da tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da ayyuka muhimmanci wahalad da sallama, wanda rinjayar da yadda ya dace da soja mataki. Kuznetsov Halicci sabon reshe - sojan ruwa jirgin sama, wanda dogara ne a tashar jiragen ruwa yankin da kuma tare da hare-haren da makiya mayakan. Domin wannan aiki ya aka bayar da Order "Red Banner" da kuma "Lenin". Dawo daga Spain a 1937, Kuznetsov aka nada a matsayin mataimakin sa'an nan Chief na Pacific jiragen ruwa. Babban mulki, wanda ya karɓe daga cikin yãƙi a Spain, ne m shiri na kowane jirgin da kuma jiragen ruwa a matsayin dukan.

kafin yaki

A cikin shekaru 30 da Tarayyar Soviet fara haifar da wani sabon, mafi iko jiragen ruwa, wanda aka halaka su a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese yaki na 1904. Future Admiral Kuznetsov a 1937 ne kunshe a cikin umurnin da Cif na Soja majalisar Navy, wanda aka halitta da Commissariat. A 34, ya zama ƙarami Mutane ta Commissar na Navy. A ta biyayya suke matasa, ba sosai samu, amma neman zuwa ninki biyu na daukakar Rasha makamai sanda. Kuznetsov subordinated kai tsaye zuwa Stalin, shi ya sa ya wuya aiki. Kwamandan a Chief aka je gina wani sabon rundunar manyan jirãge - battleships, Cruisers. Kuznetsov, a maimakon haka, ya dage a kan a saki jiragen ruwa na daban-daban azuzuwan, ciki har da jirgin sama dako. Ya jãyayya da shugaban na bukatar haifar da wani bakin teku jirgin sama, iya gudanar da wani bincike sauri da kuma tabbatar da lafiya motsi, daga jirgi. A muhimmiyar rawa sanya Kuznetsov horo na ma'aikata a aiki sojojin kullum aiki fita fama yanayi, da shirye na kowane jirgi a wani mamaki harin. A lokacin daga 1938 zuwa 1948 da yawa makarantu suka buɗe don ƙirƙirar wani m sojan ruwa shugabanni da matuƙan. Kuznetsov da kaina ziyarci kowane jirgin ruwa, a saka idanu yarda daga cikin jirgi, kuma da horo da dokoki, da tantance ayyuka na jiragen ruwa a jiki. By farkon na yaki, duk da sabani da Stalin, da matasa ta commissar sanya yin da yawa daga ra'ayoyi, kuma Ya halitta wani sabon yaƙi-cancantar Soviet jiragen ruwa.

Great Patriotic War

TASS rahoton, da musun da yiwuwar wani Jamus hari a kan Tarayyar Soviet, ya fara Kuznetsova kira zuwa mataki. A jiragen sun sanye take da man fetur reserves, aka gudanar da wani cikakken kaya daga cikin kayan sassa da kuma harsasai, sun kasance ƙarfafa sintiri da kuma leken asiri. Tun May 1941 da ma'aikata na haramun gaci iznin, a lokaci guda ya tsananta politpodgotovka mayakan. A farkon Nazi ta'adi rundunar hadu a cika fama shiri, ta haka ne guje hasarori. Created kafin yakin shirin m ayyuka fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a kan Kuznetsova ta umarni ba tare da kai tsaye baki na Amirul. Barricading na mahakar, fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa submarines, maƙiyi jirgin sama ya hallaka a kan tsarin kula da wuraren jiragen ruwa. 24 ga watan Yuni don toshe da barazana bayyana a kan jirgin ruwa na Baltic Navy a kan umarni ya karya Kuznetsova a Kronstadt, da barin Tallinn. Sojan Ruwa manyan bindigogi taimaka a cikin tsaro na Leningrad, ya kuma ta kwata 'yanci daga kawancen. A matuƙan dauki bangare a ƙasar ayyukan, taimaka wa tsare da farkisanci armada. Kai harin na Baltic rundunar motoci a watan Agusta 1941 ya sa da dama m hare kan Berlin, ba su haifar da gagarumin cutar da Jamus babban birnin kasar, amma ya tãyar da morale na mu sojojin. Tun shekarar 1944, a kan umarni na Amirul Kuznetsov NG - Admiral na rundunar motoci, wannan lakabi aka bayar da farko, kuma amounted zuwa marshal.

sakamakon

Active yãƙi Soviet jiragen ruwa sun kai ga manyan hasarori da abokan gaba. Rundunar Admiral NG Kuznetsov da kaina ɓullo da duk gudana yadda ake gudanar amince da nan Kwamandan a Chief, mukaddashin a akai Abubakar da sauran makamai. Jirãge, submarines a lokacin yaki halakar da 1,200 raka'a (sufuri, tsaro) da makiya. Navy sufurin jiragen sama a cikin fadace-fadace a ƙasa, kuma m fiye da 5,000 Jamus jirgin sama. A lokaci guda, sojojin na Arewa rundunar za'ayi da kariya da kuma harkokin sufuri na kaya daga kawance kasashen. Daruruwan dubban mutane da aka dauka daga hanyar rayuwa na kewaye Birnin Leningrad, fiye da 10 ton na kaya tsĩrar da su da yunwa birni. A minefields halaka fiye da 200, maƙiyi jiragen ruwa. Rundunar Admiral Kuznetsov aka bayar da Order of "Ushakov" 1 digiri "Red Banner" da "Lenin". Fiye da 70, daga jirgi da aka bayar da lakabi na Guards, 513 matuƙan zama Heroes na Tarayyar Soviet. Kamar yadda Amirul Navy Admiral na Tarayyar Soviet Kuznetsov halarci kasa da kasa taro, taro da kuma tattaunawar da majiɓinta.

bayan da yaki,

Babban maƙasudin na peacetime sojojin ruwa ya dawo. Shipbuilding ayyukan (ciki har da jirgin sama dako) da kuma ci gaban sojan ruwa sojojin da aka gabatar Stalin da kaina Commissar. NG Kuznetsov, admiral, sanya shahara a lokacin yaki, ya dage a kan su da tsare-tsaren da bukatun, wanda sau da yawa a rashin daidaito da ra'ayoyi da shugaban. Saboda wadannan bambance-bambance, da kuma adalcin kai, a 1948, Kuznetsov aka demoted zuwa ga daraja da Rear Admiral kuma kusan zauna a kan dok. Ya shafe watanni shida ba tare da sabis, sha wahala a zuciya, amma ya ya iya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin kwamanda na sojojin ruwa na Far East. A wannan wuri ne ya samu na gaba daraja mataimakin Admiral a karo na biyu. A shekarar 1951, a kan sirri domin na Stalin, ya koma Moscow da kuma cikakken gyara. A na gaba suna da Admiral Kuznetsov samu a 1953, sai aka tsunduma a cikin aiki da kuma neman Shipbuilding shirin review.

sau uku cewa Admiral

A kara rabo daga Nikolaya Gerasimovicha nasaba da rundunar jiragen hira da ta kusa hadin gwiwa tare da dacewa hukumomin da Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet sanya shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙirar nukiliya-powered submarines. Ya dora muhimmanci equipping jiragen ruwa tare da makamai masu linzami. Su da aka sanya a submarines da kuma ambaliyar ruwa da sufuri. A ra'ayin halittar jirgin sama dako, kuma bai same ta ganin har 1972, lokacin da aka shibtarsu da bukatar sharuddan "sanyi yaki" da Amurka. Juriya Kuznetsova taimake propel da shirin na zamanintar da rundunar motoci, amma shi dukufa kan dangantakar da mulki Elite. Karkashin Khrushchev, da Admiral Kuznetsov aka sake demoted. Rashin lafiya sanya shi yiwuwa a cire shi daga mukaminsa na shugaban a manyan Navy, kuma a gaskiya cire daga hali, ga abin da ya sadaukar da duk rayuwarsa. Amma 'ya'yan itãcen ya harkokinmu bada sakamakon - jirgin jigilar Admiral Kuznetsov aka gina. Ritaya Kuznetsov rubuta mai yawa game da Navy, fassarorin da na waje adabi da kuma kimanta nasarar da suka samu da kuma nasara. Ya mutu a kan Disamba 6, 1974, aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow. The uku lokacin da aka Admiral da rundunar Kuznetsov bayan mutuwarsa, muƙamin da aka koma a 1988 a karkashin matsin lamba daga abokan aiki da kuma iyali Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

A jirgin sama m Admiral Kuznetsov

A shekarar 1982, da hannun jari na Black Sea masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa biyar nauyi jirgin ruwa na soja da aka aza a kan shuka. Ya bene da aka tsara domin gida, saukowa da kuma dauki-kashe na Su kuma MiG jirgin sama. Daga lokacin na kwanciya na jirgin har karshen duk iri gwaje-gwaje, ya yi hudu sunayen: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Kuma kawai a shekarar 1990 ne jirgin zai kai da sunan "Tarayyar Soviet jiragen ruwa Admiral Kuznetsov". A jirgin da aka kaddamar a shekarar 1985, ya ci gaba da buoyant gama ginin, equipping da tara makamai. A shekarar 1989, da ƙungiya tsaya a kan gefe, da kuma matukan jirgin, ya fara gwada runways halaye. Su-25, Su-27, Mig 29 ya samu nasarar sun jimre da aiki, sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa ga riba jirgin dok ga ƙarshe.

kayan aiki

A jirgin sama m Admiral Kuznetsov, an hõre ga dama zane. Its radar, kewayawa, lantarki da makamai ya kamata a kullum kyautata. A jirgin da wannan size da kuma aji ne da wuya sosai don maida kuma tsadar ci gaba a jijjiga, amma shi ne har wa yau a cikin sabis, wajibi za a hada da Arewa jiragen ruwa. Its hijirar (matsakaicin) 61 ne m, tsawon -. 306 m, nisa -. 71 m. Height - 65 mita, matsakaicin daftarin - 10 m. Kamar yadda amfani propulsor pyatilopastnye hudu sukurori cewa an bayar a cikin dizal-janareto motsi (6), da tururi inji mai farfela (4) da kuma injin turbin janareto (9). Makamai kunshi jifa "Granit", "Dirk", "wuƙa", anti-jirgin sama bindigogi AK-630, RBU sawa bama-bamai. Ainihin jirgin sama kungiyar hada da hamsin jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu.

ci gaba

A ranar, da jirgin sama m Admiral Kuznetsov, shi ne mafi girma jirgin na da irin wannan. Its analogues ba samar alamar Navy da tsare-tsaren a cikin wannan shugabanci ne m. Amma jagorancin zamani Rasha Navy gane cewa generated N. G. Kuznetsovym shekaru 50 da suka wuce, da ci gaba da aikin shi ne har yanzu dacewa a yau. Yana yiwuwa cewa sabon jirgin sama dako, wanda sun fi sauri a kan zamani shipyards za a dage farawa zuwa hadu zamani da bukatun. Wannan ya shafi duka makamai da kuma jirgin injuna. New sojan ruwa tasoshin karkashin umurnin matasa admirals zai cinye dukkan vastness daga cikin teku, da kuma nuna wa duniya cikin ikon Rasha makamai, amma a manta da mutanen da suka rubuta na farko shafukan da wannan littafi, ba lallai ba ne.