Nau'in wuri mai faɗi zanen

Salo na zane-zane, da babban jigo na wanda - live ko manmade yanayi, ya zama m bayan da wasu - wani scene, a yanzu-rai ko animalism. Nau'in na wuri mai faɗi da suka fara samar da sabon karfi, a lokacin da artists sun iya aiki a bude iska.

definition

Faransa kalmar "paysage" ( "yana biya" - "kasa", "karkara") irin wannan a ma'anar da Jamusanci "Landschaft" da kuma Turanci "wuri mai faɗi". Dukan su wakilci na sarari yanayi na mutum a waje. Wannan matsakaici za a iya hada abubuwa na halitta asalin (topography, ciyayi, ruwa, iska da yanayi) halitta ko canza kama da mutumin (hanyoyi, gine-gine, noma, ikon Lines da sauransu. D.).

The kalmar "wuri mai faɗi" ya dama ma'ana: shi ta kawai wani abu to abin da mutum ido Tashoshi a waje, da bayanin irin yanayin da wallafe-wallafen aikin, images of da yanayi ta hanyar gani art. Kusan kowace aiki na gwaninta akwai daban-daban na shimfidar. Photography, film, video, kwamfuta graphics kuma, ba shakka, da art da hannu a cikin Taswirar na duniya.

iri-iri na batutuwa

Kowane gaskiya artist na da ra'ayi a kan muhalli. Don taimaka sa hankali na wannan bambancin rarrabe tsakanin wasu iri wuri mai faɗi. For makarantan nasare yara, makarantar sakandare dalibai, dalibai da kuma masoya na kowane zamani akwai wani gradation na zanen wuri mai faɗi zane-zane, dangane da batun kwayoyin halitta da kuma yanayin da image halinsa.

Akwai halitta, yankunan karkara da kuma birane daban na wuri mai faɗi zanen. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da wani iri-iri da kuma siffofin. By yanayin wuri mai faɗi tsaya daga cikin tarihi da kuma jaruntakar, almara, romantic da kuma wuri mai faɗi yanayi.

halitta wuri mai faɗi

A tsakiyar zamanai da shi shi ne yanayin da image da wani Schematic planar. Yana daga wani karin hali tarawa da addini, mythological ko tarihi qagaggun. Amma tun da Renaissance fara bayyana hoton a kan wanda ya bayyana ji da motsin zuciyarmu ba su yi amfani scenes ko Figures mutane, babban haruffa a gare su sun kasance ƙasar, gandun daji, da sama, da teku, a daban-daban jihohi.

Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na Genre na "m wuri mai faɗi" da aka dauke su a Jamus printmaker, draftsman da kuma zane-zane Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538). A karo na farko a cikin zane-zane na mythological Figures na heroes sun sau da yawa kadan discernible kan bango na wani grandiose hoto na halitta yanayi.

Marina - hoto teku

A cikin halitta wuri mai faɗi da wani wuri na musamman image ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, ya ko da yaushe ja hankalin masu artists. Nau'in na wuri mai faɗi da alaka seafaring da marinistika (Marina - hoto nautical theme) da aka haifa a kasashen inda Shipbuilding ya sananne - a cikin Netherlands, Ingila da sauransu .. Da farko, da teku ya da wani ɓangare na image, daga jirgi da ruwa ta faɗa, amma sai expressiveness da kuma iko kashi na kyakkyawa, ta dabara canzawa karfe kansu fascinate painters. The real pinnacle na duniya muhimmanci shi ne aikin da Rasha marine fenta I. K. Ayvazovskogo (1817-1900).

Hoton na sama sarari, taurari da taurari ma tana nufin halitta wuri mai faɗi. Nau'in na wuri mai faɗi kira cosmic ko astral, shi ya kasance kullum da Genre na almarar kimiyya ko futuristic art, tare da farawa da na yau da kullum sarari flights irin wannan zane-zane ne mafi idon basira.

yankunan karkara wuri mai faɗi

Tun idyllic hotuna daga rayuwar makiyaya da shepherdesses Rococo yankunan karkara wuri mai faɗi da ya ko da yaushe sun shagaltar da wani muhimmin wuri a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Arts. The kusanci zuwa yanayi, jituwa rayuwa a duniya, baƙauye aiki sun kasance batun da yawa fice artists na lokuta daban-daban, kamar yadda Takh Piter Breygel (1525-1569), Nikola Pussen (1594-1665), Kamil Koro (1796-1875), Fransua Mille ( 1814-1875).

Rasha zanen rustic theme ya kasance muhimmi tun da AG Venetsianov (1780-1847). Misalai daga cikin mafi kololuwa a cikin m wuri mai faɗi da m Rasha artists: I. I. Levitana (1860-1900), A. K. Savrasova (1830-1897), V. D. Polenova (1844-1927), A. A. Plastova (1893-1972). Special Poetry na yankunan karkara rayuwa kewaye da Rasha yanayi wahayi da zamani artists.

birane wuri mai faɗi

A XVII karni a Turai shi ya zama mai Popular Genre a cikin zanen da ake kira "gudanarwa" ( "veduta" (ital.) - "view"). Waɗannan su zane-zane, ra'ayoyi na faɗi, jigon wanda - topographically daidai da cikakken view of birni gine-gine, tituna da kuma dukan unguwannin. Domin su kuskure amfani pinhole kyamara - a na'urar domin samun madaidaici Tantancewar image jirgin sama. A mafi kyau misalai na wannan salo ne photographically m gine-gine da cityscape. Views na Venice da kuma London XVIII karni ake wakilta a cikin zane-zane na A. Canaletto (1697-1768), karin fasaha J. Vermeer (1632-1675) a cikin zanen "View na Delft".

The gine-gine da wuri mai faɗi da nuna darajar da gini kamar yadda wani aiki na gine-gine, da dangantaka da juna, kuma tare da dukan mazauninsu. A musamman irin wannan wuri mai faɗi - fantasy abun da ke ciki haife na artist ta kwatanci. Daya lokaci sun Popular "kango" - ra'ayoyi na wuri mai faɗi da tsoho kango, da samar da tunani game da impermanence na rayuwa.

Za a iya ware da kuma futurist, dama wuri mai faɗi - daban na garuruwan nan gaba, da image na wanda tare da nassi na lokaci canje-canje dangane da ci gaba na kimiyya da fasaha.

Wani iri-iri na birane wuri mai faɗi ne m wuri mai faɗi, depicting mafi canza dabi'ar mutum. Babban taken wadannan zane-zane - .. ado ra'ayi na gine-gine, dams, gadoji, hasumiya, hanyoyi, zirga, masana'antu, da dai sauransu. Daya daga cikin na farko muhimmanci ayyukan masana'antu wuri mai faɗi da za a iya ambata zanen da Claude Monet (1840-1926) "Gare Saint-Lazare ".

Ware a raba category da kuma wurin shakatawa wuri mai faɗi. Similar a theme zuwa yankunan karkara, ko zalla halitta, geo-nusar da shi nasa birnin.

Styles wuri mai faɗi zanen

A aikin art - shi ne ko da yaushe wani m fahimtar duniya da kuma wuri mai faɗi da wani real artist - ba kawai kamar real image, da image na halitta, ko birane yanayi, bugu na ta, ya nuna m. Wannan fassarar ne sau da yawa sosai kayyade style halayyar duka biyu mutum da kuma dukan al'umma an haɗa zuwa wuri guda da kuma lokaci daya.

Tarihi na wa uban wani musamman style a wuri mai faɗi zanen, musamman m. "Landscape da Rainbow" P. P. Rubensa (1577-1640) - a fitacciyar da Baroque da eponymous zanen Konstantina Somova (1869-1939) thematically kama. A cike suke da wannan sha'awa daga waje duniya, amma yadda daban-daban kudi aka canjawa wuri zuwa wadannan ji!

Impressionist aikin da ya yi na musamman tasiri a Genre. Kowane irin wuri mai faɗi - halitta, a birane, a kauyukan - tare da zuwan da yiwuwar aiki a bude iska ya halartar wani teku canji. Kokarin bayyana da yanzu-yanzu canje-canje da finer nuances na haske, ta amfani da wani sabon free zanen dabara, da Impressionists bude wuri mai faɗi Genre a sabon sãsanni. Bayan Masterpieces da Claude Monet (1840-1926), Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), Alfred Sisley (1839-1999) da kuma da yawa wasu Impressionists da shi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba a dubi duniya guda hanyar sake, ba noticing da kyau ba tare da gani da richness da launuka.

An madawwamin tushen wahayi

Nature ya kasance kullum da babban tushen sabon ji da kuma kwaikwayo ga wannan artist. Kakanninmu kokarin zana a lõkacin hũdõwar rãnã a kan kogo bango tare da wani yanki na bushe lãka, wuri mai faɗi views for preschoolers yau - yana da hotuna na Mars, daukar kwayar cutar daga surface na cosmic kai-propelled na'ura. Common ne a gabar abin mamaki daga rashin iyaka na duniya, da farin ciki na rayuwar.