Nau'in na roba yadudduka, su halaye

Modern fasahar ta shãfe duk duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Zai yiwu yadi masana'antu - mafi daukan hankali misali na kimiyya a cikin sabis na yau da kullum da iyali. Saboda da sinadaran kira na mutumin koya, don samar da zaruruwa da ake so Properties. Dole ne mu bambanta wucin gadi da kuma roba yadudduka.

Roba zaruruwa sanya daga polymers samar da wasu sinadaran halayen. A raw kayan for shi ne man fetur, iskar gas ko wutar kwal. Na roba yadudduka da musamman Properties kerarre tufafi, m tufafi ga matsananci yanayi, siffar.

Roba zaruruwa suna samar da wani jiki aiki na raw kayan. The fi sani misali na irin wannan masana'anta da aka viscose samu daga cellulose (itace).

Yadudduka sanya daga roba zaruruwa da dama abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages idan aka kwatanta da na halitta kayan.

Janar Properties na roba zaruruwa

Duk da su bambancin, mafi robobi da na kowa siffofin. By roba yadudduka abũbuwan amfãni hada da inganci.

• Karko. Artificial yadudduka sun inganta lalacewa juriya, ba rot, lalacewar da kwari da kyawon tsayuwa. Special bleaching fasaha da kuma m rini daga zaruruwa samar da launi fastness. Wasu roba yadudduka kungiyar m zuwa ga hasken rana.
• Lightness. Clothing sanya na synthetics Tã yi yawa kasa da na halitta takwarorinsu.
• Ta kafe da sauri. Mai roba zaruruwa ba sha danshi ko da ruwa m Properties, Ina nufin da low hygroscopicity.
• Saboda manyan-sikelin masana'antu samar da low cost feedstock, mafi wucin gadi kyallen takarda ne low a cost. A samar samun high yawan aiki da kuma low cost, wanda stimulates da ci gaban da masana'antu. Mutane da yawa masana'antun tsara da fasaha halaye na kayan daidai da buri na manyan abokan ciniki.

Disadvantages suna lalacewa ta hanyar da factor cewa wucin gadi abu na iya zama wani mugun tasiri a kan kwayoyin halittar.

• Synthetics tara rikicewar lantarki (wutan lantarki).
• Za ka iya samun allergies, hypersensitivity zuwa sinadaran aka gyara.
• Mai wucin gadi kyallen takarda ba sha danshi - daidai da, ba sha gumi, kuma suna da low hygienic Properties.
• Kada ka bari iska - shi ne ma mai muhimmanci domin samar da tufafi da lilin.

Wasu Properties na roba zaruruwa iya da biyu tabbatacce kuma korau ji, dangane da kayan amfani. Alal misali, idan masana'anta ba breathable, shi ne unhygienic for yau da kullum da lalacewa. Amma babba tufafi irin wannan abu zai zama quite dace don kare da m yanayin yanayi.

Production na roba nama

A farko patents na sabuwar dabara na roba zaruruwa dangantaka da tsawon 30-ies karni na karshe. A 1932 a Jamus sun ƙware da samar da PVC fiber. A shekarar 1935, a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na American kamfanin DuPont hada polyamide. The abu ne da ake kira "nailan". Masana'antu samar da shi ya fara a shekara ta 1938, kuma a shekara daga baya, ya aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin yadi masana'antu.

A Soviet manufar m gabatarwar da nasarorin da sunadarai da aka dauka a cikin 60s. Da farko synthetics riskarsa kamar wani cheap madadin halitta yadudduka sa'an nan shi ya fara da za a yi amfani da sarrafa daga kayan da m kara. Tare da ci gaban da kimiyya tushe fara haifar da yadudduka da daban-daban Properties. The labari polymers da indisputable abũbuwan amfãni a kan halitta yadudduka: su ne m, karfi da kuma mafi resistant zuwa lalata.

wucin gadi da kuma roba yadudduka bambanta a cikin Hanyar yi da kuma tattalin arzikin da samar da fihirisa. Raw Materials for yi na synthetics suna da yawa mai rahusa kuma mafi m, saboda haka wannan reshe na masana'antu ya samu fifiko a ci gaba. Macromolecules zaruruwa hada daga low kwayoyin nauyi mahadi. Yanzu fasahar samar da wani abu da qaddara halaye.

Yarns kafa daga melts ko mafita. Suna iya zama guda, hadaddun ko a cikin nau'i na daure na zaruruwa kafin su sami wani tsawon (sa'an nan daga gare su nuna yarn). Bugu da ƙari kuma filaments kafa film kayan da moldings (abubuwa na tufafi da takalma) na asali roba taro.

iri-iri na synthetics

A halin yanzu ƙirƙira da dubban sinadaran zaruruwa, da kuma sabon kayan ana bayyana a kowace shekara. Bisa ga sinadaran tsarin na dukan nau'i na roba yadudduka kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: dogon carbon da hetero. Kowace kungiya ne zuwa kashi subgroups da cewa suna da irin wannan jiki da kuma yi Properties.

carbon-sarkar synthetics

Chemical sarkar macromolecule carbochain roba nama kunshi gaske na carbon atoms (hydrocarbons). A cikin kungiyar ne da wadannan subgroups:

• polyacrylonitrile.
• polyvinyl chloride.
• polyvinyl barasa.
• polyethylene.
• propylene.

hetero synthetics

Wannan masana'anta sanya na roba zaruruwa, kwayoyin tsarin da, fãce carbon atoms hada da sauran abubuwa: oxygen, nitrogen, sunadarin flourine, chlorine, sulfur. Wadannan inclusions ba da fara abu na ƙarin Properties.

Nau'in na roba yadudduka hetero kungiyoyin:

• polyester.
• polyamide.
• polyurethane.

Lycra: polyurethane roba yadudduka

Sunayen amfani da kasuwanci hukumomi: spandex, lycra, spandex, neolan, dorlastan. Polyurethane yarn iya reversible inji nakasawa (kamar roba). Elastane m miƙa 6-7 sau, ya dawo zuwa ga na farko free jihar. Yana yana da wani low thermal kwanciyar hankali: kara yawan zafin jiki zuwa +120 ° C da zare hasarar da elasticity.

A polyurethane filaments ba amfani a cikin m jihar - suna amfani da gawa navivaya a kusa da sauran zaruruwa. A kayan dauke da irin wannan roba zaruruwa, yana da elasticity, da miƙa, na roba, resistant zuwa abrasion, mãdalla da iska permeability. Items da Bugu da kari nama polyurethane filaments ba crease da kuma riƙe asali siffar, resistant zuwa ga haske, ci gaba da asali launi. A masana'anta ba sosai shawarar yadda sukeyi domin matso, karkatarwa, bushe a miƙa form.

Capron: polyamide roba

Sunan abu ne saboda da amide kungiyar, wani ɓangare na masana'anta. Nylon da nailan - mafi kyau-sani wakilan wannan kungiya. Key siffofin sun hada da: ƙãra ƙarfi, da riko da siffar, ba rot, sauki. A lokacin, nailan maye gurbin siliki, amfani ga yi na parachutes.

A roba polyamide fiber band low jure dagagge yanayin zafi (narke fara a +215 ° C), sai su juya rawaya zuwa ga haske, kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar gumi. A kayan ba sha danshi da kuma ta kafe sauri tara rikicewar lantarki da kuma mummunan rike zafi. Daga shi nuna tights da leggings. A abun da ke ciki na nailan da nailan yadudduka aka gudanar a wani adadin na 10-15%, wanda qara ƙarfi daga halitta kayan ba tare da impairing su hygienic Properties. Na irin kayan da nuna safa da knitwear.

Sauran cinikayya sunayen roba kayan polyamide Group: anide, Perlon, Meryl, Taslan, Jordan da kuma helanka.

Velsoft - m masana'anta da wani ɗan rurumi, na fafatawa Mahra. Daga shi dinka baby tufafi, da riguna, da fanjama, gida abubuwa (tawul din da kuma bargo,). The abu ne m ga tabawa, da kyau iska permeability ba wrinkled, ba ji ƙyama, ba Fade. Shi ne resistant zuwa wanka, ta kafe da sauri. Buga hoton ba Fade a kan lokaci.

Polyester: polyester zaruruwa

Roba polyester yana da babban elasticity, sa juriya, shi ba ya zama daga nama ba crumple da kyau kiyaye su siffar. Babban amfani a kwatanta da sauran roba yadudduka kungiyar - ingantattun zafi juriya (jure kan +170 ° C). Abu mai wuya, da ba ya sha danshi, ba ya tattara turɓaya, ba Fade a rana. A m nau'i shi ake amfani da su tsirar blinds da kuma rataya labulena. A wata cakuda da halitta zaruruwa amfani ga yi na dress da kaya yadudduka, da kuma abu da kuma gashi wucin gadi Jawo. Polyester fiber samar da juriya ga abrasion da crease da na halitta yarns sa kiwon lafiya, da ba su da roba yadudduka. Names of yadudduka na polyester kayan: polyester, polyester, Terylene, Trevira, tergalii, diol, Dacron.

Ulun - Roba taushi polyester masana'anta da cewa kama wani ulun. Clothing ulun taushi, haske, dumi, breathable, na roba. The abu ne sauƙin m, ta kafe da sauri kuma ba ya bukatar ironing. Ulun ba sa allergies, don haka shi ne yadu amfani ga yi na yara tufafi. A tsawon lokaci, da nama lullube da kuma hasarar da siffar.

Polisatin sanya na polyester a cikin tsarki tsari ko a hade tare da auduga. Material m, santsi da kuma dan kadan m. Ta kafe da sauri, ba ya zauna, ba sa, kada zubar. Amfani ga yi na gado lilin, iyali kayayyakin (labule, tablecloths, upholstery ga furniture), gida lalacewa, neckties da Scarves. Popular yau linens da 3D-zane da aka yi daga polisatina.

Acrylic: polyacrylonitrile kayan

Domin inji Properties kama da zaruruwa na ulu, acrylic haka wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin "wucin gadi ulu". Roba ne resistant zuwa ga hasken rana, shi ne zafi-resistant, da riko da siffar. Ba sha danshi, tauri, wutan lantarki, shi ya sa.

Ana amfani da a hade tare da ulu masana'anta domin samar da furniture, baby kyãwãwa, dinki tufafi da kuma masana'antu wucin gadi Jawo. Acrylic ba ya samar da katsin, abin da ya sa shi da wani muhimmanci Baya ga ulu yarn for saka. Abubuwa daga hade yarn kasa mikewa, ne mafi m da hur.

Ciniki sunayen polyacrylonitrile kayan: acrylic, nitrone kashmilon, Dralon, Dolan, Orlon.

Bakan da daynema: polyolefin zaruruwa

A wannan kungiyar, bambanta polyethylene kuma propylene zaruruwa. A lightest daga dukan nau'i na synthetics, da polyolefin kayan ba nutsar a ruwa, da low hygroscopicity da kyau thermal rufi Properties, elongation zaruruwa ne kusan sifili. Da low zafin jiki da kwanciyar hankali - har zuwa +115 ° C. Suna amfani da lokacin da samar da wani biyu-Layer abu, dinka wasanni da kuma kama kifi tufafi, tace da upholstery, tarpaulins, kyãwãwa. A hade da na halitta zaruruwa - domin samar da tufafi da hosiery.

Ciniki Names: bakan daynema, tekmilon, gerkulon, ulstren, sami meraklon.

Polyvinylchloride roba yadudduka

The abu ne sosai resistant zuwa chemically m abubuwa, low lantarki watsin da kuma rashin zaman lafiya zuwa da zazzabi (an hallaka a 100 ° C). Bayan da zafi magani shrinks.

A m nau'i an yi shi da m tufafi. Tare da taimakon wani m roba masana'anta - wucin gadi fata, kuma samar karya ne Jawo da kyãwãwa.

Ciniki Names: teviron, chlorine, Vignon.

polyvinyl barasa fiber

Wannan kungiyar hada vinol, mtilan, vinylon, kuralon, Vinalon. Bã su da dukan abũbuwan amfãni daga synthetics: m, sa-resistant, resistant zuwa ga haske, kuma yawan zafin jiki effects. Bisa ga extensibility kuma elasticity ne Averages. A rarrabe - ne absorbent, kayayyakin na wannan kungiya na roba yadudduka da wani babban hygroscopicity, daidai da kaddarorin da auduga kayayyakin. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa vinol tsawo da kuma dan kadan shrinks, da ƙarfi rage-rage. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran sinadaran zaruruwa, shi ne kasa resistant zuwa sinadaran hari.

Vinol ake amfani da yin tufafi, tufafi, a hade tare da auduga da kuma viscose - domin yi na hosiery. The abu ne ba slipping, ba goge, shi yana da kyau mai sheki. Rashin kayayyakin daga vinola - su sauri zama soiled.

Mtilan amfani don samar da m sutures.

A hade da daban-daban zaruruwa samar da ban sha'awa fasaha halaye. A daukan hankali misali - an yadu da aka sani a yau microfiber. An yi wani hade da nailan da polyester zaruruwa. Microfiber ba nitsewa, kada zubar, yana da babban hygroscopic dukiya, haka ta kafe da sauri. Ana amfani domin samar da knitted yadudduka, saka da kuma wadanda ba saka masana'anta. Dangane da kauri da kuma fiber gyare-gyare bambanta da softness kuma karko na karshe samfur. Microfiber ba gauraye da sauran zaruruwa, lura da kayayyakin ne musamman sauki - su ba su ji tsoron wanka, bushe tsabtace da kuma yawan zafin jiki effects. Tare da haka mutane da yawa iska pores, da masana'anta taimaka wajen kula da mafi kyau duka yanayin jiki, amma a lokaci guda daidai kare daga iska. Microfiber aka sanya wasanni da kuma waje tufafi, gida Textiles, tawul din da Sponges for tsaftacewa.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da chemically hada zaruruwa suna yadu amfani a samar da haske masana'antu kaya. Na su yi wãsã da tufafi, yadudduka ga furniture da ciki ado na gabatarwa, da dukan kewayon m tufafi, daga tufafi ga kayan for dasu da kuma jabu Jawo. Modern yadudduka mallaka a yawan abũbuwan amfãni cewa ba su da samuwa ga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu, sun iya zama hygroscopic, "Numfashi" da kuma riƙe zafi sosai. A hade da daban-daban zaruruwa a guda thread, kazalika da halittar Multi-Layer yadudduka da damar masana'antun zuwa cikakken biyan bukatar da zamani duniya.