Nau'in na Birch itatuwa a Rasha: description, photo

Domin Russia, babu itaciya 'Birch. Maganar bayyana a cikin VII karni, daga kalmomin nan "don kare". Ga tsoho Slavic alama ce na haihuwa da kuma m na mutane da koyar da Allahntakar - tsaron sũ, sun kasance a cikin nau'i na Birch. Da alama, sunan itacen da ya zo mana tun lokacin da. Shin ka san yadda da yawa da kuma abin da iri Birch bishiyoyi a Rasha? Yau za mu gano.

description

Mutane da yawa jinsunan Birch itatuwa ne da itatuwa, kai wani tsawo na 30 zuwa 45 da mita a cikin karkara akwati tsiro zuwa 150 cm, ko da yake akwai manyan da kananan shrubs, ciki har da masu rarrafe, kawai tashe sama da ƙasa. All wakilan da Birch iyali ne monoecious, iri guda ba, iska-pollinated shuke-shuke.

A tushen tsarin na itatuwan HALITTAR iko, na iya zama duka surface da kuma yada barin m (dangane da ci gaban da yanayi). Fading taproot seedling faru fairly da sauri, amma gefen tare da wani yawa na lafiya mochkovidnyh tushen ne masu tasowa cikin sauri. A cikin farkon shekaru na Birch tsiro sosai a sannu a hankali, amma ƙarshe fara Prytkov jihãdi zuwa sama, samun wata nasara a kan herbaceous ciyayi.

A haushi mafi jinsunan fari, da rawaya, da ruwan hoda ko m-kasa-kasa launi, ko da yake akwai irin tare da launin toka, ruwan kasa har ma da baki m ɓangare na akwati. A Kwayoyin suna cike da toshe kwalaba nama sauƙi peelable betulin (gummy farin m). Bishiyoyi-centenarians sau da yawa a kasa na ganga, za ka iya ganin duhu ɓawon burodi tare da kuri'a da zurfin fasa.

Bar wakilan da iyali Birch m, toothed a gefuna, duka, ovate-rhombic ko triangular-kwai siffar, da santsi, monosimmetricheskie, dogon isa 7 santimita m - 4.

Iri birches a Rasha

Mun sake nazari da janar bayanin irin membobin wannan HALITTAR. Yanzu ina son mu haskaka wasu daga cikin iri a more daki-daki. Kada ka san yadda da yawa jinsunan Birch ya wanzu a duniya? Masana kimiyyar halitta da game da 120 jinsunan siririn, belostvolnyh, haske itace, yayin da a Rasha tsiro game da 65 iri, iri dabam-dabam a cikin wasu fasaloli. Ba don kome ba ne Birch ya zama wata alama na kasar mu.

Bugu da kari ga saba farin gashi itatuwa tare da dogon 'yan kunne, akwai dai itace ya zama irin na wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban siffar. Mafi na kowa irin wannan nau'i na birches a Rasha a matsayin drooping kuma Fluffy, ko akwai a cikin kasar, da kuma itatuwa tare da haushi rawaya, Violet, ceri, launin toka, ruwan kasa da kuma baki. A cikin wadannan na musamman itatuwa kamar yadda kawai dandana botanists iya gane HALITTAR na Birch. Saboda haka, misali, a cikin gandun daji girma Far Birch haushi da shaggy maimakon haushi. Har ila yau, a nan akwai itatuwa da duhu purple m ɓangare na akwati. Wannan irin aka kira baƙin ƙarfe Birch saboda m itace, wanda shi ne na biyu kawai ga ƙarfi daga bokkautu (itacen girma a cikin tropics).

betula pendula

Kamar yadda muka ce, shi ne wata alama ce Rasha Birch. Species da kuma irin fi na kowa itatuwa a kasar mu da kuma za mu yi la'akari a cikin labarin. A farkon da Birch (tusar jaki). Wannan itace iya isa wani tsawo na mita 30 da wani diamita na 60-80 santimita na akwati. An halin openwork Kroon, rataye saukar daga harbe, snow-fari, ko grayish-fari haushi da daban-daban fasa, wanda siffar dogara a kan irin Birch haushi. A kasa na ganga, da samuwar m kwasfa. Birch tare da wani lu'u-lu'u-siffar karayar girma cikin sauri, da bi, da grubokoroy - sannu a hankali. A babban alama wannan nau'in - gaban kananan growths, da ake kira warts kan matasa rassan. A mafi muhimmanci da dama Karelian Birch an dauke.

betula pubescens

Downy Birch itace wakiltar wani mike-akwati da rassan bude upwardly, m haushi fari ko grayish launi da kuma rataye saukar da matasa harbe. Musamman prized burls Birch.

Betula pubescens aka samu a kusan duk yankuna, fãce ga matuƙa ta arewaci da kudancin yankunan, inda a can ne shrubby jinsunan Birch itatuwa. Description of karkarar girma itatuwa: mafi kowa jinsunan Birch itatuwa sau da yawa girma a cikin wannan wurin shakatawa, duk da cewa da muhalli Properties na su daban-daban; domin Birch fĩfĩta bushe wuri a kan wani tsauni, kuma zuwa Fluffy - dausayi. wani lokacin samu a marshy yankunan. Wadannan iri Birch bishiyoyi da kyau tare da deciduous da coniferous itatuwa.

Mini-itatuwa

Abin da iri Birch, kuma tanã biyar iri a kan bude sarari na kasar mu? Bugu da kari Khingan na da tsayi itatuwa a duwãtsu Rasha birches girma Dwarf. Wasu jinsunan da ake samu a cikin Altai Mountains da duwatsu yankunan Asiya ta tsakiya. O yana da game da 12 jinsunan Dwarf itatuwa girma a duniya. Saboda haka, misali, za ka iya ji dadin Altai cordata Birch a kan Pamiro Alta - Altaian da turkestan, kuma Tien-Shan - Birch Sapozhnikova da Schrenk.

Dwarf itatuwa a cikin kasar da ake samu a cikin nisa arewa, musamman a cikin treeless wuri mai faɗi da sashi na arewacin yammancin duniya na subarctic bel da hankula gansakuka-lichen tundra ciyayi da kuma duwatsu gabashin Siberia. Mafi na kowa hada Dwarf Birch Dwarf, na fata, Middendorf Birch kuma Komarov.

Wasu jinsunan ne don haka kananan cewa su ne na baya a tsawo, boletus namomin kaza. A wasu wuraren, za ka iya samun Dwarf itatuwa, a cikin bayyanar mafi reminiscent na shrubs: Birch Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, tsumburai, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya kuma Far East. Lesotudrovyh girma yawanci a zones, a swampy yankunan a cikin gandun daji.

Dahurian Birch

Temnokorye nau'in bishiyoyi suke shiga ko'ina a cikin Far East, ko da yake wasu daga cikinsu za a iya ganin darajarsa a Eastern Siberia. Wadannan sun hada da Birch, Dahurian. Tree da wani openwork kambi ke tsiro zuwa 25 m ga tsawo. Babban bambancin daga wasu nau'in - asali haushi: matasa birches ta pinkish ya dafa, tsohon - duhu launin toka, wani lokacin baki-kasa-kasa, fashe tare da hatsi. Birch haushi iya lokaci-lokaci partially exfoliate da kuma fada kashe, sauran kashi wanda rataye tufts Halicci curl sakamako. Duhu kore ganyen Birch dahurica (baki) ya fada m zama rawaya-kasa-kasa inuwa. Flowering fara nan da nan bayan blooming ganye. The girma kakar ne ya fi guntu fiye da sauran jinsunan.

Birch ɗan kurmi

A cikin duwatsu na da tekun Black Sea Coast zuwa kudu na Tuapse da Rion tasa akwai kananan gandun daji na Birch Medvedev. Godiya ga mai kyau Rooting rassan, wannan nau'in sau da yawa ke tsiro a kan gangara, na kafe harbe kafa sabon rassa itatuwa.

Sabon abu view a Ashtarot kafa Birch Radde tare da ja-m haushi. The kawai wakilin a Rasha m itatuwa - Birch Maksimovic, wanda ke samuwa ne kawai a kan kudancin tsibirin Kunashir Island (Kuril kunya).

Moscow tarin

The Main Botanical Garden na babban birnin kasar daga dukan tarin ake kasaftawa biyu kawai irin North American temnokoryh itatuwa. Ba su son mu Khingan iri Birch itatuwa! Kawai gaban yawa 'yan kunne, da hankula wannan shuka, ya nuna cewa wannan shi ne wani' yar'uwar mu Birch. Har ila yau, a nan akwai itatuwa da zinariya m haushi. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin Arewacin Amirka jinsuna.

Yanzu ka san yadda da yawa jinsunan Birch itatuwa girma a duniya, da kuma cewa Rasha ya zama mafi arziki a cikin nau'in abun da ke ciki birches kasar.