Nau'in juji: description, halaye, da ikon yinsa, da kuma asalin

A gini abu samar da crushing daban-daban sawmills ko aiki da masana'antu sharar gida ya kira tsakuwa. A inorganic particulate abu, kama wani kananan murƙushe dutse, yadu a yi amfani da yawa duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Daban-daban na kufai a karkara, dangane da jiki da kuma fasaha halaye, ana amfani da babban birnin kasar dawo da gina gine-gine, hanyõyi, Railways, masana'antu kankare, wuri mai faɗi shiryawa.

Iri na kufai a karkara, kuma a cikinta kowane irin amfani

Juji ne classified ta asali. Wannan, a sama da dukan, da irin dutse daga abin da aka ɓullo da. Masana'antun da yaushe samar da zama dole bayani. Origin kufai a karkara characterizes da inganci, sabili da haka da ikon yinsa. Babban iri kufai a karkara ta asalin kasu kashi:

• Dutse. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m iri juji. An samu daga fā, daya daga cikin na kowa a duniya. Dutse igneous dutse da dangantaka da wani (primary) kankara da aka jefar da surface da kuma ƙarfafa magma. Dutse kafa daga wani iri-iri na lu'ulu'u ne :. ma'adini, feldspar, Mika, da dai sauransu yana da ja, ruwan hoda da kuma m saka launi. Used iri tsakuwa da crushed dutse domin gina wuri mai faɗi da shiryawa, hanya da kuma Railway kayan aiki, magudanun ruwa, da ado.
• Tsakuwa. Murƙushe dutse samar da sieving ko crushing dutsen. Yana yana da kusan guda ƙarfi kamar dutse, amma yana da ƙasa bango radiation da kuma rahusa. Used iri tsakuwa domin kankare kufai a karkara, kankare samar, harsashin aikin da aikin gina hanya.
• Farar ƙasa. Wannan MacAdam - sedimentary tsakiyan nonon samfurin (secondary) rock - farar ƙasa, babban bangaren da abin da yake a calcite. Farar ƙasa, kuma dolomite ne da yawa na baya ƙarfi dutse da tsakuwa. Ana amfani da a gina hanya da kuma kankare samar.
• Slag. Wannan tsakiyan nonon samfurin na metallurgical samar da sharar gida. Babban amfani da juji - a gwada low cost. Mafi sau da yawa amfani da binders ga shirye-shiryen da kankare.
• Secondary juji. Product, kawar da gini kufai a karkara - tubali, kankare, kwalta. Irin wannan kufai a karkara dukan halaye na baya kayayyakin sanya daga halitta kayan, amma har yanzu yadu amfani a matsayin tara ga kankare, hanya kansu, tabbatarwa daga rauni kasa, gyara shimfidar wuri.

samar da murƙushe dutse

tsakuwa samar kunshi dama, saukarwa:

• Mining da dutse.
• shari (idan ya cancanta).
• mahara, kawar da matakai.
• kasawa da kasarun adadi.

Babban samar mataki tsakuwa - crushing. Daga wannan aiki ya dogara da siffar da kuma size na samu hatsi. Hudamah ne da za'ayi a cikin 2-4 hawan keke a kan musamman kayan aiki - Huɗama. Dangane da hanyar da nika bambanta daban-daban na tsakuwa crushers:

• Muƙamuƙi - suna kafa a farko mataki na crushing. Manufa na aiki - unstressed murkushe dutse tsakanin biyu faranti.
• Centrifugal. Wadannan crushers ne mafi kusantar su nema domin samar da murƙushe dutse tarar da wani taurin, a yi amfani da aikin gina hanya.
• Mazugi wa Huɗama - daya daga cikin mafi tsada da inji don samar da murƙushe dutse. Su Babban amfani - universality. Irin wannan crushing inji iya samar da tsakuwa wani ƙungiya, har ma ta wucin gadi yashi.
• Rotary. A cikin wadannan inji, nika kankara sanya na tasiri makamashi. Jinsi bombarded tare da high gudu impinges akai-akai a kan impingement farantin karfe kuma aka niƙa har sai faduwa a cikin calibrated kanti slits.

A karshe mataki, kafin kaya na kayayyakin zuwa abokan ciniki, juji ne rabu cikin kasarun adadi. The aiki ne da za'ayi a kan kayan aiki a karkashin sunan faduwa. Wadannan inji iya zama tsit ko dakatar. A kan aiwatar da nunawa da murƙushe dutse ya wuce ta hanyar da dama fašakarwar sieves tare da ramukan na daban-daban diameters. A kowane daga cikin wadannan rabu kasarun adadi kufai a karkara shigar.

kasarun adadi na murƙushe dutse

A fitarwa samu bayan crushing na daban-daban hatsi size. Don kara aiwatar da kasawa kufai a karkara, dangane da barbashi size. Murabba'i - matsakaicin halatta darajar mutum hatsi (dutse). Iri tsakuwa kasarun adadi aka rabu cikin na asali da kuma bawa. Key - size of 5 zuwa 70 mm. Girma hade kasarun adadi da kuma dropout - daga 0 zuwa 40 mm. Domin na musamman da aikace-aikace sanya na musamman iri tsakuwa kasarun adadi: 70-120 mm da 120-150 mm.

Murƙushe dutse shi ne na farko na halitta dutse abu. Babbar bukatar dutse tsakuwa 5-20 mm. Irin wannan kayan amfani a samar da kankare, kwalta da kankare. Murƙushe dutse manyan kasarun adadi (20-45, 20-65, 25-60, 40-70 mm) ana ma sosai bukaci a kasuwa, amfani da layin dogo embankments, a yi karfafa tare da kwasfansu, da kwanciya harsãshensa, kamar yadda wani cushioning Layer a cikin shiri na hanyõyi, .

Tsakuwa da crushed dutse

Domin samar da kankare yin amfani da irin wannan gaggautsar aggregates: Halitta dutse chippings, tsakuwa, tsakuwa da crushed dutse, aggregates, da baƙin ƙarfe slag. A tsakuwa amfani a yi, akwai wani dutse, kogin da kuma teku. A karshe biyu, saboda ta m goge surface, da m mannewa. Stone kufai a karkara domin yi aka samar da crushing halitta kankara. Wadannan iri kufai a karkara da wani m surface da kuma samar da wani m kwana, don haka da mafi alhẽri daga da tsakuwa, mannewa zuwa binders. Quality tsakuwa da crushed dutse ne halin da:

• ƙarfi.
• size da kuma siffar hatsi.
• sanyi.
• abun ciki na cutarwa impurities.

The jiki Properties na juji

Jiki halaye na abu ne ba da nisa fiye da hankali fiye da asali. Yana da yake a wadannan kaddarorin juji ma'anar da ikon yinsa, na da amfani. Duk wani nau'i na kufai a karkara halin da wadannan key Manuniya:

• ƙarfi.
• flakiness.
• sanyi.
• ruwa sha.
• nau'i na hatsi.
• radioactivity.

tsakuwa flakiness

A kufai a karkara daidaita abun ciki na lamellar da acicular hatsi wanda kauri ko nisa ne mafi girma daga uku sau fiye da tsawon. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin alama, wadda da farko na dukkan kula a lokacin da yin amfani da murƙushe dutse a yi da kuma samar da kayayyakin kankare. Lokacin da wani babban yawan lamellar da acicular siffar a cikin jimlar taro na tsakuwa kankare cakuda iya kunna matalauta inganci da bukatar ƙarin sealing. A manyan yawan hatsi da irin wannan siffar take kaiwa ga samuwar na da yawa voids. By yawan lamellar da acicular hatsi a murƙushe dutse taro subdivided cikin kungiyoyin:

• Na - zuwa 15%, cuboid.
• II - 15-25%, inganta;
• III da IV} ungiyoyin talakawa, flakiness - 25-35% da kuma 35-50% bi da bi.

Cubiform kufai a karkara ne suka fi dacewa da shirye-shiryen da kankare saboda babu matsaloli tare da voids.

A ƙarfi daga juji

Wannan dukiya ne halin da tsakuwa iyakance farko dutse sansanin soja. Karko na halitta dutse abu ne m da abunda aka kwaikwaya inji tasiri compressive crushability murkushe a cikin Silinda drum abrasion a tire. A mafi ƙarfi yana da dutse. A mafi mashahuri ne da wani dutse kufai a karkara M1200 tare da abun ciki na taushi da dutse dutse ba fiye da 5%. Its main aikace-aikace - gina harsãshensa, samar da high-ƙarfi kankare da kaya-hali Tsarin.

Frost juriya da kayan

Mallakar wani abu don kula da mutunci, ƙarfi ne, kuma nauyi bayan maimaita daskarewa da kuma thawing na sanyi da aka kira. Wannan yanayin ne da muhimmanci musamman ga tsakuwa amfani a cikin na'ura na tushe a cikin yankunan da low yanayin zafi. Nuna high hardiness kayan da high yawa da kuma low porosity.

Aiki kufai a karkara radionuclides

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye na wani kayan amfani a cikin shiri - radioactivity juji. Yana ma'anar ta suitability for iri daban-daban na aikin gine-gine, da kuma dole ne bi da tsafta da kuma ANNOBA norms, kamar yadda ya tabbatar da dacewa karshe da takardun shaida. A farko aji na high radioactivity tsakuwa yayi dace da darajar kasa da 370 Bq / kg. Domin na biyu aji - fiye da 370 Bq / kg.