Diesel locomotives Rasha. New locomotives, photos da kuma bayani dalla-dalla

Rail kai - wannan daya ne daga cikin mafi m da kuma araha hanyar sufuri, amfani da miliyoyin mutane. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation saboda damar da Railway suna da za'ayi a kowace rana dubban zirga-zirga na biyu fasinjoji da daban-daban cargoes. Modern fasaha ci gaba da damar kara da tractive kokarin da locomotives, game da shi, samar da wani babban matakin yadda ya dace da sufuri da gudu. Saboda haka locomotives Rasha ya zama musamman m shawara, domin fahimta da abũbuwan amfãni, kuma fasaha halaye.

Brief Historical Fage

A farko fasaha ayyukan locomotives a kan mu bude sarari bayyana a alfijir na karni na 20th. Diesel locomotives Rasha a lokacin da aka "haife" a 1905, godiya ga injiniya da Kanar Kuznetsov Odintsov, da suke majagaba a cikin fasaha al'umma, sa a kan nuni da wani rahoto a kan standalone locomotive da caloric engine.

A 1930, aka ba da ci gaban aikin injiniyan inji, ya fara shirye-shiryen-teplovoznikov kwararru a Moscow Electromechanical Cibiyar. Riga tun 1950 locomotives batun da aka shirya a kan wasu daga cikin mafi girma na'ura-gini Enterprises.

Babban rarrabuwa

Rasha da kuma duniya locomotives an bambanta a kan tushen da dama halaye.

Saboda haka, bisa ga aikinsu akwai wani rabo a kan:

• Fasinja.
• Shunting.
• Sufurin kaya.
• Universal.
• Masana'antu.
• Yin wani iri-iri na aiki.

Har ila yau rarrabe tsakanin locomotives da karusa bestelezhechnogo irin. Da bambance-bambance daga cikin wadannan raka'a da kuma yawan sassan na wanda zai iya zama ko dai daya, ko dama.

Ka'idar aiki da kuma na asali zane abubuwa

Diesel locomotives Rasha (a gaskiya, kamar yadda sauran duniya) suna aiki a kan irin wannan asali manufa. A dizal engine na wadannan sufuri da na'urorin sabobin tuba sinadaran makamashi da ke faruwa a lokacin da konewa da man fetur zuwa inji makamashi - juyawa daga cikin crankshaft, wanda a nuna aika via da gogayya juyawa yana daukar kwayar cutar kai tsaye zuwa cikin dabaran yana da nau'i-nau'i. A key batu shi ne cewa shi na bukatar daidaituwa bayyana dizal locomotive halaye da kuma kai tsaye. A saboda wannan dalili, da kuma musamman shirye-shirye da aka halitta da cewa a yarda ta yi aiki locomotives.

Babban raka'a na locomotive ne: wani frame, a jiki, wani dizal engine, watsa, shasi, birki tsarin, Autocoupling na'urar. Daga cikin karin na'urorin bayyana: sanyaya tsarin, iska wadata dizal wuta extinguishing tsarin, lantarki da kayan aiki.

Iri kaya a yi amfani da locomotives

Railway sufuri na Rasha aiki a kan tushen da wadannan shirye-shirye, wato:

• Da wutar lantarki.
• Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.
• Hydromechanical.
• Inji.

Idan muka magana game inji watsa, ya kamata a nuna cewa shi yana da isasshe high dace, low nauyi, sauƙi na tabbatarwa. Duk da haka, akwai rashin shi, da kuma cewa shi ne a cikin makawa faru na jerks a lokacin da kaya canji.

Banana watsa samar da wani yawa more m gyara na locomotive gudun, amma yana da babban nauyi da kuma babban kudin gyara.

A mafi tam kayyade gudun watsa - na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa. Amma yana da matukar wuya a kan m da aiki m, da kuma ingancin ta tabbatarwa, ko hanya ta aiki sau da dama mafi Mehnichesky analogue.

Sassa na inji for locomotives

Kamar yadda smoothly za ta motsa locomotive a kan waƙoƙi dogara a kan zane na abin hawa-gini (inji) sassa, wanda ya hada da: a trolley tare da dabaran sets, aksali kwalaye da marẽmari (da suka located babban firam), jiki (riqe a kan duk sauran kayan aiki).

Dabaran biyu daga locomotives iya tuki (tuki) da kuma Muller (blank). Rail kai a Rasha yanzu yafi amfani da biyu daga tuki ƙafafun.

Modern Rasha layukan dogo

A halin yanzu mai tsanani tattalin arziki hakikar da horar da layukan dogo taka muhimmiyar rawa a cika jihar kasafin kudin. Ganin wannan al'amari, masana'antun wannan kayan aiki ana yin kowane kokarin inganta ta dace da kuma rage ta halin kaka. Saboda haka, da Bryansk na'ura-gini shuka a 2015 sabon locomotives 2TE25KM aka halicce su. Wannan tsari na samar da wani karuwa a cikin taro na hawa jiragen kasa, rage su sarrafawa yi. Injiniyoyi sun iya muhimmanci ƙara da yin amfani kudi na cikin dizal engine. A wannan yanayin, da direba ta gida yana daidai da duk} asashen duniya na ta'aziyya da kuma aminci. Yana amfani da m kariya tsarin da za a iya dogara kare locomotive ƙungiya daga rauni a taron na mai haɗari karo. Akwai kuma wani iska-motsa jiki da tsarin. Special m hita heats iska zuwa so zazzabi, idan ya cancanta.

Domin inganta ta'aziyya da ma'aikatan wadannan sabon locomotives suna sanye take da vibration-damping kayan a kan tushen. Abu mai muhimmanci ya karu da matakin na taksi ergonomics. Dukkan manyan gyara za a iya sauƙi isa ga tabbatarwa. Wannan al'amari iya rage da downtime na locomotive daffo a lokacin da ta shirya tabbatarwa ko na yau da kullum dubawa a lokacin tafiya.

A gabatarwa 2TE25KM, wanda ya faru a watan Afrilu 2015, ya samu halartar shugaban Rasha layukan dogo Yakunin, shugaban "Transmashholding" Bokarev, da kuma. game. Gwamnan na Bryansk yankin Bogomaz.

Yawan aiki a dogo kai

A general jiragen kasa layukan dogo samar game da 80% na jimlar yawa da kuma fiye da 40% na sufuri da na fasinjoji, duka biyu kewayen birni da a kara sadarwa.

Wadannan high yi goyon baya da abũbuwan amfãni daga dogo da sufuri, wanda su ne kamar haka:

• High dauke iya aiki.
• Yadda ya dace da girma kai a tsawon nisa.
• AMINCI da tsaro.
• In mun gwada low cost da kayayyakin.
• Mafi qarancin cutarwa tasirinsa ga yanayi, da kuma yanayi.

kasuwar ci gaba trends

Modern Rasha aikin injiniya a fuskar manyan masana'antun wajen rayayye masu tasowa sabon kasuwanni, aika da kayayyakin zuwa qasashe daban-daban a duniya. A wannan yanayin, da fasaha halaye na sabon kayayyakin a wata hanya mafi ƙaranci daga gare su waje takwarorinsu. La'akari daki-daki sabon dizal model a cikin labarin na iya zama a cikin photo. Diesel locomotives Rasha, samar da muka ambata a sama "Transmashholding", yanzu rayayye aiwatar da a kasashen Asiya kamar Uzbekistan. Kamar yadda zai zama musamman locomotives taimakawa wajen rike manyan sikelin-aiwatar da shirye-shirye da nufin a na zamani da Railway kai wannan Central Asia kasar.

Summing up, ana iya lura da cewa, ci gaban dogo kai zai zama tsauri. A sama-aka bayyana da abũbuwan amfãni a fili nuna rationality na zuba jari kudi a gaba da kuma aiwatar a yi na sabon locomotives, iya yin ayyuka sanya musu a wani yanayin da yanayin damina.