Astrakhan: gani da suke da daraja gani, birni Tours

Ko da yake tarihin Astrakhan yana da saiwoyinsa a cikin hazo, na lokaci, da gari, wanda aka sani a yau, da aka kafa a 1558, a lokacin da shi ya wani karamin gari ne, wanda yake mamba na Kazan kuma Astrakhan Khanate. Idan ba domin so na Rasha daular fadada da ilmi to tsakiya da kuma Lower Volga, to suna da damar yin amfani da Caspian Sea, tarihi na yankin da za a iya ci gaba a cikin wani mabanbanta labari.

Yau birnin Astrakhan, jan hankali da ake daidai kiyaye for 450 shekaru, shi ne abin mamaki matafiya tare da girma da kuma kyau.

Tarihi na gari

Rasha tarihi na birnin ya fara bayan a 1552 bayan kawanyar Kazan fadi. Wannan shãfe haske da rabo daga cikin Kazan Khanate rasa ta tasiri a cikin yanki. Astrakhan aka dauka a 1556, wanda nufi ƙarshen Accession na tsakiya da kuma Lower Volga yankin na Rasha.

Saboda tsohon wuri na birni ya m, kamar yadda aka located in bude steppe daga kõwane, an yanke shawarar gina wani sabon shiri a kan hagu banki na Volga River a kan wani tsauni, wanda shi ne na halitta kariya daga hare-hare.

Da farko, wani sabon birni da aka gina na itace, da na da wani maginin babbar katanga a kare, amma kamar yadda Ivan Grozny sha'awar wani karfi sansanin soja a kan wannan shafin, sa'an nan ta kowane hali nan da an jẽfa - mutane, kudi da kuma kayan.

Dalilin da harin da aka Crimean Turkish sojoji a 1569, wanda aka tsãwace, amma ya nuna muhimmancin Astrakhan. The gina wani sabon dutse Kremlin alama farkon gina castle, wanda ya} unshi jajircewar da fasali na Orthodox al'ummomi a duk su bambancin da kasashe suka yi rũgũguwar fita nan daga tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha.

A yi na dutse Kremlin ganuwar da aka kammala a 1589, da kuma gina garu da hasumiyai masu tsawo da aka kammala a farkon XVII karni. Total sansanin soja kunshi takwas hasumiya, uku daga abin da suke entrances zuwa ga birnin daga daban-daban hanyoyi.

A kauri daga cikin ganuwar da ikon mamakin kowa da kowa wanda ya shiga cikin birni. Astrakhan, inda gani da kuma fara da Kremlin a yau, ya kiyaye mafi yawan aukuwa daga cikin lokaci. Bayan da Kremlin ganuwar suna located a mafi muhimmanci lokacin da tsarin - arsenal na gunpowder cellar, sufi, hasumiyai na gida nobility da coci.

Tuni a farkon rabin na XVII karni, Astrakhan wani babban birni da wani girma yawan, a da kyau-raya cinikayya da sana'o'i.

Kremlin

Yana fara mayar lokacin Ivan da Munin cikin Kremlin ta yi aka kammala a zamanin mulkin Tsar Fedor Ivanovich a cikin Lokaci da matsaloli.

Wall tsawo daga uku zuwa 9.5 mita da kuma har zuwa uku mita m sun kyau kwarai da kariya a kan encroachments na Crimean Khanate da Baturke sake samu ƙasa. Babban ƙofar birni su Prechistenskie ƙofar, wanda aka located kusa da tallest gini a lokacin - da kararrawa hasumiya, kunsha na 4 hawa.

A mafi tsufa kiyaye gininsu daga Kremlin lokaci ne Zhitnyaya hasumiya located a wajen gefen kudu. Da zarar in ta yadi gine-gine dake for stockpile a harka na kewaye da birnin.

Mafi iko da kuma abin dogara da aka garu hasumiya, wanda aka buga a cikin Crimean Way kuma karbi wannan sunan. Hare-hare da Crimean Tatars sun m, amma ko da yaushe ya karfafa su su yi tsayayya.

Ciki da Kremlin yana da yawa soja, ƙungiyoyin da addini gine-gine na lokacin, kamar Cathedral na ɗauka.

babban coci

A site na Cathedral, wanda za a iya ziyarci yau, mun kasance sau biyu majami'u, daya daga wanda ke dilapidated, kamar yadda aka yi da itace, da kuma na biyu ya zama ma kananan ga hanzari girma birni.

Gina a 1710, sabon Cathedral of Astrakhan ne mai real fitacciyar gine na lokacin. Cathedral kunshi 2-tiers a cikin ƙananan zaunar kaburbura. Su da aka binne Jojiyanci sarakuna Vakhtang da Shida da kuma Teimuraz II da kuma Lardi na Astrakhan Iosif Svyaschennomuchenik da sauran membobin Ikklesiya matsayi.

A na sama na babban coci - shi ne fili da kuma cika da haske haikali biyu tiers na windows. Idan a 1702 bai nutse a sa na gine-gine, da Cathedral na ɗauka a yau zai yi daya manyan Dome. Saboda wannan lamarin, mai talented m na sansanin soja Mineev Dorofei canza na farko da shirin da kuma aka gina 5 domes, wanda yanzu admiring baƙi zuwa birni da mazauna.

A keɓewarsa ta na ƙananan coci da aka gudanar a 1707, yayin da saman ne taron ya faru ne kawai bayan gina a 1710.

Da yake babban coci birnin domin da dama ƙarni, shi da aka ƙwarai lalace a lokacin samuwar Soviet iko. Kawai, a 1992, ya aka canjawa wuri baya zuwa coci, da kuma fara aiki a kan ta sabuntawa. Yau, shi ne halin yanzu babban coci, iya tsaya a gaban jama'a a duk da ruwan tekun Atlantika kyakkyawa.

bishops fili

Mutane da yawa kiyaye Monuments girman kai a yau a birnin Astrakhan. Tarik, dating baya zuwa lokacin yi da Kremlin, "tsira" to yanzu lokaci, ba duka, amma Bishop ta tsakar gida ne mai dadi togiya.

Fili located a wajen gefen kudu na ɗauka Cathedral a farkon XVII karni kunshi kawai na bishop gidan. By 1677 ya gina a kusa da wadannan dutse da bẽnãye, da kuma a 1709 akwai wani sabon add-in, wanda ya hada da sunan da Cross Church of Our mai ceto.

Bayan da bishop gidan da aka lalace ta hanyar wuta a cikin marigayi XVIII karni, shi sun gina a kan na uku a masussuka, da kuma a cikin XIX karni wani. Bishop ta tsakar gida a matsayin daya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-gine a birnin ne a kan jerin for maimaitawa, da tsare-tsaren da wanda duk baya ƙara-kan za a iya cire wa mayar da asali bayyanar da ginin.

Cyril ɗakin sujada

Wani alama ce tsufa ne Cyril ta ɗakin sujada, located a kan titi. Trediakovsky 2 (Rasha, Astrakhan). A dalilin da shiri ya mu'ujiza bayyana da marigayi rector na Triniti Mai Tsarki sufi.

Cyril mutu a 1576, aka binne shi a cikin sufi, da kuma karamin katako ɗakin sujada da aka gina a kan kabarinsa. Yana da aka gina a take hakkin canonical dokoki na Orthodox, kamar yadda ƙofar shi ba zuwa yamma da kuma a gefen gabas.

Ragowar na farko mazaunin na sufi zauna a cikin ganuwar ta har 1677, amma gani da matarsa da ta fādawansa, mahukunta image a cikin abin da m Cyril tsaya a kan akwatin gawa da kuma hura wata wuta giciye, Astrakhan ceto daga wuta.

A girmamawa ga mazaunin ãyõyi saura aka reburied gaba da sufi, da kuma sama da su, sun gina wani dutse ɗakin sujada a duk canonical dokoki. Kamar yadda irin wannan, ta gana da yawon bude ido da kuma bauta a yau.

fari birni

Tarihi, Astrakhan yankuna da aka kafa domin ganuwar da Kremlin, kuma sun kasance 'yan dasa.

A 1631 na zama gine-gine da kuma craft sahu a gefen gabas na sansanin soja a kan tudun, ya kewaye da garu mai arfi, da kuma zama da aka sani da White City. Ko da yake yankin da aka sau biyu da Kremlin, shi ne bai isa ba ga duk Baƙi daga Central Rasha, don haka ga su, wani sabon shiri kira maginin birni. Sunan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sabon gundumomi gina a kusa da wani maginin babbar katanga da katako kufaifan.

Ƙaddarãwar White City a zamani Astrakhan yana da guda juna kamar yadda a cikin m XVII karni. Na hada ya kunshi gine-gine na yankin ake kiyaye Demidov tsakar gida da kuma alfarwa hasumiya, da kawai tunatarwa Mai Tsarki Transfiguration sufi. Kuma sha'awar a baya gine-gine, kamar gidajen yan kasuwa daga Gabas da kuma masallatai.

Bugu da kari ga tsohon bangaren birnin da na Astrakhan jan hankali da aka gina a wani lokaci daga baya, amma zama mai muhimmanci a cikin gine-gine da gungu na wannan wuri.

yar tsana Wasan Kwaikwayo

Ko da yake Astrakhan yar tsana gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana dauke da za a kafa a shekarar 1986, a real gida daga artists da matasa baƙi zo bayan motsi wa tsohon estate na m Bashkina a shekarar 1991

Biyu-storey m gini dating baya zuwa farkon na XIX karni, da aka sayo a 1889 da m Grigoriev kuma sāke gina. Modern look shi samu kawai a 1910, bayan da yawa tarawa. Kafin 1917, shi housed bankuna da kuma tsada shagunan.

M gini, underwent gyara a farkon 90-ies na XX karni, ya zama dace da nuni na Theatrical wasanni. A gini na yar tsana gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne a cikin jerin gine-gine da Monuments na tarayya muhimmanci.

Abin tunawa ga Gabdulla Tukai

Mutane ta mawãƙi Gabdulla Tukai ne kafa classic Tatar wallafe-wallafe.

Tukai aka haife shi a Kazan a 1886, a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu, da kuma a can ya rasu daga rashin lafiya, a 1913, a kan Afrilu 15, kafin su kai ga dvadtsatisemiletiya. Tatar mutane Gabdulla riskarsa kamar wani matsari a fuskar azzãlumai. A mawãƙi dauki bangare a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci ƙungiyoyi na 1905, zuwa buga wata jarida, wanda aka buga masa ayoyin, tafiya mai yawa, da ke cikin Astrakhan, St. Petersburg, Ufa da kuma sauran birane na kasar Rasha.

A ta gajeren rayuwa ta bar wani babban sawun Tukai a Tatar wallafe-wallafe. A memory na ziyara a Astrakhan babban waƙen a cikin tsohon Tatar unguwar abin tunawa ga Gabdulla Tukai aka bayyana a 2013

Kuma haka dai aka mayar da memory na mutum wanda ya sõyayya da na kowa mutane na daban-daban daga kasashe a cikin wani na kowa gwagwarmayar da 'yanci da mutumci.

Tarik waje Astrakhan

Ba kawai domin ta tarihi gine-gine shahara Astrakhan. Reviews ce game da wani musamman janye, located 130 km daga birnin. A nan, a shekarar 1965, za mu fara tono cewa wahayi zuwa duniya babban birnin kasar na Golden taro, Batu gina a tsakiyar XIII karni.

"Saraya-Batu" ya zama wani bude iska gidan kayan gargajiya, saboda shi yin fim "The taro" (2011), bayan da akwai kayan ado, kamar yadda kusa da tarihi epoch na Golden taro.

A yau shi ne mai zaman kanta gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda nuna kara tono na zamanin d babban birnin kasar.

Astrakhan kama kifi

Babu kasa janye kama kifi a Astrakhan. A birni ya kasance kullum shahara a matsayin wani wuri tare da ci gaba kamfanonin kamun kifi.

Tun Yuli da kuma karshen watan Oktoba a wannan yankin zo kama kifi masoya, da kyau wurare da hutu wurare domin wannan Astrakhan yawa. A cikin Volga masunta jiran wani babban kama da irin kifi, catfish, whitefish da perch. Kifi sosai cewa kama bar ko da sabon shiga.

shekara-zagaye yawon shakatawa

Godiya ga wannan yawa na kama kifi a Astrakhan - wani riba da sana'ar yawon shakatawa, ya bude wani sabon hutu cibiyar a wuraren da kyau biting. Astrakhan hunturu babu kasa m fiye da a lokacin rani holidays.

Ganin cewa a duk hotels da kuma mura a lokacin sanyi kakar ne mai rahusa, masoya na kankara kama kifi da kuma hunturu wasanni zabi zuwa zo a wannan lokaci.