Namomin kaza shlyapochnye. Yadda za a ci amanita?

Kamar yadda bambancin duniya na fungi, wadannan halittu na dabi'a, bai wa wasu kaddarorin da kuma shuke-shuke, da dabbobi! Ba haka ba da dadewa, a shekarar 1970, masana kimiyya sun ware su a cikin wani na musamman daula (a cikin farkon, da yawa namomin kaza ranked a matsayin shuke-shuke). A kimiyya da cewa ya bayyana rayuwar jinsuna daban na fungi, zama da aka sani mycology (o).

mulki babba

Za ka riga san cewa shi ne, ba kawai fari, boletus, man shanu namomin kaza, namomin kaza da sauran fungi shlyapochnye da abin da muka hadu a cikin gandun daji, tattara su don dafa abinci. Kuma ba kawai wadanda namomin kaza da kawa namomin kaza cewa dot shelves da manyan kantunan ke yi. Mulkin fungi - The most rukuni na kwayoyin da suke zaune a kan duniyarmu, daga cikin sauki da kuma ganuwa zuwa ido tsirara to Thread-porcini Refayawa cewa zai iya samar da tsari, kamar hikaya, kananan dabbobi da kwari. Kuma amanita - kawai kananan, amma lalle wani muhimmin kashi na ya fi girma al'umma. Game da su da wani abu da aka tattauna a yau.

Janar halaye

Wadannan sun hada da na farko, kuma farkon sanannen daji namomin kaza: fari, da Aspen, boletus da kuma namomin kaza, russula da amanita, namomin kaza da namomin kaza da yawa wasu. Suna girma a cikin gandun daji - deciduous da coniferous, swamps, fadamun, kusa da ruwa. Kuma a cikin su za a iya samu a wuraren shakatawa da kuma jama'a, gõnaki, kuma gonaki. Yana da aka hada da wasu daga cikin wadannan tãtsũniyõyin na mutanen duniya, shi ne su yi amfani da mafi yawa a cikin abinci, kamar yadda da yawa daga wadannan halittu yanayi ne edible da kuma amfani ga mutane.

Namomin kaza da kuma mutane

amanita play a cikin rayuwar mutane a sosai muhimmiyar rawa. A farko wuri, musamman a zamanin da, shi ne daya daga cikin abincin da kafofin. A namomin kaza da yawa na gina jiki, ma'adanai da kuma bitamin, wanda damar da su zuwa zauna a cancantar wuri a cikin mutum kayayyakin abinci, da kuma a yanzu lokaci. shlyapochnye fungi za a iya shirya da wani iri-iri na dafuwa tafiyar matakai. Kuma tare da su sa hannu a cikin duniyar kitchen yi a tsakanin jama'a daban-daban na Duniya, akwai daruruwan dadi jita-jita.

symbiosis

Na bayar da muhimmanci ne shlyapochnye fungi kuma mafi girma shuke-shuke. Mafi yawansu - saprotrophs da rayuwa ne kawai a tare da tare da itatuwa (af, shi da aka nuna a wasu daga cikin sunayen sarauta: boletus, boletus, misali). Yadda za a ci shlyapochnye namomin kaza? A mycelium aka tam rauni a kusa da tushen Sponges, yin wani asali aiki na tushen hairs, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da cikakken ceto na ganga da kuma jikewa da na gina jiki, ma'adanai da kuma ruwa. A itace namomin kaza daga shlyapochnye shirya shirye organics, da kuma wanda aka sarrafa a cikin inorganic mahadi, wanda aiki a matsayin ikon domin mafi girma shuke-shuke. Saboda haka, shi bayyana a symbiosis na dama iri hadin gwiwa, da ake kira mycorrhiza.

fruiting jiki

A gaskiya, abin da muke kira a naman kaza ne kawai na daga cikin dukan kwayoyin, 'ya'yan jiki. Wani (da kuma babban) part - mycelium - da yake a ɓõye daga view a cikin ƙasa, humus-arziki, ko na banza itace. Mafi yawa daga cikin jinsunan fungi mycelium, da mycelium an hada da yawa hyphae. Daga cikin wadannan, wasu a karkashin sharadi gwargwado (ruwan sama, dumi weather) da kuma siffar fruiting jikin fungi pileate, su fito zuwa surface. Yawancin lokaci da suka kunshi iyakoki da kuma mai tushe (amma akwai monovarianty: kawai hat).

Tubular da farantin

Ka yiwuwa riga san abin da shlyapochnye namomin kaza ne a cikin yanayi? Suna subdivided cikin tubular da farantin. A cikin farko - muhawara, wanda akayi nufi don yaduwa, za a iya kafa a cikin kunkuntar tubules hula da ciwon tubular siffar. A karo na biyu - da rigingimu suna located in hula faranti.

gaba-gaba

Da hulunansu wajen fleshy, wani lokacin na roba, leathery da webbed. Mafi shahara: russula, volnushki, namomin kaza, namomin kaza, namomin kaza, kuma da yawa wasu iri blewits. Syroezhek kadai, akwai game da 300 jinsunan! Mafi yawa daga cikinsu edible da kuma al'ada coined da mutum abinci a salted, Boiled, soyayyen. Wasu suna quite pungent dandano cewa vuya da soaking da kuma tafasar. Tsiwirwirinsu musamman shahararsa namomin kaza, wanda kuma yana da wani iri-iri iri, mafi yawan abin da - ne edible. Namomin kaza ana kuma alaka da lamellar namomin kaza sau da yawa girma da sauƙi a cikin ƙasa, kuma taki a kan natsuwa da makiyaya. Sau da yawa samar madauwari shiri, wanda aka popularly kira "mayya zobe".

tubular

Su a cikin yanayi, akwai kadan kasa da 250 jinsunan. Da suka faru a ko'ina cikin temperate latitudes na wasu kasashe na duniya. Shin matashin kai-hat, zagaye da fleshy. A tubular Layer hula ne quite kawai peeled kashe. An sani cewa da yawa tubular zo a symbiosis da hakan shuke-shuke - itatuwa wasu irin. Kusan duk tubular edible. A mafi kyau a san su ne: fari, Aspen, boletus, Mokhovikov, boletus. Wasu daga cikin shambura dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki ma maganin rigakafi cewa zai iya kashe pathogens.

wucin gadi namo

A cikin sharuddan namo da kuma wucin gadi namo namomin kaza: saboda mutane da yawa ga alama tubular malovozmozhnym. Tun da sun wanzu ne a symbiosis tare da wasu itatuwa. Saboda haka, don jan iri, misali, Birch namomin kaza a kan wani ciniki sikelin zai bukaci a dukan ƙasar birchwood. Amma namo wasu daga farantin ne ba kawai zai yiwu, amma kuma an samu nasarar yi amfani da mutane da dama ƙarni. Saboda haka, da kwarewa da kiwo mutane naman kaza yana zuwa shekaru 300. Kuma yanzu rare kawa girma a cikin rigar ginshiki, da babban rabo mai girma.

polypore

Polypore - amanita-m infests itatuwa da kuma iya lalata su katako. Known lokutta na tinder, ku auna nauyi 10 kilo. Suna kullum located a kan bishiya. Kuma bayan rasuwar itacen tinder na dogon lokaci, za a iya ci gaba da rayuwa, zubarda itace da kuma ciyar a kan Rotting gawar wani itace.

m amanita

Musamman hatsari ga mutane masu guba amanita, wanda zai iya haifar da tsananin guba. Daga cikin wadannan, mafi m dauke kodadde toadstool. Idan ka ci shi (ko da bayan ya welded baya), shi zai iya kai ga mutuwa.

Muhomori, ƙarya namomin kaza, cholic da satanical namomin kaza ma ya haifar da hašari zuwa mutane. A cikin wani hali ba za a iya ci abinci. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, wadannan namomin kaza ne edible kuma nunka, irin wannan a zahiri. Wannan kara kara habaka da hadarin daukana namomin kaza. Kuma kafin ka tafi a kan wani naman kaza farauta, dole ne ka koyi ga fili fahimtar irin namomin kaza, ba ya zama wanda aka azabtar da abinci mai guba. Wasu shlyapochnye - yanaye edible. Wadannan sun hada da: svinushki, morels da kuma Lines. A cikin wadannan abubuwa masu cutarwa an cire ta maimaita tafasar da ruwa musayar. Dole ne mu tuna novice naman kaza tsince tsincen, wasu namomin kaza, ko da la'akari edible, na iya zama guba idan aka tattara tare da layin dogo ko gwadabe. Wannan shi ne saboda fungi ayan sha cutarwa abubuwa secreted da locomotives da kuma motoci. Saboda haka, za for namomin kaza, shi ne mafi kyau ga delve kara shiga cikin gandun daji.

Abinda ke ciki na wannan labarin za a iya amfani da ilmin halitta da darasi a kan "amanita" (Grade 5).