Nadezhda Durova. Heroes na War of 1812

Sai ya faru wani lokacin cewa real biography daga mutãne m ga haske labaru na kasada litattafan. Wani lokaci wannan ita ce saboda da unpredictable rayuwa rikice-rikice, wanda samun mutane da suke so, da kuma wani lokacin shi ya zama mai mahaliccin nasa musamman kaddara, ba so su matsa a kan sau ɗaya kuma domin duk kafa hanya. Shi ne irin mutanen sun hada da mace ta farko jami'in na Rasha sojojin Nadezhda Andreevna Durova.

Ƙananan yara, nan gaba hussar

Haife nan gaba "trooper-yarinya" Satumba 17, 1783, a Kiev. Akwai nan da nan ya bukatar bayani: a cikin "Notes" ta nuna a 1789, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da yake sabis a Cossack rajimanti Hope musamman rage da shekaru shida shekaru, auku kansa kashe matsayin sosai yaro da cewa bayyana rashin fuska gashi.

Fate zai yi da shi, daga farko kwanakin ransa Nadezhda Durova ya matu a cikin soja yanayi. Mahaifinta Andarawas V. hussar sojan doki kyaftin, kuma regimental iyali jagoranci wani yawo rayuwa. Mahaifiyarta, Nadezhda, 'yar wani m mallaki gidaje da kuma Poltava, dabam-dabam eccentric da unbridled fushi, ya auri kan buri na iyaye, ko, kamar yadda suka ce, "sata".

Wannan ta halin taka sosai mummuna rawa a cikin rayuwar 'yarsa. Dreaming na haihuwar dansa, uwarsa ƙi ta jariri yarinya da wata rana a lokacin da cewa kawai a shekara haihuwa, ya fusata tana kuka, suka yar da yaron ya fita ta taga na karusa racing. Tsĩrar da Nadia Hussars, wanda aka tafiya alama da kuma hanya ta share sama a ƙura bloodied yaro.

The matasa almajiri kõfatansu a kan duwatsu warriors

Don kauce wa sake aukuwar haka, mahaifinsa aka tilasta wa 'yarsa tada wani baƙo, amma izuwa irin tausayi da mutum - hussar Astakhov, wanda Nadia rayu har da shekaru biyar. Daga baya, a cikin memoirs Durov rubuta cewa a cikin wadannan shekaru hussar sirdi maye gurbin ta shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma toys da kuma amusements da dawakai, da bindigogi da kuma gallant soja music. Wadannan farkon yara abubuwan za su yi babbar rawa a siffata da hali na nan gaba trooper yarinya.

A koma cikin Musulunci

A 1789 Andrey murabus da kuma procured wani wuri magajin gari a cikin birnin na Sarapul , Vyatka lardin. A yarinya ya mayar a cikin iyali a kula da shi da uwa tasa, wanda, tun da aka tsunduma a ta tarbiyyar, kokarin a banza domin qarfafa a 'yarta a soyayya na needlework da kuma iyali. Nadia kasance cikakken dan hanya zuwa duk da cewa ya dauki a wadannan shekaru ta Sahaban - rai hussar rayu a cikin yarinya. Lokacin da ya yi girma, sai mahaifina ya ba ta m doki a kan Cherkassy mai suna Alcides, wanda ƙarshe ya zama ta abokinka da kuma yaƙi fiye da sau daya da aka ajiye a wani rumbun minti daya.

auren dole

Nan da nan kan kai ƙarfinsa Nadezhda Durova aka aure. Yana da wuya a ce abin da aka mafi shiryuwa, da iyayenta: marmarin tsara makomar 'yarsa da kuma son sayar da sauri tare da hannun "hussar a skirt." Saukar da wani hanya, ta tafi tare da shiru da kuma kadan ƙwarai mutum - Vasiliem Stepanovichem Chernovym, suka yi aiki a wannan birni a matsayin faduwa hukunci.

A shekara daga baya, Hope haifi wani yaro, amma ba m ji a gare shi ba dandana, da wannan al'amari, kuma ga matarsa. A qiyayyarsu da yaro ta ya gano kanta da cikakken tsawo na kansa uwa. Hakika, da aure aka ƙaddara su daga farkon, kuma nan da nan, sa zuciya bar mijinta, ya bar shi tare da kawai tunanin na kasa soyayya haka kadan ɗa.

A tsakiyar rayuwa a kan wani spirited doki

Durova taƙaice koma gidansa, amma shi hadu kawai fushin mahaifiyarsa, perturbed ta hutu tare da mijinta. Ta zama unbearably rashin iska a cikin wannan m da featureless rayuwa yakukuwan da County mazaunan. Amma nan da nan da rabo sa ta a kyauta a cikin sunan Cossack Captain da wanda Hope ko da yaushe ya fita m gidan. Ɓadda a matsayin mutumin da yankan gashi, ta aka kwashe a kan ta Alcide bayan da matasa lover, bayyanar da cewa ya sauransu ya Batman.

A lokacin da wannan lokaci, Nadezhda Durova, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da gangan understate su shekaru: Cossacks bisa ga ka'ida da ya sa gyammansu, da kuma jin kunya daga shi ne kawai zai iya zama a wani lõkaci, nufin farkon shekara. Amma don kauce wa ganewa, mu yi karshe bar Captain kuma nemi wurare a cikin sojan doki Lancers, inda gyammansu ba. Akwai ta shiga sabis a karkashin wani zaci sunan Alexander Vasilyevich Sokolov - ɗan wani bafada kuma mallaki gidaje.

A farko yaƙi da George Cross ga ƙarfin zuciya

Suka tafi a 1806, da kuma Rasha sojojin dauki bangare a fadace-fadace da Napoleon, ya shiga tarihi a matsayin War na hudu hadin gwiwa. A da Hauwa'u na da zuwan yakin duniya na II. Nadezhda Andreevna Durova shiga daidai da maza a cikin da dama daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace da lokaci da kuma a ko'ina nuna kwarai heroism. Domin ceto Sinawan da wani rauni jami'in bayar da ta soja George Cross da aka zarar ciyar da su ba izini sanda. Cikin wannan lokaci, babu wani daga cikin wasu ba su ma san cewa image na kõfatansu a kan duwatsu warriors boye wani matashi da m mace.

m daukan hotuna

Amma kamar yadda ka sani, kisan kai da ba za su boye. Irin wannan dogon-kiyaye asirin Nadezhda Andreyevna zarar ya zama sananne umurninSa. Yana bayar da kansa wasika da aka rubuta wa ubansa a kan Hauwa'u na daya daga cikin fadace-fadace. Ba tare da sanin ko dai ya zauna da rai, Hope ya tambayi gãfara ga dukan sa zuwa gare shi, shi da uwarsa aka qaddara fuskanta. Kafin wannan, Andrey bai san inda 'yarsa, amma a yanzu, da ciwon m bayanai, koma zuwa umarnin sojojinsa su koma cikin gudun hijira gida.

Daga hedkwatar domin ya nan da nan, da kuma shugaban rajimanti, wanda aiki a matsayin Nadezhda Durova, gaggawa aika ta zuwa St. Petersburg, ya tauye da makami da kuma sanya shi dogara da kariya. Daya iya kawai yayata abin da ya dauki na abokan aiki, don gano wanda a zahiri ya juya daga gare su, ko da yake beardless, amma m da m saja ...

A mafi masu sauraro tare da Sarkin sarakuna

A halin yanzu da jita-jita da m warriors kai Mamallaki Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I, da kuma lokacin da Nadezhda Andreevna zo a cikin babban birnin kasar, nan take ya kama ta a fada. Bayan ji da labarin cewa ya samu mata matasa, su shiga daidai da maza a cikin yãƙi, kuma mafi muhimmanci, fahimta cewa sojojin kawo ta ba soyayya al'amarinsu, da kuma muradinmu na bauta wa ƙasar, da sarki yarda Nadezhda Andreyevna ci gaba da zama a cikin fama raka'a da kuma na sirri ta Order ya sanya shi zuwa ga daraja da biyu leftana.

Bugu da ƙari, domin ci gaba da ta da dangi bai halitta matsala, Sarkin sarakuna aika ta zuwa ga bauta a Mariupol Hussars karkashin zaci sunan Aleksandra Andreevicha Aleksandrova. Bugu da ƙari, ta ba da dama, idan ya cancanta, yin aikace-aikace kai tsaye zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna. Irin wannan gata a lokacin amfani kawai da mafi cancantar mutane.

regimental vaudeville

Kamar wancan Nadezhda Durova - da trooper-yarinya da kuma mace ta farko jami'in a Rasha, kuma yana daga Mariupol Hussars. Amma shi nan da nan ya faru da ita labarin, kuma ya cancanci a mai ladabi vaudeville. Gaskiyar cewa newfound leftana da wani murkushe 'yar wani regimental kwamandan. Hakika, ta na da wani ra'ayin game da wanda yake a zahiri ta ƙaunataccen Alexander Andreyevich. Uba - Kanar fama da daraja mutum - gaske da kuma amince da zabi na 'yarsa da dukan zuciyata so ta farin ciki tare da wani matashi da irin wannan mai dadi jami'in.

A halin da ake ciki ne sosai yaji. Maid bushe daga soyayya da hawaye Lila da baba ya juyayi, ba da sanin dalilin da ya sa leftana ba ya je ka tambaye shi ya mika 'yarsa. Nadezhda Andreyevna ya bar don haka gaugawa karɓe ta karɓa Hussars da kuma ci gaba da bauta a Ulan rundujar soja masu dawaki - kuma, ba shakka, a karkashin wani ƙarya sunan ƙãga, ta kaina sarki-sarki.

A farkon yakin duniya na II

A 1809, da makamantansu Durov aika zuwa Sarapul, inda mahaifinta har yanzu aiki a matsayin su magajin gari. A gidansa ta rayu shekara biyu, kuma in an jima kafin Napoleonic mamayewa sake tafi bauta a cikin Lithuanian Lancers. Shekara guda daga baya, Nadezhda Andreevna umarce rabin-rundujar soja masu dawaki. A shugaban ya Lancers matsananciyar ta na da hannu a cikin mafi daga cikin manyan yaƙe- 1812 yaki shekaru. Ya yi yaƙi a Smolensk da Kolotskim sufi, da kuma a Borodino kare Semenov shahara flushes - wani yana kokarin muhimmanci tsarin kunshi uku kufaifan. Akwai ta samu damar zuwa yãƙi gefe da gefe da Bagration.

ma'ana a-Chief

Ba da da ewa Durov aka rauni da kuma bar domin magani ga ubansa a Sarapul. Bayan dawo, ta sake koma wa cikin sojojin da kuma aiki a matsayin mai ma'ana Kutuzov, tare da Kutuzov kasance daya daga cikin 'yan da suka san wanda ya ta da gaske ya. Lokacin da Rasha sojojin a cikin 1813, ya ci gaba da ayyukan soji a waje na Rasha, Nadezhda Andreevna zauna a cikin sahu, kuma a cikin fadace-fadace domin kwata 'yanci na Jamus daga Napoleonic sojojin bambanta a lokacin da kewaye na sansanin soja Modlin da kama daga Hamburg.

Rayuwa bayan ritaya

Bayan da nasara karshen yaki, wannan ban mamaki mace a 'yan shekaru bayan hidima da Tsar da Fatherland, ya yi ritaya tare da daraja na ma'aikatan-kyaftin. Chin Hope Durova yarda ta ta sami rayuwa fensho da kuma bayar da quite wani dadi zama. Ta zauna a Sarapul tare da mahaifinsa, amma lokaci-lokaci zauna a Yelabuga inda ta sami gidan. A shekaru ciyar a cikin sojojin, hõre ta a Nadezhda Andreevna alamar fiye da, watakila, da bayyana yawa oddities cewa an yi bikin duk da maza kusa da ita a lokacin.

Daga cikin memoirs na Sahaban san cewa har zuwa karshen rayuwar ta, ta tafi ta maza ta dress da dukan takardun da ake sa hannu kawai da sunan Aleksandrova Aleksandra Andreevicha. Daga wasu kamar yadda ake bukata nufin kanta kawai a namiji jinsi. Ra'ayi cewa da kaina ga ta da mace ta sau daya ne, ya mutu, aka kawai kafa ta siffarsa tare da wani ya yi-up sunan.

Wani lokacin da ta je matuƙa. Alal misali, lokacin da wata rana da danta, Ivan Vasilevich Chernov (guda daya da ta yi da zarar bar, da barin mijinta), ya aiko ta wata wasika tambayar su albarkace shi zuwa aure, ta ga wani roko ya ta "Mamma," ƙone harafi ba tare da ko karanta. Shi ne kawai bayan dan rubuta sake, yana nufin shi a matsayin Aleksandru Andreevichu, daga karshe ya samu uwar ta albarka.

wallafe-wallafen aikin

Akuma ga sauran bayan da soja aiki, Nadezhda Andreevna tafiyar da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan. A 1836, a shafukan na "Littafi" sun ta tunanin, baya aiki a matsayin tushen ga sanannen "Notes", wanda aka buga a wannan shekara karkashin lakabi "Trooper-yarinya." Ya yaba ta iyawa kamar yadda wani marubuci ya A. S. Pushkin, wanda Durov hadu ta hanyar da ɗan'uwansa Basil, wanda da kaina san da babban waƙen. A karshe version na ta memoirs aka buga a 1839, kuma ya yi wani babban hit, lamarin da ya marubucin ya ci gaba da aiki.

Karshen rayuwa trooper budurwai

Amma, duk da kome da kome, in ya ragewa kwanaki Durov ya sosai m. A mafi kusa da shi wanzu a cikin wadannan shekaru akwai da yawa bala'in, wanda Nadezhda Andreevna tsince inda zan iya kawai. Ta rasu a 1866 a Yelabuga, kafin shekaru tamanin da biyu. A gabansa da m mutuwa, shi bai canja ba su halaye, da kuma wasiyya da jana'izar sabis kanta a karkashin wani namiji sunan - bawan Allah Alexander. Duk da haka, da Ikklesiya firist ba zai iya karya da coci tsarin mulki kuma ya ki cika na karshe buri. Otpeli Nadezhda Andreevna cikin saba hanya, amma janaizar ya ba ta soja karrama.

Haife a zamanin mulkin Catherine II, ta kasance wani zamani na biyar shugabanni na sarki kursiyin Rasha da kuma gama su hanya zuwa zamanin Alexander II, kafin su isa na kauda tashe serfdom. Saboda haka ya shige daga - amma ba daga mutanen da ta memory - Nadezhda Durova, biography cewa spanned wani dukan zamanin tarihin kasarmu.

Memory sauran for ƙarni

M zuriyarsa Fata Durova kokarin dorewar ta sunan. A 1901, wani na sarki umurnin Nicholas II Kabarin da aka gina a kan kabarinsa na bikin sojan doki-na farko. The jana'izar epitaphs aka kwarzana da kalmomi, gaya game da fama hanya cewa ya tashi zuwa ga daraja da Nadezhda Durova, da kuma nuna godiyarsa ga wannan jaruntakar mace. A shekarar 1962, a kan daya daga cikin lungu na birnin shakatawa birni da mazauna ma samu a fasa da ya shahara compatriot.

Tuni a cikin post-Soviet lokaci, a 1993, da wani abin tunawa ga Nadezhda Durova da aka bude a kan Triniti Square Yelabuga. Its mawallafa ne sculptor F. F. Lyah kuma m SL Buritsky. Kada ka zauna a gefe da kuma Rasha marubuta. A shekarar 2013, a bikin na 230th cika shekaru ta haihuwa a cikin ganuwar Yelabuga Jihar Museum-Reserve busa waqe kishin Nadezhda Durova rubuta da yawa sanannun kasida daga baya kuma mu Sahaban.