"Mriya" AN-225. Reviews, dalla-dalla, photos. Tã kai da jirgin sama

Jiragen An-225 "Mriya", wanda suna located kasa da photo, shi ne mafi nauyi-taƙawa daga cikin jirgin sama na duk da cewa taba tashi a cikin iska. The most of ta takeoff nauyi ne daidai to 640 tons. Samar da tsari ba saboda bukatar da za a gina wani iska kai tsarin da bukatun da aikin reusable Soviet kumbon sama jannati "Buran". Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan lokacin da jirgin sama, akwai daya kwafin. Duk da wannan, kuma mafi za a tattauna a daki-daki a kasa.

Domin tsara

A tsakiyar 1988, da Soviet gwamnatin umurci Antonov Design ofishin wajen samar da aikin da ya gina wani sabon jirgin sama. Babban bukata, wanda aka sa a gaba gare shi, za su iya safarar kumbon sama jannati "Buran". Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama ne za a yi nufin amfani da wannan filin na aiki kamar yadda sufuri da jirgin sama, wanda zai zama saboda shi don gudanar da harkokin sufuri na manyan kayan aiki ga mai, yi da kuma hakar ma'adinai masana'antu.

magabacinsa

Bugu da kari ga duk sauran bukatun, kafin zanen kaya yana da aiki kamar yadda zai yiwu don rage kudin da sabon jirgin sama. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole domin rage lokaci na ginin. A wannan batun, sai suka yanke shawarar kafa da zane, kazalika da asali raka'a da aka gyara a cikin wasu manyan model - da AN-124 "Ruslan". Ya kamata a lura cewa a wannan lokaci shi, lalle fi jerin "Best Ukrainian jirage" (photo jirgin ruwa a kasa).

Its farko jirgin wannan shafi sanya a karshen shekarar 1982. Its kai halaye suna daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya. A daukan hankali da hujja ne da cewa bayan bayyanar "Ruslan" wasu daga cikin duniya ta Aerospace kamfanonin sun fara rayayye tata su iska kai jirgin ruwa. Wannan kuma ya shafi Amirkawa wanda gaggawa inganta aikin "Lockheed" - C-5A "Galaxy".

A na farko binciken ya nuna cewa nauyi kai da jirgin sama a kan irin wannan Manuniya a matsayin kaya iya aiki, ya iya kawo bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa ne ba kawai "Buran" tsarin, har ma da oxygen da kuma hydrogen tankuna na roka "Energy" a cikin docked jihar. A daya hannun, saboda wutsiya gashinsa odnokilevym waje kai dogon lodi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba.

key canje-canje

Designers sun canja ga "Mriya" zane na fuka-fuki. A dangane da Bugu da kari na ƙarin sassan na cibiyar ya karu da lokacinta. The zane ga reshe firam a kan pylons ne guda, amma su yawan karu zuwa shida. Idan girman da fuselage giciye-sashe, idan aka kwatanta da baya gyara, ya kasance guda, jimlar tsawon na ƙwanso karu. Domin ya rage nauyi, an yanke shawarar a kan kawar da kaya tailgate da dukkan na'urorin tsara don loading da Ana saukewa. Domin samun load sashe na hanci na jirgin da yistin. A cikin duka, da bude ko rufe na gangara daukan game da minti goma. Don "Ruslan" model kafa biyar raba sigogi da twin ƙafafun, wanda sun kasance zaunanniyar ga shasi, a cikin An-225 ƙara musu yawan zuwa bakwai. Empennage ga yiwuwar kai kaya waje na jiki da aka yi biyu-keel.

gabatarwa

AN-225 "Mriya" da aka gabatar ga Soviet jama'a Janar Designer na Antonov hukumar, PV Balabuevym, Nuwamba 30, 1988. A lokaci guda, injiniyoyi farko jiragen birgima daga taron shuka. A 'yan kwanaki baya da na'ura za ta yi da farko horar da a factory Airfield, wato gudu a gudu har zuwa 200 km / h, ya jũya da kuma hawa da gaban tara shasi. Fabrairu 1, 1989 a filin jirgin sama "Borispol" da aka fara nuna wa kasashen waje masana da kuma 'yan jarida.

A farko Take-kashe

Da farko, da zanen shirya yin su halarta a karon a cikin Take-kashe iska Disamba 20, 1988. Duk da haka, saboda mummunan yanayi (da tsananin iska da kuma low girgije) da wannan taron da aka dakatarda. A wannan gaskiya ne gobe. Duk da wannan, bayan da gudu-har zuwa 950 mita, cikin jirgin ruwan sauƙi kashe a kasa da kuma fara hawa. Da farko shafi jirgin dade 1 hour, 14 minutes. Babban abu da zai ƙayyade lõkacin da ta constructors AN-225 "Mriya" - halaye na da jirgin ruwa management system, kazalika da daidaito da kuma AMINCI aiki na kan-jirgin kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, da injiniyoyi da su tata da nata irin gyare-gyare da inji. Bisa ga sakamakon da jirgin, suka zo ga ƙarshe cewa duk tsarin da aka gyara aiki a cika daidai da lasafta data. Disamba 28, 1988 jiragen za'ayi wani rajistan shiga jirgin.

records

A 22 ga watan Maris, 1989 aka sosai sabon abu da Jirgi jirgin jirgin sama "Mriya" (An-225). Fasaha halaye na shafi ba duk preconditions, to karya da dama duniya records. A cikin shiri domin wannan taron kuzari kwararru da yawa - testers, designers, fasaha, injiniyoyi da kuma matukan jirgin. Bayan yin la'akari da hukumar dukiya, wanda nauyi ya 156,3 ton, man filler-ramuka da aka shãfe haske. Next, wani jirgin ruwa ba tare da matsaloli tashi a cikin iska, da kuma bayan minti 45 sai nasarar komai a fili. A lokacin wannan dan gajeren lokaci cikin AN-225 "Mriya" m 110 duniya records. Previous nasara na American "Boeing 747-400" a irin wannan Manuniya a matsayin matsakaicin takeoff nauyi da aka wuce da kamar yadda 104 tons. Reviews Masana sun shaida cewa, An-225 na jiran mai girma da kuma haske nan gaba.

Performance na babban raga

Duk abin da ya, saitin duniya na rubũta shi ba babban burin a gina sababbin abubuwa. Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, kafin jirgin sama m shine ya safarar da sarari hadaddun "Buran". Da farko jirgin da irin wannan wani nauyi a cikin "baya" shafi sanya May 13, 1989, a lokacin da shi ya isa zuwa ga cosmodrome "Baikonur". The ƙungiya, jagorancin A. Galunenkom, iya tabbatar maneuverability na jirgin ruwa tare da "Buran" a kan jirgin, kazalika don auna da man fetur amfani da gudun jirgin a da dama yanayi. Kwana goma bayan cewa, jirgin kwashe thro jirgin a kan hanya "Baikonur-Kiev". A nesa na 2700 kilomita a cikin wannan harka da aka shawo kan for 4 hour da minti 25. Hotuna daga cikin mafi girma da jirgin sama a duniya tare da "Buran" a kan jirgin ne da aka ba a kasa.

A farko kasuwanci jirgin

A wasansa na farko kasuwanci jirgin na An-225 ya sanya a watan Mayu 1990. Sa'an nan jiragen perevoz musamman tarakta "T-800" (shi weighs fiye da 100 ton) na Chelyabinsk Yakutia. Bayan ya sauka a filin jirgin sama, nan da nan ya samu a cikin taro vostorzhonnoy yanayi. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan balaguro ne nisa daga mai haɗari. Yana da aka bayar da muhimmanci ba kawai ga kasa tattalin arziki, kamar yadda za'ayi da manufar tabbaci na kai jirgin sama damar iya yin komai, a irin wannan yanayi da wuya, duka a cikin Arctic. Bisa ga sakamakon da zanen da aka gudanar a yawan amfani da karatu da kuma zana m karshe.

key Features

Daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga "Mriya" jirgin sama (AN-225) - fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, jirgin data. A shafi sanye take da shida turbojet injuna, wanda ake kira D-18T. The nauyi kowane daga cikinsu ya wuce maki hudu ton. Su duka dirka daidai 1377 kN, wanda shi ne unprecedented har zuwa wannan darajar. A lokacin Take-kashe, kõwane ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da wani fitarwa, wanda shi ne 12 500 horsepower. Wingspan a cikin jirgin sama ne 88,4 mita, yayin da yankin - 905 murabba'in mita. Amma ga size, da tsawon da tsawo ne daidai da 84 da kuma 18.1 mita, bi da bi.

AN-225 cruising gudun aka kafa a kusa da 850 km / h. Bayar da cikakken-cika da man fetur tankuna jirgin ruwa da yake iya shawo 15 kilomita dubu a wani komai a jihar, da kuma 4.5 kilomita dubu tare da wani matsakaicin load. Dangi jirgin sama ya 250 tons. A lokaci guda yana da ikon gudanar da flights zuwa wani tsawo na 11,000 mita. Game da bukatun ga titin jiragen sama, tsawonsa ya zama m 3 kilomita. The man fetur amfani da na'ura ne kusan 16 ton a kowace awa daya (dauka aiki a cruising gudu da kuma cikakken load).

damar

A jirgin sama da yake iya kai tsaye ciki sufuri na kaya, wanda nauyi ne har zuwa 200 ton, kuma intercontinental kai lodi daga sama zuwa 150 tons. Waje a kan jirgin sama fuselage iya kawo ƙato abubuwa da cewa auna har zuwa 200 tons. A kaya daki ne An-225 ne quite na ɗaki. A musamman, ba tare da matsaloli a ciki fuselage 16 na jirgin sama saukar da duniya kwantena var-10 (10 ton), 50 Monocargo motoci ko har zuwa 200 ton (manyan motoci, janareto, turbines, da dai sauransu). Domin loading da Ana saukewa daga cikin model sanye take da dukan hadaddun, wanda ya hada da hudu dagawa inji dauke da damar biyar tons. Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin ta zanen kaya sun bayar da biyu winches.

ƙungiya

Control na jirgin sama An-225 "Mriya" ne da za'ayi da matukan jirgin, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane shida. Domin sauƙaƙe damar zuwa Matuka jirgin, wurin zama na farko da na biyu matukan jirgin, suna sanye take da cikkaken tsarin na dokokin kuma suna iya juya. Bãya gare su akwai wani wurin aiki gwani a kewayawa da sadarwa. Dama a cikin Matuka jirgin kujeru suna located on-jirgin injiniyoyi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sarari bayar ga madadin ma'aikatan jirgin cikin jirgin sama. The master gida sanye take da duka na shida kujeru, da kuma na biyu - goma sha biyu. Domin ya zama shugaban ƙungiya daga wannan na'ura, wani matukin jirgi dole kwarewa of management model An-124 "Ruslan", kunsha na ba kasa da shekaru biyar.

Avionics

A avionics Model AN-225 "Mriya" ya hada atomatik jirgin kula da tsarin aiki, da wani nuni da tsauri taswira. A wannan yanayin, da lantarki a yanki, wanda aka tsara domin lantarki iko, ba ya nan. Hanci sashe ne zuwa kashi biyu dielectric zone. Suna tsara don tabbatar da kariya daga ƙasa radar kewayawa, radar da kuma gaba-neman tsarin. A cikin rawar da ajiye raka'a nan ne index of tsawo da kuma irin hali nuna alama. Bugu da kari, da taksi yana da wani matsayi nuna alama man fetur levers, Manuniya tunkuɗa su propulsion, deflection na'urori masu auna sigina takeoff da kuma saukowa na'urorin da kuma kula da saman.

abu akan sake haihuwa

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, a duniya, most jirgin sama da aka ba so. A shekarar 1994, ta flights aka katse. Bugu da ƙari, Motors da kuma sauran kayan aiki tare da shi a duk aka dauka don kara yin amfani da shi a "Ruslan". Duk abin da ya, a kowace shekara fiye da kuma mafi ji bukatar Project farfado da mai taken "Mriya": manyan jirage daga sauran manyan masana'antun sun kasa mu jimre wa da ayyuka da cewa su ne kawai ta hanyar AN-225 model. A sakamakon haka, designers sun modified da shafi domin tabbatar da yarda da data kasance nagartacce a sifirin jiragen sama.

"Mriya" shi ne na biyu ranar haihuwa May 7, 2001. A sa'an nan, bayan jerin runs, jũya kuma gwajin shafi sake tashi a cikin iska. A kan jirgin aka alama tare da alama UR-82060 da kuma matukan jirgin karkashin jagorancin matukin AV Galunenko. Machine gudanar game da minti goma sha biyar a iska, sa'an nan ya sauka lafiya. Mayu 23, 2011 da jirgin ruwa ya samu duk dole takardun shaida, ciki har da na kasa da kasa. Ana iya amfani da kasuwanci sufuri da na dukiya.

na biyu kwafin

Daga farkon sosai na yi na AN-225 "Mriya" da aka shirya ya haifar da biyu kofe na shi. Duk da wannan, na biyu inji aka kammala kuma ya ba. Dalilin wannan kuwa shi ne rashin dace kudade na aikin. A halin yanzu, ta ne a cikin ƙasa na Antonov factory. Masana sun kiyasta jimlar mataki na ta shiri ya kashi 70 cikin dari. More musamman, tun da Soviet zamanin ya da fuselage, wanda reshe da kuma cibiyar sashe. Bisa ga designers, gama wannan inji shi ne quite yiwu, amma yana daukan wani adadin kudi, daidai game da 150 na dalar Amurka miliyan. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu ne kawai a lokacin da wani abokin ciniki ko tallafa wa.

Wasu fasaloli na "Mriya" jirgin sama

Domin tabbatar da aminci a lokacin jirgin cibiyar nauyi daga cikin jirgin sama tare da wani kaya dole ne a sanya a tsawon cikin wasu iyaka. A wannan batun, da loading ya auku a daidai da wa'azi da shi. Ingancin wannan tsari ne nauyin da copilot. An kai wasu masana'antun da za su kai wannan jirgin ruwa da ba za a iya amfani da shi, don haka hukumar ke hawa nasu kwafi na na'urar. Wannan shi ne wani nauyi kai da jirgin sama, saboda da aras nauyi na mota a kan daɓen da yaushe kasance burbushi na shasi. A wannan yanayin, da kudin na daya daga cikin taya farawa da wani alama na daya dubu dalar Amurka.