"Moskva" makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja. Guards makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Moskva" - da flagship na Black Sea jiragen ruwa

Tun zamanin da, shi ya zama al'ada, don haka da cewa ta rundunar jiragen da exceptionally karfi da kuma arziki jihar. Wannan musamman ya shafi warships, wanda aiki a kowane lokaci kudin tsada sosai. Yau, da wannan sanarwa ne sosai gaskiya. Jirãge - da jin tsoro tsada cars, don haka mallakan da rundunar wuce yarda reinforces kasa da kasa girma na jihar, wanda yana da shi.

Duk da UPS da kuma hambarar da na 1990s, kasar mu ta gudanar ya ci gaba da sojojin ruwa. Don kwanan wata, shi ya hankali kumbura, kuma sabunta hanyoyin. Abin takaici, wannan tsari ne m, kuma domin jiragen ruwa sa a cikin aiki a matsayin farkon a matsayin karshe shekaru da Tarayyar Soviet, har yanzu riƙe da wani matukar muhimmanci. Wani misali na wannan -. "Moscow" Makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja tare da wannan sunan har yanzu wakiltar wani karaya da karfi a cikin vastness tekuna.

asali bayanai

Its wata damar magana a kalla wani sunan barkwanci da aka ba shi da matuƙan - "jirgin sama m kisa". Shi ne ba kawai da flagship na dukan Black Sea jiragen ruwa, amma kuma daya daga cikin mafi iko jiragen ruwa a fleets dukkan Rasha. Home tashar jiragen ruwa - Sevastopol. Black Sea jiragen ruwa zuwa cikin sanannun abubuwan da mai yawa damuwa, kamar yadda da Ukrainian gefen kullum da tattaunawa game da haya. Yanzu duk wannan shi ne m.

Gina "Moscow" (makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja, ba shakka) a cikin birnin na Nikolayev. Da farko, da jirgin da aka bai wa sunan "Tsarki ya tabbata".

Alƙawari, da commissioning

Wannan jirgin ruwa na soja ne iyaye abu na aikin a 1164 "Atlas". Da zarar da abun da ke ciki na Soviet Navy aka soke zama anti-submarine jirgin "Moscow" (tsara da 1123), nan gaba shugaban na nan da nan samu sunansa. Its main nufi aka nan da nan niyya kisan da manyan jirãge, m maƙiyi (misali, jirgin sama dako), iska tsaro da kuma bakin teku wuta rufe su saukowa.

Lokacin da aka gabatar a cikin "Moscow" aiki? Makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja a cikin ruwa a farkon shekarar 1982, amma ta amfani da aka hukuma da za a fara har 1983.

Inda ya zauna, abin da ya shahara jirgin ruwa na soja?

Ya babba wurin sabis ya Bahar Rum. Akai-akai "Moscow" gani a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, dukan jihohin wanda gaba shi wanke. Lokacin da taron ya faru Mihaila Gorbacheva da kuma George a watan Disamba 1989 a tsibirin Malta Bush (m, ba shakka), wannan shi ne jirgin tabbatar da kare lafiya da dukan taron.

Zamani, fama amfani

A shekarar 1990 GRKR "Moscow" ya kõma zuwa ga 'yan qasar Mykolayiv ga zamani. Wannan kawai saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ta dade daidai 8.5 shekaru, da kuma kawai 13 May 1998 ya samu wani sabon flag da kuma tutar sabuwar kasar. Bugu da kari, a lokaci guda na da tekun Black Sea rundunar sintiri jirgin dauka daga "Red Caucasus", daga abin da "Moscow" ya samu ma lakabi na Guards.

A 2003, akwai wani taron a wadda GRKR "Moscow" farko haskaka a duniya scene tun Soviet zamanin. Muna magana ne game da "Indra" bada, wanda aka gudanar a hade da Black Sea, Pacific jiragen ruwa da kuma Navy m India. Shekara guda daga baya ya dauki bangare a cikin jiki "IONIEKS-2004", wanda aka gudanar a hade tare da Italiya. A farkon 2008 hadu a Rum a kamfanin ta jirgin sama m "Admiral na rundunar Tarayyar Soviet Kuznetsov", kuma ta rakiyar jiragen ruwa.

A watan Agusta 2008, Black Sea jiragen ruwa a fuskar "Moscow" dauki bangare a cikin aiki tilasta Georgia ga zaman lafiya, yayin da a cikin ruwan Ossetia. A farkon shekara ta gaba na halarci a commemorative events sadaukar da ranar tunawa da mummunan bala'in girgizar kasa da ya faru a Sicily, shẽkara ɗari da suka wuce. Sa'an nan, a cikin aftermath na mallaka Navy matuƙan Kingibe.

Darajar "Moscow" ga Navy na Rasha Federation

A general, da jiragen ruwa, da sunan wanda shi ne sunan babban birnin jihar, ne ko da yaushe karkashin bincika. Na yi ba togiya, da kuma "Moscow". Makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja akai-akai dauki kan jirgin da ya fi iko mutum na biyu da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma sauran ƙasashe. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana sabon hukumomin kasar a farkon shekarun 1990s zuwa tunani game aika da wannan jirgin domin ya da.

Ba mu ce kome, cewa jirgin ruwa na soja domin kusan takwas da rabi shekaru tsaya a kan hannun jari a Nikolaevsk har tafiyad hadaddun komai haqqinsa jinkiri. Abin farin, a yanka da karfe jirgin ruwa ba a ba, da kuma Black Sea jiragen ruwa bai rasa da almara shugaban.

A kan bukatar

A cikin tsakiyar 1990s a cikin farkawa daga "tattali tattalin arziki" da kuma "Munã rage ta halin kaka" a cikin gida kafofin watsa labarai sau da yawa inflamed dukan yaƙi. "Masana sun" tsawo da kuma gardama, kuma ko da shi ne a kasar da jirgin ake bukata. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa ci gaba da tekun Black Sea wannan jirgin ruwa na soja ne disadvantageous daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, miƙa "riske" shi a cikin sashi na nauyin da Pacific jiragen ruwa. Su rayayye goyan bayan waje adawar. Suna cikakken ba sha'awar da ra'ayin cewa "da kisa da jirgin sama dako" zai kawo ta wajibi a cikin wadannan ruwayen.

Agusta 2008 ya nuna yadda kasar na bukatar wani "Moscow". Guards makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja ne kawai "nauyi kalma," wanda ya kiyaye NATO daga rash yanke shawara. Yanzu wannan ne yadda aka ba su yarda su tuna ba, amma a lokacin da "biyar-rana yaki" a cikin Black Sea wata babbar lamba na jiragen ruwa na alliance. Amma Moscow (babban birnin) ne abin mamaki annashuwa hali zuwa abin da ke faruwa.

Amsar da aka sauki: makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja "Atlanta" aikin zai iya yin duk freeboard kungiyar NATO jirgi ya da. Duka wannan yana da kyau gane, sabili da haka kiyaye wani irin makamai neutrality.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Ta yaya da aikin bayyana makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja Rasha a 1164? A farko jirgin na wannan aji aka rufaffen sunan "Aurora", kuma ta ci gaba da dauki a tsakiyar 70-ies karni na karshe. Da farko, da shugaban zanen da aka amince da Alexander Perkov, amma daga baya ya canja shi V. Mutihin. Daga Navy lura nada A. Blinov, kyaftin na biyu rank.

Kafin zane tawagar sun gaske ba maras muhimmanci aiki. Gaskiyar cewa soja da aka bukata ba kawai daidai aji na warships, amma m yãƙi inji, wanda za su iya samar da matsayin gida anti-jirgin sama tsaro na jihar bakin teku yankin, da kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na gama tsaro, tare da bakin teku Lines na kufaifan.

Duk da haka, tare da sosai kalubale zanen kaya sun jimre brilliantly. Suka ɗauki rufi fama daukaka hadaddun S-300, shi ya halicci wani version na jirgin (za a iya bambanta da harafin "F"), sa'an nan ya ajiye shi zuwa wani sabon abin hawa. Wadannan makamai har yanzu kula da wani babban gaggawa da kuma sa m isa ya gani iska hare-hare a kan Black Sea rundunar jiragen ruwa.

Abin da fasaha mafita aka yi amfani?

Kullum a cikin "Atlanta" ne yadu amfani da tabbatar da mafita daga aikin 1134B jiragen ruwa. Hakika, da dama daga gare su sarrafa, amma babban fasaha tushe zauna ba tare da gagarumin canje-canje. By cewa lokaci aka gina shi bakwai jiragen ruwa na aikin 1134B, wanda ya samu da sunan barkwanci "Boukari" a cikin Navy. A wannan lokaci a cikin sahu bar shi kadai "Kerch", wanda wani bangare ne na Black Sea jiragen ruwa na Rasha Federation.

Babban dabara halaye na "Moscow"

Kawar da wannan m jirgin ruwa ne 11 500 tons. A total tsawon na jirgin ne daidai to 186 mita. Tare da nisa daga 21 mita rufinta - 42,5 mita. Ba mamaki, da laka ne don haka ban sha'awa sararin aka 8.5 mita. Matsakaicin achievable gudun (za mu yi magana game da wannan daga baya) - 32 kullin, da saba hanya - 16 kullin. Kamar yadda ikon shuke-shuke aiki a matsayin hudu gas injin turbin na'ura, da ikon kowanne daga abin da yake 22.500 lita. wani. A jirgin ruwa motsi ba kawai biyu propellers.

Idan muka magana game da gudun 16 kullin, sa'an nan a karkashin wadannan yanayi, da m cruising kewayon 6000 mil (fassara a cikin tsarin awo tsarin - game da 12 000 km). Amma lokacin, da rashin abinci da kayayyaki daidai da daya ga watan avtonomki. Crew na 510 mutane, da yawan fama ma'aikata za a iya ƙara. Don bi da kuma m amfani da Multi-manufa helikofta Ka-27, da saukowa site aka located a tsananin.

Basic fasaha bayanai

All jiragen ruwa "Atlas" aikin samu wani sabon gaba ɗaya gas injin turbin propulsion tsarin, wanda ya ba daya kawai propulsion engine a kan kowane shaft, amma a biyu daga afterburning powerplants. Yana da aka amfani da wani sabon fasaha bayani, a lõkacin da zafi daga Motors faruwa zafi-dawo da kewaye (TCA). Yana tuba da ruwa a cikin tururi, wanda rotates da karin injin turbin powerplant.

Wannan ya ba da wata babbar riba. Ko da a cikin shakka daga cruising a 18 kullin man fetur yadda ya dace ya karu da 12%. Top gudun lokacin da yin amfani da dukkan injuna yanzu lissafta kamar yadda 32 kullin, lalle jirgin ruwa na wannan aji ne kusan a rikodin.

jiki Features

Blinov, lura daga Navy, samu ta fasaha mafita designers, cikinsa da kauri daga kusan dukkan abubuwa na jiki yana da akalla 8 millimeters. By hanyar magana, shi aka fi bukata na girmanSa ba. Saboda wannan gwaninta, wadannan Rasha soja jirãge ake halin high karko. Amma duk abin da na da downside: saboda da used zane mafita hijirar (idan aka kwatanta da aikin 1134B jiragen ruwa) sun girma da 28%.

A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa kwatanta waɗannan inji shi ne ba ma daidai bisa manufa. Gaskiyar cewa irin Rasha warships kuma antisubmarine jiragen ruwa suna kama ne kawai a bayyanar da wasu daga cikin fasaha mafita.

Da farko, da "Moscow", da sauran "Atlanta" da aka dauke da makamai masu linzami P-500 "Basalt". The wuta kula da tsarin - "Argon". Da farko, da jiragen ruwa sun 16 irin makamai masu linzami. Su aka saka a cikin takwas da su guda biyu mahakar located a kan babba bene. Yana da aka canza zuwa P-1000 "aman wuta" A kara da haɓaka wasiyya makamai masu linzami. Wadannan makamai masu linzami za su iya buga hari a nesa na game da 700 kilomita.

Basics na fama tsarin

The wuta kula da tsarin damar fama aiki yanayin, ciki har da wani daya-lokaci farko (kayar daya burin) dukkan 16 makamai masu linzami. By hanyar magana, wannan Salvo ba zai jure wa duk wani jigilar kayayyaki a duniya. Ta yaya wadannan marine warships ne tsarawa daga hari a irin wannan dogon zangon gabatar da? Yana da sauki ne: ko dai daga tauraron dan adam, ko jirgin sama Tu-95, ko ta hanyar aiki na da kansa tsarin da basirar da niyya.

Anti-jirgin sama makamai jirgin ruwa na soja

Don yadda ya kamata gani iska hare-hare a kan jirgin yana a muhallinsa kawai biyu Sams. Da farko, P-300F, tare ko yi nufi ga shiyya iska tsaro tsarin. A na biyu, "Osa-M" an tsara kawai don gani da hari da jirgin sama, jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma maƙiyi da makamai masu linzami a kan jirgin kanta.

Domin S-300F ne kawai takwas launchers saituna ganga irin, kyale su yin gwada da sauri recharge da kuma jefa sabis. Suna sanya shi a cikin yanki daga cikin manya bene da aft daga cikin jirgin ruwa na soja. Don yadda ya kamata sarrafa aiwatar da ƙaddamar da niyya, musamman radar aka hada a sojan ruwa gun tsarin. Its alama ne eriya, sanya a kan wani "phased tsararru".

Kamar yadda muka ce, ga kare kai jirgin amfani da hadaddun "Osa-M", wanda ba ka damar amincewa ya buga hari a nesa na game da goma kilomita. Yana da aka hada biyu PU (da abin da ya ƙunsa tsarin aiki a biyu jirage). Ya bambanta da mazan jiragen ruwa kariyar kai kit kuma yana da kula da tsarin. A total harsasai biyu gidaje Sam "shada" shi ne daidai 48 makamai masu linzami. Haka kuma, S-300 64 munition bayar.

Ƙarin anti-aircraft tsarin

Amma wannan yiwuwar anti-aircraft Cruisers ba iyakance. Don yin shi da gaske multifunctional fama naúrar, na kunshe a cikin zane na duniya na (ma iya harba a onshore da kuma teku da wuraren) na 130 mm naúrar (atomatik, ba shakka), AK-130. Don bunkasa ingancinta, shi ne mai cikakken tsarin na radar ganewa "Lion."

Daga cikin abubuwan, da jirgin yana da cikkaken baturi na 30 mm shida-ganga bindigogi AK-630M. Baturi - biyu shigarwa, kowanne daga abin da ba a kula da shiriya tsarin da manufa tracking "pennant". A matsayi na sararin samaniyar kusa da jirgin, kazalika don samar da bayanai a kan-jirgin anti-aircraft makamai alhakin radar "Flag", sanya up biyu sauran radar shigarwa sun hada da: "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" da "Fitowar". Su antennas ake rigidly saka a kan Kafafun da kuma babban-masts "Killer jirgin sama dako."

Da yaki da abokan gaba submarines

Soviet zanen kaya sun ba a manta da yadda karaya abokin gaba zai iya zama submarines. Duk da tura specialization jirgin ruwa na soja da kariya daga gare su: akwai wani da tabbatar da Sonar hadaddun "CD", wanda ya hada da wani towed eriya da bulbous. Domin kai tsaye hari na maƙiyi submarines bayar kawai biyu 533-mm na'urar da kaddamar da torpedoes.

A akasin wannan, biyu RBU-6000 kafuwa (makami mai linzami da bam) kamar yadda lokaci da aka tsara don kare jirgin da torpedo volleys na abokan gaba.

Overall kima na duk jiragen ruwa na aikin

Total na "Atlas" aikin dogara ne a kan hudu jiragen ruwa. The aiki ba kawai uku. Kowace daga cikin jiragen ruwa a halin yanzu a cikin sabis. Kuma sunã bautã wa a kan Black Sea, Pacific da kuma Northern fleets. A ka'ida, da "Atlas" aikin juya fitar da gaske cancantar ta kuma cancanci a hankali kamar yadda adawa da irin 1144 "Orlan" magabata. Project 1164 kotu yana da nisa kasa muhallinsa, amma makamai da aka ba muni, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta mafi alhẽri daga waɗanda suke a gabãninsu.

Bugu da kari, har a lokacin da samar da wani fifiko da aka bai m makamai. Duk da haka, sabon Cruisers da isasshen kasawan. Saboda haka, "Orlan" aikin a kan 96 jiragen ruwa sun jifa ga S-300, yayin da "FC" na kawai 64 guda. Bugu da kari, Sam "Osa-M" sun zarar mafi kyau wajen domin kariyar kai jiragen ruwa da iska hare-haren, amma a lokacin da suka Cruisers damar ne a fili bai isa ba. A karshe, a kan jirãge Project 1144 akwai kawai 16 PU "wuƙa".

Saboda haka, Project 1164 Cruisers daidai hadu da dukan bukatun na marigayi Soviet rukunan a kan yin amfani da Navy lokacin da warships shirya ya aika a cikin yaƙi ne kawai idan sun kasance m iska murfin. Abin baƙin ciki, yanzu Jihar harkokin yayi dace da irin wannan rukunai ne bad. Shi ne ba ko da yaushe yiwu ga samar da dogara da kariya daga jirgi daga cikin iska, saboda haka shi ne da muhimmanci musamman ga nasu iska tsaro tsarin.

Babban raunin da aikin tasoshin

A mafi muhimmanci drawback (ba domin nuances aka bayyana a sama) ne gaban daya kawai multichannel radar ( "kaɗa hadayar") yi nufi ga riko da shiriya dalilai hada da C-300 hadaddun. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin hali na naúrar gazawar jirgin kusan gama hasarar fiye ko žasa da isasshen kariya daga hare-haren daga iska, "Kalaman" iya yi tunãni ba a cikin hari tare da fiye da daya shugabanci. Idan muka magana game da irin wannan Cruisers Amirkawa (gina karkashin aikin "Ticonderoga"), sa'an nan kowane daga cikinsu da aka saka a kan hudu (!) Independent radar cewa zai iya ta atomatik kawo da kuma harba saukar da hari a kan da dama fronts.

Kamar wancan ne, gaban daya kawai radar tashar ba kawai ya jũya cikin "Atlanta" a gwada sauki manufa domin maƙiyi mayakan hangen zaman gaba, amma kuma da ke sa shi musamman m anti-NATO makamai masu linzami, wanda a 'yan shekarun nan sun nuna manyan damar a filin na Multi-aluma hari.

Wadannan, jirãge mãsu gudãna da aka kafa a birnin Nikolayev. Masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa shi ne a halin yanzu ba wai kawai a kan ƙasa na wata kasa, amma kuma a cikin yanayin talauci, don haka cewa akwai irin wannan kotun ne mai wuya da za a gina. Kawai fatan for cikin gida tsaro masana'antu, wanda za su iya tsayar da gina wani abu kamar haka ba.