Industrial flotators domin tsarkakewa daga sharar gida da ruwa: da iri na'ura, da aiki da manufa

Yau, muhalli da al'amurran da suka shafi ne a kan tebur a kusan kowane taro na duniya gwamnatoci. Ba asiri da cewa yanayi ya zama sabon addini na 21st karni. 2017 ayyana da Year of kare muhalli a Rasha, kuma haka muhalli da ilimi - daya daga cikin ayyuka na wannan shekara.

Me ya sa na bukatar tsarkake ruwa?

Daga cikin jimlar stock na Duniya Ocean, kawai 3% - shi ne sabo da ruwa, na da 68% - shi ne glaciers (ba su dace ba don sha), 30% - karkashin kasa kafofin (sau da yawa daga gurbata ƙasa), kuma kawai 2% - shi ne ƙasa ruwa kafofin. Daga mai duniya hoto na duniya a fili yake cewa samuwar sabo ruwa - shi ne ba kawai mai larura, amma shi ne wani lokacin wani alatu.

Vata ruwa generated a lokacin da tattalin arziki da ayyukan Enterprises, dauke da wani babban adadin abin gurɓatawa a yawa wucewa da halatta da ka'idoji. Yawanci, shi ne mai nauyi karafa (da baƙin ƙarfe, nickel, jan, gubar, Mercury, cadmium, da dai sauransu)., Ma'adinai mai, dakatar da daskararru, aluminum, roba surfactants (roba surfactants, domin layman ne duk da cewa foams). Wadannan abubuwa shigar da tafkunan, rushe da al'ada aiki na cikin ruwa biogeocoenoses, guba cikin ƙasa, tsokane ci gaban da blue-kore algae, suna mai guba zuwa dabbobi. Wadannan abin gurɓatawa ne ma mai guba ga mutane.

Na mutum da tattalin arziki aiki, a gidaje Apartment gine-gine da kuma masu zaman kansu gidaje ma nuna manyan yawa na pollutants. A general, wadannan surfactants da kuma Organic tõzarta, amma fada cikin lambatu da kuma karfe salts.

Me ne mai gina jiki skimmer ga ruwa mai guba da magani?

Skimmer - a na'urar domin kau da lafiya impurities daga ruwa physico-sinadaran Hanyar. In mun gwada magana, da inji shi ne daya daga cikin babban aiki kayayyaki a cikin art da ruwa mai guba da magani fasahar. Yana faruwa a kan skimmer babban seperation na solutes da ruwa magani up ga daidaitattun Manuniya.

Industrial flotators iya yi nufi ga manyan tsire-tsire, da kuma ga mota, iri dabam-dabam a cikin size da kuma kayan.

Babban makasudin ware da skimmer da kuma sauka daga ruwa narkar da a cikinta da pollutants ta hanyar mayar da su a cikin wani insoluble form. A cikin na'ura, iska ake kawota inganta tsabtace sakamako.

The aiki manufa na skimmer ga ruwa mai guba magani

Ka'idar aiki dogara ne a kan skimmer da za a tsabtace an shige ta cikin matsakaici iska kumfa domin manufar kumfa samuwar. Wannan kumfa ya kira flotoshlam, wanda aka nĩsantar da kuma sanya wa na musamman dewatering na'urar. Don kumfa kama da kuma kwashe daga wani samu, da kafin Bugu da kari na musamman da abubuwa - coagulants da flocculants. Wadannan kayan da high adhesiveness, Ina nufin su taimake abin gurɓatawa zuwa agglomerate tare da juna da kuma da iska kumfa, kafa da ake kira flocculi.

Vial, wucewa daga bututun ƙarfe ko da bututun ƙarfe ɗaya zuwa gaba dispensing na'ura, damƙewa, tare da m gurɓatawa. Irin wannan tsari yana tafiya ne muddin ruwa ba ya isa da ake bukata tsaftacewa sakamako.

wuya daga cikin tsari ne a daidai daidaita kashi na coagulant da flocculant haka cewa mannewa ƙarfi ya high isa ga mannewa na kumfa, amma sakamakon flakes ba da yawa nauyi, don haka kamar yadda ba su lalata da iska kumfa.

A kewaye hada da wani skimmer ga ruwa mai guba magani

Technology, dauka da skimmer a matsayin babban aiki naúrar ko da yaushe ya hada da wani sinadaran shuka da kuma na'ura domin samar da iska kumfa. Reagent ne wani tanki gona da reagents (coagulants, flocculants, Alkali ya daidaita PH) da kuma wani reactor domin hadawa da reagent da ruwa.

A matsayin na'urar domin samar iska kumfa kamar kullum amfani saturator wakiltar iska hadawa jam'iyya da ruwa don ƙirƙirar wani ruwa-iska cakuda. Bugu da ari, wannan cakuda da aka napravlyayuetsya a skimmer. carbonation na'urar da aka sanye take da wani iko da famfo don iska sallama.

Skimmer aka taba amfani da shi kadai, shi ne ko da yaushe a kunshe a cikin total ruwa tsarkakewa makirci. Complete kewaye yawanci kunshi wani na farko sedimentation mataki, jiki-sinadaran magani (ko skimmer Coagulator) da kuma m inji tsaftacewa a kan tacewa.

A wasu kalmomin, da skimmer ba zai iya samar da dukkan tsarkakewa, wannan shi ne kawai guda kumburi, bukata preprocessing kuma post. Shiga skimmer yashi ko wasu m impurities kai ga na'urar gazawar. Har ila yau, wannan na'ura ba zai iya samar da disinfection da kuma tsaftace man fetur kayayyakin. Saboda haka, bayan da zama dole UV shigarwa da kuma sorption (ko inji) tacewa.

Schematic zane dogara ne a kan flotation tsari. Flotation - wannan ruwa mai guba da magani kumfa na iska domin cire narkewa abubuwa da emulsified. Ruwa da aka kawota ga babban aiki naúrar. Akwai ma a matsa lamba (ko depressurized) yanayin baya shirya reagent kawota a cikin reactor. Har ila yau da flotator iska kumfa ana ciyar via carbonation na'urar. A skimmer ga ruwa tsarkakewa na faruwa ruwa mai guba da magani reagents da iska kumfa, bubbling faruwa da mafi yawa a cikin nau'i na flocculation flotoshlama. Flotoshlam supernatant da aka cire daga ruwa surface da wani scraper na'ura mai a guntu catcher.

Wannan sludge ne sosai resistant zuwa inji kolevaniyam, duk da haka tare da surface shi ke faruwa a hankali domin ba su karya da kumfa.

skimmer na'urar

Skimmer - wani bude akwati na karfe ko roba, sanye take da wani scraper inji tattara flotoshlama da ciwon conical kasa. Skimmer yakan haifar da kasancewar wani ruwa-iska bututun ƙarfe don samar da wata cakuda da saturator, da kuma sake saita gaggawa emptying flotoshlama domin samar da sharar gida da ruwa da kuma sallama na tsarkake ruwa. Girkawa na skimmer, yawanci located a kan site na sabis don saukaka.

iri flotators

Flotators ruwa mai guba da magani bambanta bisa ga yadda ruwa tare da cikakken kumfa da kuma yanayi na kumfa. Mafi na kowa hanyoyin hada inji, matsa da electroflotation. Matsa flotation yakan haifar da carbonation jam'iyya da kuma yin famfo kungiyar. Bayan haka, a cikin wannan Hanyar akai-akai amfani da reagents. Electroflotation ba ya bukatar wani sinadaran shuka da saturator, kamar yadda dogara ne a kan rushe wayoyin a cikin ruwa.

inji flotation

Inji (ko impeller) mahautsini ɗauka cewa a high gudun hadarurruka a cikin ruwa kumfa. Wannan irin ruwa jiyya ga ruwa yiwuwa ga Fitar kumfar da cikakken gas. A inji hanya, da reactants ba za a iya amfani, tun da halin rashin kwanciyar hankali halitta da wani stirrer, kawai raba flakes gurɓatawa. A lokacin, inji flotation ba kowa, tun da wuya samar da isasshen tsaftacewa sakamako.

Yawanci, wannan sashi hada flotators tsarkakewa domin tsarkakewa daga sharar gida da ruwa daga man fetur.

matsa lamba flotation

A wannan yanayin flotators ruwa mai guba da magani na'urar sanye take carbonation reagent da kuma tattalin arziki. Saturator ne ɗaki a wadda iska allura karkashin matsin sama na yanayi. Medium shirya a saturator, da ake kira da iska-ruwa cakuda. Wannan shi ne mafi kowa irin flotation kuma mafi sau da yawa amfani. The tsarkakewa tsari na faruwa da pretreatment reagent (coagulant ko flocculant) da kuma m matsa lamba magani ruwa cakuda. Kowane gas kumfa ne a haɗe zuwa gurbatawa da kanta, tun da shi yana da babban janye karfi saboda da lokaci iyaka (iska-ruwa). Na farko shiri na ruwa inganta tsabtace reagent, saboda shi halitta floccules (micelles), wanda kuma da wasu ƙarfin janye. The girma na ruwa da aka cire ta hanyar da tsarkake ruwa bututu don kara tsabtace ko sake saita. A saman musamman scraper na'urar kawar flotoshlam - gurbatawa, a cikin ƙaho tare da iska kumfa zuwa sama a cikin wani dabzar form.

Babban amfani da matsa lamba flotation ne mai fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace. A disadvantages na gaban ƙarin na'urorin sun hada da (reagent management, carbonator farashinsa), wanda dauka sarari da kuma bukatar da za a sarrafa kansa (msl, zabin da reactants kashi). Tabbatar da dalilin reagent yawa taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin low kashi zai kai ga kasa tsarkakewa (ba duk kananan narkar da barbashi aggregated), da kuma babban kashi na iya haifar da da cewa da kumfa ba zai jure da nauyin da flakes da kuma kaskantar, kuma sakamakon rage daga cikin tsaftacewa sakamako.

Elektroflotator

Wannan irin flotators ruwa mai guba da magani bambanta brevity da sauƙi na amfani. A Hanyar kunshi a cikin electrolysis ruwa da za a tsarkake da kuma rabuwa gas daga wayoyin. A lokacin electrolysis tsari na faruwa skimmer: jema hydrogen a cathode, da anode - oxygen. Lokacin amfani narkewa wayoyin (msl aluminum ko kuwa baƙin ƙarfe) m ruwa ne tare da cikakken karfe ions da high hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar da cewa taka rawar da reactants don ƙirƙirar gurbatawa flakes. Wannan tsari ya taimaka don ware da kuma shuka har ma fiye da pollutants daga ruwa. Tun da skimmer sarari ne ba manyan, a irin wannan yanayi akwai mai kyau danko flakes da iska pozyrkov cewa samar da mafi tsaftacewa sakamako.

Babban amfani da irin wannan na'urar ne rashin sinadaran shuka da kuma sauran ƙato na'urori tare da wani babban mataki na ruwa tsarkakewa. A disadvantages ne high makamashi amfani da kuma bukatar kayan aiki ga kau da hydrogen.

bututun ƙarfe flotation

A wannan yanayin, yi amfani da musamman nozzles gabatar da iska a cikin aiki da ruwa da aka kawota ga flotation na'ura, akwai aka barsu a cikin wani biphasic cakuda. A amfani da wannan hanya ita ce kasa da lalacewa da kafuwa sassa da haka a daina sabis rayuwa.

sinadaran da shuka

A wasu hanyoyin, wadannan flotation reagents amfani don inganta tsarkakewa sakamako:

• jamiái domin daidaitawa PH - shi ne acid da kuma Alkali suna kara da cewa a cikin ruwa don tabbatar da al'ada aiki yanayin coagulant da flocculant.
• coagulants - reagents da inganta flocculation kuma suna baƙin ƙarfe da aluminum salts.
• flocculants - reagents wanda nuna ya fi girma, kuma mafi barga flakes (floccules) da kuma wakiltar wani polyacrylamide fili.

Babban hasara na gaban reagent ruwa magani Hanyar ne wajibcin gaban ma'aikata, kazalika da yankunan cewa dole ne ware wani jirgin ruwa da kuma nukiliya. Yana da muhimmanci a zabi daidai kashi na reagents, wanda mai yiwuwa ne kawai empirically.