Moscow, gidan kayan gargajiya-gidan gona: description, photo

Ambivalent ji dandana by kowane, a lokacin da ta je da wuraren kiwo nata. Manors, kadarori da kuma wuraren shakatawa ...

Next a Rasha tarihi

A daya hannun - wannan shi ne wurin, a hankali kuma warai da alaka da tarihi da kuma m rayuwa, a real Rasha rayuwa da kuma al'adu, da kuma tare da wani - Jihar abubuwan tunawa da dama wuraren da ke gangami da kaico.
Rasha tarihi da kuma Rasha rai - manufar, in general, shi ne daban-daban, amma wani lokacin su ne don haka intricately interwoven cewa babu daya bangaren ne ba zai yiwu ya fahimci wasu, kuma, saboda haka, ya amsa wannan tambaya: abin da, a gaskiya, shi ne, Rasha mutane?

Hearths da kuma ajiya na Rasha al'adu a unguwannin

Manor - wani wuri ziyarci kowane biyu. Sunayen wasu kewayen birni kadarori da kuma manors a kan ji da jama'a: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy da sauransu. Wannan gaskiya ne, domin a 17-19 ƙarni. daraja Estate wani irin al'adu-tarihi sabon abu, tare da garuruwa da biranen, gidajen ibada, kauyuka, kauyuka, Cathedrals da majami'u.
Masana tarihi da'awar cewa ta hanyar karshen karni na 19th. a Rasha, akwai daga 50 zuwa dubu 100. manors da kadarori. Babu shakka, na ayyuka na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, m da m rayuwa da tarihi gidan gona a kusa da birnin Moscow sun alakanta sosai a hankali.
Kuma saboda na Estate kusa Moscow, babban birnin kasar shi ne a hannunka, sa'an nan, ba shakka, mafi kyau Rasha marubuta, masu kasida, artists, composers kusantar da wahayi, aikin da samun hutu a yankunan dangantawa da yanayi.
Kuma watakila babu irin wannan Rasha mahalicci da zurfin tunani 18-19 cc., Da kuma al'adar rayuwa wanda ba zai iya nasaba da Rasha kasar estate.
Kuma irin hadisai na Rasha art, a matsayin rustic gine-gine, wuri mai faɗi da aikin lambu da al'adu da kuma gine-gine, wuri mai faɗi zane saiwoyinsa a koma zuwa wuraren kiwo nata, da dukiya da kuma yanayi na abin da suka hankali kiyaye su.
Tabbata a tunatar da ku cewa hadisai na Rasha liyãfa Rasha abinci azuzuwan a farauta, tara na rare littattafai da kuma tattara ayyukan art aka kuma hade da komai a fili gentry da kuma mabukaci al'adu.

Mun fara shirya

A cikin 100-kilometer yanki daga Zobe zai iya ƙidaya game da 200 kadarori da kuma gidajen qasaita. By farkon karni na 20th. a Moscow akwai game da 1,000 na su ne a cikin nasu tunawa kuma ma'abutanta hankali, amma sau ne irin wannan cewa, ziyarar wuraren ban sha'awa ya kamata ka akalla kadan shirye.
Dangane da batun da za a iya ce cewa idan kana so ka ziyarci mafi kyau unguwannin Estate domin amfanin bukatar Stock sama a kan janar bayanai:

• game da location, nesa da kuma hanya (Metro, jirgin kasa, bas, mota).
• game da siffofin ( "singularity") wurare: Jihar Museum-Reserve, da gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya, sashe sarari, sauki tsarin, alaka da tarihi, adabi, zanen, gine.
• idan wurin da ake dangantawa da gidan kayan gargajiya farfado zai zama farin sani game da tikitin farashin, aiki hours da kuma wuraren da dama da kuma abinci. Akwai iya zama zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin da gidan kayan gargajiya, a kusa da birnin Moscow kadarori mallakar wani daya sashen da ƙofar ne da wuya, amma, kamar yadda suka faɗa m matafiya, ko da yaushe "akwai wani rami a shinge a baya" kuma tafi can ta wata hanya ka iya.
• hulda yanayi capabilities tare da kansa manufofin: wani hutu a wani kyakkyawan wurin, da wallafe-wallafen, tarihi, gine-gine da kuma m kwaikwayo, da dai sauransu

Wannan "mayar da hankali" don taimaka ajiye lokaci da samun real yarda daga ziyartar wuraren ban sha'awa.

wuraren tarihi

Daya daga cikin mafi girman hadisai na Rasha al'umma daga lokaci na Bitrus shi ne kyauta na kadarori da kuma kauyuka da aminci sabis. Wannan kuma da ciwon da yawa daraja kadarori a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, misali, gidan gona Glinka, bã da Bitrus v, kamar yadda wani kauye kusa da birnin Moscow, abõkinsa Yakubu Bruce, soja da kuma dattaku, masanin kimiyya da jami'in diflomasiyyar. Bayan ritaya, Bruce aiki sake fasalin kudin, kimiyya da gwaje gwajen kimiyya da kuma ko aikata wani suna a matsayin "da mage da kuma warlock."
History of Glinka ta estate - misali ne na tarihin lokacin Bitrus, Rasha soja kimiyya, dabi'u na Rasha jama'a 17-18 ƙarni.
Idan ka kawai lissafa abubuwan da sanannun tarihi Figures da mallakar su a cikin unguwannin da dukiya, da jerin ne m:

• Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Kamar tuna Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, da Rasha kawo canji na farkon karni na 20th. Tun da farko Serednikovo aka hade da yara mawãƙi M. Yu. Lermontova. Daga baya a nan akwai lokatan Chaliapin da Rachmaninoff. Yau Serednikovo - sosai "cinematic" Estate kusa Moscow, tare da wani ban sha'awa kinogorodom, ciki har da Ingila shimfidar wuri 18 a.;

• Tattaunawa - ba ko da zurfi nutse a cikin labarin. Masana tarihi kira Tattaunawa sanya inda Dmitry Donskoy ya kafa alfarwarsa, ya shiga yaƙi da Mamai (Kulikovo filin).
• Gorky (Lenin) - a yau a gidan kayan gargajiya hade da rayuwa na Lenin. "Haskaka" da gidan kayan gargajiya nuni ne da mota "Rolls Royce-", wanda za'ayi Vladimira Ilicha. Amma Abin mamaki, na farko ya ambaci gidan gona Dates baya ga 16th karni., Kuma da ciki na gine-gine kiyaye daga 18-19 ƙarni.

Hakika, cewa ambaci duk tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya-Estate a Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin, babu wata hanyar, amma ba za ka iya ko da yaushe sami bayanai. Kuma sha'awa, labarin sau da yawa a hankali intersects da wallafe-wallafen da kuma m events.

almara, wuraren

Manyan Vyazomy aka sanya Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "domin ceton matasa sarki a lokacin wani bore musketeers." Bugu da kari, shi ne kakkarfan dangankata da rai Borisa Godunova, Paul v, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Amma mafi muhimmanci - Vyazomy ne gida da poetic Pushkin: a nan sai ya ciyar da yara, inda ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga kyau na Rasha karkara, ya ji jama'a songs, karatu da rayuwa da al'adu na Rasha nobility da Rasha manoma.
Ga aka haife mu na farko poetic halittun da Pushkin, kuma a nan ya kasance a cikin wuya lokaci na rayuwarsa. Rayuwa a wannan wuri da kuma labari: Golitsyn fadar yan unguwa kira "House of Sarauniya na spades," kuma za ka iya koyi wani abu game da al'adar Princess Galitzine, da kishiya image na haihuwa Countess tare da asirin uku cards.
Yana da daidaituwa ba Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve, a nan daga Satumba zuwa Afrilu ne m maraice da kuma kide. Kamar yadda Pushkin wurare kusa Vyazomami shi wajibi ne in ambaci Zakharov.
A kan sauran wallafe-wallafen da kuma poetic wurare:

• Muranovo - hankula "daraja gida" na wanda muke da wani tunani na littattafai da fina-finai game da Rasha 19th karni. A interweaving haihuwa da kuma al'adar yawa da suka shahara da wallafe-wallafen sunayen: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, litattafan Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Amma rabo zai yi da shi, cewa ya Muranovo iyali archive na mawãƙi Fodora Tyutcheva, kuma don haka za a gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin sunansa.
• Melikhovo - Literary da Memorial Museum A. P. Chehova. A gidan kayan gargajiya ne fiye da dubu 20 da hotuna na artists, ciki har da Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Friends na marubuci.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - bayar da farko Rasha sarki (bayan Great distemper) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (m ally Dmitriya Donskogo) a 16. Daga baya, a cikin 18th karni., The Estate mallakar da kwamandan-Crimean Dolgoruky. A farkon karni na 20th. Estate ya zama "wallafe-wallafen gida" Rasha Symbolist kasida. Bishiyoyi a cikin tsufa shakatawa tuna Bryusov, K. Balmont kuma A. White;
• Peredelkino - lalle ya cancanci raba kalmomi. Wannan shi ne wani "marubuci ta gari", hade da sunayen yawa muhimmanci Soviet da kuma Rasha marubuta da kuma kasida. Yau a Peredelkino ne gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya na Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, gidan kayan gargajiya-gallery Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Kusa da kauyen ne Mai Ceton Transfiguration coci da kuma patriarchal fili - mazaunin sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha Kirill.

Game da Rasha gine

Architecture occupies wani gagarumin matsayi a cikin Rasha coci gine. Ba za zurfi a cikin wannan yanki, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa hankula Rasha coci har yanzu recognizable daga siffar na Dome, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) gabatarwa.
Kuma tun da hankula Parks da kadarori Moscow 17-19 ƙarni. dole ya hada da coci, shi ne sha'awa ganin kuma kimanta yadda da majami'u da aka gina. Hakika, da canons da "Rasha harafin" don kula da style. Amma da mafi ban sha'awa bambancin:

• a Dubrovitsy, za ka iya ganin mafi "Baroque" (daga Baroque) coci a kusa da Moscow. A wannan salon aka gina shi da kuma fada, amma daga baya da shi da aka kerata a cikin ruhu na classicism.

• Bykov - a gina wani 2-storey 18th karni coci. Ya halarci mashahuriyar Rasha m Vasily Bazhenov tare da almajiransa. A wannan salon na Masonic gine da kuma gina gidan gona fada. Dabam gina kararrawa hasumiyar (Taman m) da kuma yanar gizo, hanyõyi shakatawa tafkunan da kuma haifar da yawa tunawa yanayi, musamman ma a lokacin rani-kaka lokaci.
• Bratsevo - qasaita a cikin birnin, inda a can ne wani Turanci wurin shakatawa. Za ka iya fara ziyara Moscow gine-gine: gidan gona Countess Stroganov Palace, Church na Ceto, ganin 2 da 5 gada gidan gona farmstead gine-gine zuwa kama da kyakkyawa da ruhu na kewayen birni kadarori da kuma kadarori. Kuma a sa'an nan zai kasance da sauki je tafiya a kan Moscow yankin.

Angarorin da kuma Rasha artists

Taimaka (angarorin Kimiyya da Art) an haife shi a Rasha a cikin 18th karni. kuma kai Yuan a cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th. A kasar kadarori da kuma manyan gidãje daga birnin taru ƙwarai tarin Rasha da kuma kasashen yammacin Turai art, a tarin rare littattafai.
Saboda haka, da yawa gidajen qasaita da kuma manyan gidãje daga Moscow yankin da aka sani ga masu, hannu da shuni, ko da yake, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, a tarihin akwai wani unambiguous, kuma akwai da yawa intersections.
A Abramtsevo kiyaye daya-storey gidan gona gidan na 18th karni., Wanne ne mai samfurin na Rasha katako gine. Ma'abũcin Abramtsevo wani marubuci Aksakov ( "The Scarlet Flower"), wanda aka ziyarci da abokansa - litattafan Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

A lokacin da a 2nd rabin karni na 19th. mai na Estate ne industrialist da shuni S. Morozov, an rayayye aiki artists M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Yana da aka a nan aka haife "Abramtsevo da'irar" - da m-m Union, da nufin ci gaban da Rasha na kasa art.
Bayan juyin juya halin a 1917 wannan hadisin ya ci gaba da I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Yau Abramtsevo gidan kayan gargajiya nuni kunshi fiye da 25 dubu farfado :. zanen, da jawo, sassaka, ayyukansu na ado da kuma jama'a art.

Wasu, watakila mafi, mafi ...

Har ila yau, ya cancanci ambaci ne Estate kusa Moscow, bude ga jama'a:

1. Arkhangelsk - daya daga cikin 'yan kiyaye kadarori daga karshen da 18th karni, ciki har da gine-gine da kuma wurin shakatawa gungu a cikin gargajiya style .. Kuma ma'adanin collections na tsohon masu Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov ya zama tushen da wani arziki gidan kayan gargajiya nuni.
2. Kuskovo - gidan gona Sheremetev kirga. Kiyaye Palace, Italiyanci gidan, Dutch gidan, wakiltar. A Estate is located Jihar Museum of Ceramics.

3. Sandan - wani wuri a hade da na karshe shekaru na rayuwa da mawaki Tchaikovsky. Yau, da gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya a nan, wanda Ya mayar da yanayi na kerawa, rai da rai daga cikin manyan makadi.

Game da bakin ciki ... (amma ba kawai)

Mutane da yawa kadarori da kuma kadarori ne a Jihar halaka. A dalilan da cewa Moscow watsi da kadarori da nasu wuri - rashi na masu, da masu rashin sha'awa, da yin amfani da gine-gine domin wasu dalilai.
Natsuwa da kuma tarihi ra'ayoyi a kan batun ya ce:

1. Rayuwa da kuma yawan kadarori da kuma gidajen qasaita aka tafi, tare da 19th karni.
2. Too ansu kafofin tarwatsa events faru a cikin rãyuwar Rasha a cikin karni na 20th., Wannan nan da sauri haka za a fara sake gina dukan abin da yake da alaka da tarihi baya.
3. Amma akwai wani fahimtar cewa wannan shi ne baya, wanda dole ne mu san da wanda dole ne a kiyaye su, wanda ke nufin cewa jima ko daga baya zai magance gyaran fuska da kuma sabuntawan, da kuma watsi da wuraren kiwo nata gidan gona za su murna da mu tare da kyau.

Kuma a sa'an nan:

• Dugino - wuraren da dangantaka da ƙarshen 19 artists a. . - farkon karni na 20th, kuma yanzu kawai Resort, zai iya zama wani art gidan kayan gargajiya.
• Marfino - tsohon soja makõma, tare da mafi kiyaye yar tsanar griffins, wani kandami da kuma wurin shakatawa zai juya a cikin wani kyakkyawan wuri.
• Duk da haka, Bykov - zai gushe deteriorate sannu a hankali.

Bayani yanki a cikin unguwannin bayan gari

Bayani game da Estate kusa Moscow, bude ga jama'a, da yawa. Shi ne a bainar jama'a samuwa, kuma za ka iya samun cikakken bayani game da daban-daban yanayin da kadarori, gidaje, majami'u, mai kyau shakatawa, kuma ta haka ne samu da wuri da kaina hade da wani tarihi da kuma wallafe-wallafen da kuma m events. A wannan batun, nazarin ne kawai m m Natalia Bondareva. Ta ayyukansu za a iya samu a description na kusan 300 kadarori, kadarori, majami'u na Moscow, Moscow yankin da kuma kewaye.
Natalia Bondarev aka yi wannan aikin tun 1996, da kuma, babu shakka, ya cancanci wata kalma daga godiya da yabo ga abin da ta aikata domin zamani da kuma nan gaba, a zuriyarsu, da ya bayyana Moscow kadarori, wanda sanya da hotuna a cikin jama'a yankin. Duk iya inganta ilmi a cikin wannan yanki.
Amma yana da muhimmanci cewa irin wadannan mutane a yau ba su kadai, ya kuma inganta, da hanya a baya, kuma ta hanyar da shi - ba a rufe a nan gaba.