Ministan kudi na Rasha Rasha Anton Siluanov. Tarihi, ayyukan

Anton Siluanov, wanda shekarunsa shekarun 52 ne, shine dan siyasar Rasha da tattalin arziki. A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, ya jagoranci ma'aikatar kudi na Rasha, kuma ya wakilci bukatun Rasha a kungiyoyin kudi na kasa da kasa: IMF da Bankin Duniya.

Asali da shekarun binciken

A ina aka haife Anton Siluanov? Rayuwarsa ta fara ne a Moscow a shekarar 1963, a cikin iyalin ma'aikacin alhakin ma'aikatar kudi. Don haka za mu iya cewa Siluanov ne mai basirar kudi. Game da shekarun yara da matasa na yanzu na Minista, babu abin da aka sani, domin kafin ya zama ya kasance cikakken mutum ne. Amma za ku yarda cewa yana da wuyar kada ku ɗauka tasirin da mahaifin ya dauka game da zabar Anton don biye da matakansa da kuma shiga bayan kammala karatunsa daga makaranta a kan "Gidajen Kuɗi da Credit" a Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar ta Moscow, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1985.

Mutane da yawa suna sha'awar tambayar "menene dan kasar Anton Siluanov?". Tare da sunan dan uwan kirki na Rasha da kuma rashin bayyanar da Yahudanci cikin bayyanar, mutum yana iya samun la'anin da ba'a gamsar da na Yahudawa ba (kamar dai laifi ne!). Sunan mahaifiyarsa Yanina Nikolaevna (tunawa da ɗan littafin Belarus mai suna Yanina Zaimo - dan wasan kwaikwayon na Cinderella a cikin fim din Soviet na classic), ko mahaifinsa, Herman Mikhailovich (ta hanyar, Reverend Herman na ɗaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa asalin gidan na Valaam). Ko shakka babu, wani likitancin jiki mai son kuma zai iya samun bayyanar Siluanov wasu alamun "jinin Yahudawa" (watau irin wannan "tsarki na kasa", tabbas, kuma Pushkin za a hana shi ya kamata a kira shi Rashanci), amma bai taba magana a ko'ina Game da wannan kuma baya shiga aikin kowane ɗayan kungiyoyin jama'a na Yahudawa.

Farawa na aiki a zamanin Soviet

Daga Agusta 1985 zuwa Maris 1987, Anton Germanovich Siluanov yayi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki, sannan kuma babban masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatar kudi na RSFSR. A cikin watan Maris 1987 aka sanya shi a cikin rundunar Soviet. A gaskiya ma, wannan lamari ne mai ban mamaki a tarihinsa. Tabbas, ma'aikaci na gundumar gwamnati, har ma tare da ubangidansa a cikin wannan tsari, Ma'aikatar kudi na iya, kamar yadda suke cewa, "otmazatsya" na aikin soja. Amma Ministan Kudin na Rasha na Rasha Anton Siluanov ya fadi gaskiya, kamar miliyoyin 'yan uwansa na kasar, don ɗaukar igiya na tsawon shekaru biyu (duk da haka a cikin rundunar KGB da kuma matsayin sashi-nachina), wanda, a cikin marubucin, ya nuna shi sosai.

Ya dawo daga hidima a watan Mayu 1989, ya ci gaba da aiki a ma'aikatar kudi na RSFSR har zuwa Janairu 1992, bayan ya tafi kasa da shekara uku daga babban jami'in tattalin arziki zuwa mataimakin shugaban sashen kula da yankuna da kuma mai ba da shawara ga ma'aikatar kudi.

Hanya a cikin 90s

Ta yaya Anton Siluanov ya shirya a sabuwar Rasha? Rayuwarsa ta kasance da dangantaka da ma'aikatar kudi. Nan da nan bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, sabon hukumomin Rasha sun dauki mummunan fushin. Ba a bar tsarin tsarin kudi na jihar ba daga cikin yanayin sauyawa. Don haka, tun a watan Nuwamban shekarar 1991, an yanke shawarar hada kai da ma'aikatar tattalin arziki da ma'aikatar kudi ta Rasha tare da rushewa na ma'aikatar kudi na USSR (kuma a gaskiya shugaban Amurka na Mikhail Gorbachev yana zaune a Kremlin!). An kira sabon sashen Ma'aikatar Kudin. Anton Germanovich Siluanov an nada shi mukamin mataimakin shugaban sashen.

Duk da haka, aikin jariri bai kasance ba fãce watanni uku kuma a watan Fabrairun 1992 an sake raba shi cikin Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Ma'aikatar Kuɗi. Abin sani kawai shi ne gwarzo ya ci gaba da aiki a karshen. Daga Fabrairu 1992 zuwa Oktoba 1997, shi ne mataimakin shugaban sashen kula da tsarin kulawa da kasafin kudi, sannan kuma mataimakin shugaban sashen kula da kudade kuma daga karshe ya zama shugaban wannan sashen.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce tare da Anton Siluanov, mahaifinsa, Siluanov Silvanov, wanda ke aiki a ma'aikatar kudi a shekara ta 1996, shi ne mataimakin shugaban sashen don bashi da kuɗi. Ba da da ewa wannan sashen ya haɗaka da wani, ya shiga harkokin siyasa a fannin tattalin arziki, don haka an kafa sabon sashen macro-tattalin arziki da bankunan, wanda Anton Siluanov ya jagoranci. Tarihinsa a wannan lokacin ya kai gagarumar aikinsa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa a shekarar 1994 ya karbi Ph.D. a fannin tattalin arziki, yana kare bayanansa, inda yayi nazarin ka'idodin tsarin tattalin arzikin kasa idan ya maye gurbin tattalin arzikin kasuwa.

Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kuzari ta Rasha a matsayin wani gandun daji na manyan jami'an gwamnati

Da yake ya yi aiki da dukkan '' 90 '' a cikin ganuwar wannan sashen, Anton Siluanov yayi watsi da yawancin gwaji da haɗari waɗanda suka barazana ga 'yan uwansa wadanda suka shiga hanyar da Rasha ta dade ba a wancan lokaci. Ma'aikata na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci kawai sunyi aikin su duk da duk canje-canjen da suka faru a cikin gaskiyar Rasha wanda ya faru a waje da windows na gine-gine. An girgiza kasar ta hanyar saɓo, tace-fadace, rikicin siyasa, har ma da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na Chechen, kuma duk da wannan duka, 'yan kasuwa sun ci gaba da yin la'akari da ƙididdigar su, suna rarraba kasafin kudin Rasha a yankuna.

Bugu da} ari, Ma'aikatar Ku] a] en ya ha] a da dukan shugabannin galaxy, da suka gudanar da bincike, a wa] ansu wurare. Saboda haka, a cikin farfajiyoyi mun samu juna Tatiana Golikova kuma Viktor Hristenko. Ta hanyar post shugaban ma'aikatar kudi Firimiyan shige Yegor Gaidar da Mikhail Kasyanov. "Sake" a cikin Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci kuma ba a yarda da dukkanin Rasha ba. Kuma nawa ne da aka sani da bankunan, kamar shugaban na yanzu VTB 24, Mikhail Zadornov, sun fito ne daga zurfin ma'aikatar kudi, kuma ba za a iya lissafta su ba.

Wannan shi ne abin da mutanen da suka yi sanannun sun ketare shugaban ma'aikatar kudi Anton Siluanov.

Hanya a cikin sabon Millennium

A ranar 22 ga Maris, 2001, Siluanov ya shiga ma'aikatar kudi. Daga Yuli 2003 zuwa Mayu 2004, shi ne Mataimakin Ministan Kudin Alexei Kudrin. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da kula da dangantakar tsakanin kasafin kudi na batutuwa na tarayya. A watan Mayu na wannan shekara, Ma'aikatar ta kafa wani sashen musamman a kan waɗannan batutuwa (dangantaka tsakanin gwamnatoci), wanda Siluanov ya jagoranci. Tun daga watan Disamba na shekara mai zuwa, ya sake komawa mukamin mataimakin ministan, wanda yake lura da dangantakar tsakanin kasafin kuɗi.

Gaba ɗaya, wannan zangon yana dauke da kudi a cikin bangarori na musamman Siluanova. Wannan aikin kasuwanci ne mai matukar damuwa, tare da ƙaƙƙarƙarin ƙarin ƙa'idodin manufofin zuwa lissafin kudi (ba sha'anin, amma jihar, ba shakka). Yi hukunci a kanka, mai karatu. A Rasha, akwai batutuwa guda 85. Kuma hukumomi na kowanne daga cikinsu suna ƙoƙari su yi amfani da kasafin kuɗi kamar yadda suke so, suna jayayya da farashin su tare da bukatun yankin. Wadanda ke da sha'awar shiga cikin dangantaka, suna kewaye da cibiyar tarayya, domin suna iya kasancewa a gefen ƙasa, amma, kamar yadda yake magana, "rabin duniya" daga Moscow. Abin baƙin cikin shine, mutane sun zo kan mulki a wurare daban-daban (labarin nan da yake tare da jagorancin Jam'iyyar Komi, wanda ya fito daga gidajen kurkukun zuwa kurkuku, ya tabbatar da hakan). Don haka daga cibiyar tarayya don waɗannan ma'amaloli kana buƙatar, kamar yadda suke faɗa, ido da idanu. Kuma irin wannan "ido na sarki" shi ne Anton Siluanov. A wannan damar, da sanin dukkanin sassa na yankuna na yankuna, ya sauko da Firayim Ministan Putin a kan tafiye-tafiye a fadin kasar. Bugu da} ari, wakilai na Jihar Duma, musamman, daga rabuwa na "Just Russia", ya nuna shi a matsayin mai gaskiya, ba a ganin shi ba ne don sha'awar kasuwanci.

Kudrin ya yi murabus

A watan Satumba na 2011, bayan ya bayyana cewa sabon Firayim Ministan zai zama Dmitry Medvedev, Ministan Kudin Alexei Kudrin ya bar mukaminsa. Gaskiya ne, ya yi ƙoƙari ya gabatar da janyewarsa saboda wasu bambance-bambance daban-daban tare da jagorancin jagorancin Rasha, inda ya kasance a kan rashin amincewar da ya wuce (a cikin ra'ayi) ya karu a dukiyar soja (Ina mamaki idan Kudrin zai yi amfani da wannan gardama a yau?). Amma duk wanda ke da hankali game da yadda aka tsara sojojin a sabon tsarin jagoran rukuni na Rasha ya bayyana: Kudrin ya yi amfani da shi wajen aiki tare da Putin, ko shugaban kasa, ko firaminista. Kuma ku daidaita ga sabon Firayim Ministan, har ma da shugabancin shugaban kasa, bai so (ko ba zai iya ba).

Ƙayyadaddun aikin diplomasiyya

A sakamakon haka ne, ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2011, Firayim Ministan Rasha Vladimir Putin ya nada Siluanov aiki. Ministan Kudin na Rasha. A wannan yanayin, da farko, mataimakin-Premier na Rasha gwamnatin Igor Shuvalov ya zaci da aikinsu kamar yadda Kudrin, mataimakin firaministan kasar a lura da bunkasa tattalin arziki dake. Sabili da haka Siluanov ya samo asali ne daga cikin ayyukan da kuma ikon Kudrin na Rasha kawai. Ya kuma maye gurbin wanda ya riga ya kasance a mukamin ministocin a cikin kwamitin gwamnonin IMF, Bankin Duniya da kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta EurAsEC.

Bayan da ya zama mukamin Firaministan a watan Disamba na shekarar 2011, Dmitry Medvedev ya nada Siluanov don ya jagoranci Ma'aikatar Kudin a kan ci gaba.

Ayyuka kamar Ministan Kudin

Ta yaya Anton Siluanov ya tabbatar da kansa a sabon ofishin? Tarihinsa (riga ya zama hidima) a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na aiki ya kasance al'ada. Hanyoyin farashin man fetur da gas sun ba da izinin rage kasafin kudin ba tare da kasawa ba, don haka duk abin da ya zama kamar kome ba kome bane. Gaskiya, akwai kaya daya. Bayan ya ɗauki ofishin shugaban kasar Rasha a shekarar 2012, Vladimir Putin ya bayar da jerin hukunce-hukuncen da aka sani ga mutane a matsayin "May" kuma yana nufin tabbatar da ingantaccen rayuwa ga 'yan kasar Rasha, musamman ma'aikata na kasafin kudi: malamai, likitoci, malamai. Wato, shugaban kasa yana da kasafin kuɗi, ya bukaci karuwa a ciyar da bukatun zamantakewa kuma ya mayar da wannan bukata musamman ga ma'aikatar kudi, wato, zuwa ga Siluanov. Duk da haka, aiwatar da ka'idojin "Mayu" ya zama abin ƙyama ga tsarin kudi na ƙasar, kuma Siluanov ya sake bayyana mahimmancin bukatar jinkirta, haifar da rashin amincewa da shugaban kasa da kuma ambaton shi a kan "aikin sirri na jama'a."

Ba a san abin da zai zama babban goyon baya ga Siluanov tare da cika alkawuran zaben shugaban kasa ba, amma a farkon shekarun Ukrainian 2014 ya faru, bayan da aka hada da Crimea, da takunkumi na Yamma, sannan yaki a cikin Donbass, da karfafa takunkumi, kuma ya bayyana ga kowa a Rasha cewa A cikin shekarun nan masu zuwa a kasar nan ba za su kasance ba ". Maganar aiwatar da "Shari'ar May" ta sauko, amma Siluanov bai rayu ba. Bayan haka, rabon kasafin Rasha ya ragu (shekaru biyu a jere da kasawarta ya fi 2.5 trillion rubles). Don rufe wannan kasawa Siluanov yi komai da Reserve Asusun, kafa a lokacin Kudrin.

A farkon shekara ta wannan shekara Siluanov yayi ƙararrawa. Ya sanar da jama'a cewa a wannan shekara za a ragu da rabin rabin Asusun ajiyar kuɗi, kuma a shekara ta gaba za a gama kudi. Kuma abin da ke gaba - rage yawan amfanin jama'a? Duk da yake babu amsa, amma firaministan kasar Medvedev a cikin hira da tashar talabijin na Rasha a cikin watan Disamba na wannan shekara ya gaggauta sake tabbatarwa da Rasha, yana kiran Siluanov "mara kyau 'yan sanda" kuma kansa - yana da kyau, yana nuna cewa Anton Germanovich ya rage launin. Ina so in yi imani da shi.

A wace irin matsala game da yawancin 'yan Rasha, Anton Siluanov ya bayyana kansa? Yawancin shekarun ritaya, a ra'ayinsa, dole ne a tashe su, kuma nan da nan wannan zai faru, mafi kyau. Bayani, ba shakka, mai kawo rigima, amma kana buƙatar la'akari da cewa Rasha ta janye kusan a gaban duniya.

Bayan 'yan kalmomi game da rayuwar sirri

Wakilin Anton Siluanov yana aiki a cikin bangarorin kudi. Suna da ɗan shekara 16 mai suna Hleb. Siluanovs kamar na cin abincin dare a wani kyakkyawan gidan cin abinci a karshen mako, suna ciyar da ranaku a Faransa Courchevel.