Tattaunawar tattalin arziki a cikin tattalin arziki shi ne ... Taron da kuma gasar a cikin Rasha tattalin arziki. Matsayin da ya dace a cikin tattalin arzikin Rasha

Halin rinjaye akan tattalin arzikin ƙasar a duk lokacin da ya kasance yana da girma. A wannan yanayin, tasiri zai iya zama mai kyau ko korau. Bisa ga ajiyar wasu sharuɗɗa na doka game da yanayin gudanarwa, binciken da ake gudanarwa a kullun yana da matukar dacewa.

Definition

Tattaunawar tattalin arziki a cikin tattalin arziki manyan kamfanoni ne waɗanda ke kula da samarwa da sayarwa daya ko fiye da nau'o'in kaya. Harkarsu ba ta da damar yin gasa. Yanayin da ake da shi a cikin tattalin arziki ya rufe hanyar shiga wasu kamfanoni.

Dalilin

Me ya sa ake ganin abu ne kawai? A cikin yanayin tattalin arziki akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa waɗanda suke haifar da fitowar wadannan kamfanoni. Babban dalilai sun hada da:

1. Samun damar karɓar karin kuɗi saboda rashin rashin zaɓin mai amfani.
2. Haɗin ƙaddamar da babban birnin.
3. Rashin masu fafatawa.
4. Mahimmancin babban birnin shi ne "sha" da dama na kananan kamfanoni.
5. Yiwuwar aiwatar da manyan tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki na kasashen waje.

Ƙayyadewa

Akwai siffofin da dama da za a iya samun rinjaye a cikin tattalin arziki. Waɗannan su ne:

• Ƙasashen waje. Irin waɗannan kamfanonin suna haifar da doka. Ayyukan al'ada suna tsara iyakoki, tsari na ayyukansu.
• Halitta na al'ada. A cikin tattalin arzikin kasuwa, akwai tsarin tsarin da yardar abin da bukatun mai bukata zai fi dacewa idan babu gasar. Wannan shi ne yafi yawa saboda ƙwarewar fasahar samarwa. A lokaci guda, kayayyakin da aka samo a cikin ƙwarewar ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu kaya ba. A wannan yanayin, buƙatar samfurori da kamfanin ya samar, zuwa ƙananan ƙananan, zai dogara ne akan canji a darajar su fiye da halayyar sauran kayan.
• Hannun budewa a cikin tattalin arziki shi ne halin da ake ciki lokacin da sabon fasahar ya tashi, amma ba a samu ba tukuna. Saboda haka, ana aiwatar da shi a farkon matakai, a matsayin tsarin mulki, ɗayan manyan kasuwanni.

Matsayin da ya dace a cikin tattalin arzikin Rasha

Kamfanoni irin wannan suna yin ayyuka mafi muhimmanci a Rasha. An nuna muhimmancin kwarewar tattalin arziki a cikin rukunin tattalin arziki na Rasha a cewar gaskiyar kasar ta kasa da kasa ta dogara ne ga kamfanonin kamfanin. Bugu da ƙari, samar da gida na gida tare da kayan sana'a ba shi da mahimmanci. Wannan karshen shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa samfurori da aka samar suna cinyewa daga dukan jama'a. Ƙananan masana'antun masana'antun suna samar da makamashi, gas, ruwa, ayyukan sufuri, ciki har da hanyoyi, hanyoyin jiragen sama, samar da hanyoyin sadarwa, sadarwa. Duk waɗannan kayayyakin suna cinye yawan jama'a. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan siffofin da ke rarrabe kowane abu a cikin tattalin arziki shi ne kafa babban tsangwama ga masana'antu. A gaban mawallafi guda, tasirin samar da girma yana da girma, girman girman ƙirar ya fara, wanda zai sa wasu kamfanoni su samu gasa. A cikin al'umma, a matsayin mulkin, babu damar da za ta iya tsayayya da fiye da ɗaya irin wannan kamfani.

FZ Nada 147

A cikin wannan Dokar akwai jerin masana'antu, a cikin kowane ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan da ke da kayatarwa na iya aiki. Sun hada da:

1. Sanya gas, man fetur da kayayyakinta ta hanyar pipelines.
2. Samar da sabis don watsa zafi da wutar lantarki.
3. Harkokin sufurin jiragen sama.
4. Ayyukan tashoshi (sufuri, jiragen saman).
5. Gudanar da aiki da kuma aikawa a cikin masana'antun wutar lantarki.
6. Ayyuka don aiki na hanyoyin samar da ruwa.

A kan wannan jerin, babbar mahimmancin gudummawar tattalin arziki a cikin tattalin arziki ya zama bayyananne. Wadannan masana'antu suna shafar muhimman al'amurra na goyon bayan rayuwar jama'a. Abinda ke tattare da tsarin tattalin arziki shi ne ci gaba da samar da samfurori masu mahimmanci, ajiye farashin a matakin mafi kyau. Daga cikin shahararren kamfanonin dake aiki a Rasha a cikin wannan hanya, wajibi ne a lura da irin wannan JSCs kamar:

1. "Gazprom".
2. "RZD".
3. Gyara.
4. "FGC YA".

Musamman

Tattaunawar tattalin arziki a cikin tattalin arziki shine kamfani wanda:

1. Ayyukan aiki a cikin digiri mafi girma shine samar da sabis, an tsara su don yawancin masu amfani (masu amfani).
2. A cikin kudade yana da babban kuɗi.

Babu shakka, ayyukan da irin waɗannan kamfanoni ya kamata a yi su ta hanyar jihar. Da farko, a majalisun dokoki, an kafa wasu iyaka don samarda farashin ayyukan. Dole ne a gudanar da lissafi ta hanyar da samfurin samfurin yana samuwa ga duk masu amfani. Bugu da ƙari, ga irin waɗannan kamfanonin, da kuma sauran, an kafa wajibi don aiwatar da kudaden haraji zuwa kasafin kudin.

Gwani

Kasuwanci-wanda ya mallaki kullun yana samun dama:

• Yin amfani da cikakkiyar amfani da sakamakon ma'auni na samar da kanta. Wannan yana taimaka wajen rage yawan kudin da za a samar da kayan aiki.
• Tattara manyan albarkatun kuɗi don kula da layin samarwa a matakin mafi kyau.
• Yi amfani da nasarori na cigaban kimiyya da fasaha.
• Bi ka'idodi ɗaya don ayyukan da aka bayar da samfurori.
• Sauya kasuwa inji na ciki-matsayi tsari, wata hanya da contractual dangantakar. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen raguwa mai yawa a asarar da ke tattare da rashin tabbas da hadarin.

Cons

Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci na ayyukan masu rinjaye suna bayyana a cikin samun damar su:

• Saita matakin farashi. Wannan yana haifar da jaraba don matsawa wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na halin kaka ga mai siye. A lokaci guda kuma, ba za a iya haifar da wani mummunar tasiri a kan ɗakin ba.
• Block inganta fasaha na samarwa.
• Don ajiyewa a sakamakon nauyin halayen sabis da samfurori.
• Ɗauki nau'i na "diktat ddtat", don haka ya maye gurbin tsarin da aka samu a yanzu.

Ƙarshe

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga jerin sunayen da aka ambata a sama, halayen kamfanoni masu kayatarwa za su iya zama rashin gazawa, da maƙasudi. Wannan yana ba mu damar ƙaddamar cewa wannan tsarin gudanarwa yana da matsala sosai. Abu ne mai matukar damuwa don ƙayyade abin da ba'a iya ɗauka ba, maƙasudai ko ƙari. A halin yanzu, yawancin mutane ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin rashin tabbas da kuma dogara ga kundin tsarin mulki ba. Tsarin halin yanzu ba zai iya raunana ba, balle ya shawo kan mummunar tasiri na kundin tsarin tattalin arziki. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan kamfanoni a yau suna aiki ne a matsayin manyan masana'antun zuba jarurruka.

Dokokin jihohi

Ana iya gudanar da shi a hanyoyi daban-daban. Musamman ma akwai ka'idojin farashin, wanda ya hada da hanyoyi:

1. Matsakaicin farashin.
2. Ƙayyade ƙimar farashin. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanya, ana gano masu amfani waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kulawa masu dacewa. A gare su, mafi tsayayyar tsaro an kafa idan babu yiwuwar gamsar da bukatun a cikakke.
3. Biyan kuɗi. Wannan hanya ake kira Hanyar farashin nuna bambanci ba. Ya ba da shawara cewa an samar da mabukaci tare da samfurori a farashin rage farashin masu amfani.

Dokokin ka'idojin ba-farashi suna aiki ba. Waɗannan su ne:

1. Tsarin farko. Ya haɗa da yin biyayya da aikace-aikacen don yarda don shiga cikin wani ma'amala ko wasu bayanan da aka buƙatar da hukumomi masu izini.
2. Tsarin kulawa. Yana da sanarwar da ya dace game da ƙayyadaddun tsarin game da ayyukan da ake dauka.

Kudin farashi

An samo irin wannan ma'auni a matakin gwamnati a shekarar 2013. A daidai wannan lokacin, a farkon shekara ta doka, ba a tada tarurruka ba, kuma a cikin shekaru 2 na gaba an gudanar da bincike bisa ga yawan farashin da ya wuce. A halin yanzu, masu rinjaye sun ce za su yanke shirye-shiryen zuba jari. Wannan, ta biyun, zai rinjayi mummunan yanayin jihar da dama. Bugu da ƙari, a farkon farkon gabatarwar irin wannan ma'auni, kamfanoni sun nuna yiwuwar sake gina tsarin. Saboda haka, shi ne wata ma'aikata saukarwa (a cikin administrative naúrar), sãma da indexation na Hakkin (sai dai samar da ma'aikata). A cewar kimanin Gazprom, a shekarar 2013, lokacin da farashin ya shafe shekaru uku masu zuwa, kamfanin zai iya rasa kudaden dala biliyan 510. A wannan yanayin, da zuba jari da shirin da aka kimanta da za a rage by 407 biliyan rubles.