Menene kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin?

Kowace rana mu yi abin da wasu abubuwa: dauki su a hannunka, kuma ya aikata wani magudi a kan su - kau da, la'akari, bayan duk, sun watse. Shin ka taba tunanin abin da shi ya kunshi wadannan abubuwa? "Abin da yake akwai a tunani game da? Saboda karfe / itace / roba / masana'anta!" - Amsar ruxani da yawa daga cikin mu. Sunny shi ne daidai amsar. Kuma saboda abin da wadannan kayan - ƙarfe, da na itace, roba, masana'anta, da yawa wasu abubuwa? Yau za mu tattauna wannan batun.

Kwayar Komayya kuma zarra: kayyade

A ilmi mutum Amsar mai sauki da kuma banal: na kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin. Amma wasu mutane suna girgiza da fara rattling kashe tambayoyi: "Mene ne kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin yi suka kama?" da dai sauransu, da dai sauransu A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi domin. To, da farko, cewa irin wannan kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin? Zai gaya maka samunsa cewa definition - ba abu guda. Kuma ko da more - yana da mabanbanta sharuddan. Saboda haka, zarra - shi ne mafi karami wani ɓangare na wani sinadari, wanda shine m na da kaddarorin, da barbashi abu da zaran nauyi da kuma size. A kwayoyin - shi ne electrically tsaka tsaki barbashi wadda aka kafa da dama juna da covalent shaidu na kwayoyin halitta.

Mene ne zarra: tsarin

Atom hada da electron harsashi da kuma cikin atomic nuclei (photo). Bi da bi, da tsakiya kunshi protons da neutrons, da kuma wani harsashi - da electrons. A gaskiya ma cajin zarra protons, electrons - korau, da kuma neutrons ba caje a duk. Idan yawan protons m da adadin electrons, da zarra ne electrically tsaka tsaki, Ina nufin, idan muka taba zuwa da wani abu kafa na kwayoyin da irin wannan kwayoyin halitta ba ji wata 'yar alamar lantarki bugun jini. Kuma ko da ya yi nauyi-taƙawa kwakwalwa bai kama saboda rashi na karshen. Amma shi ne cewa mafi protons fiye da electrons, da kuma mataimakin versa. To, waɗanda atoms zai zama daidai kira ions. Idan yana da mafi protons, shi ne electrically kyau, idan shi aka mamaye electron - electrically korau. Kowane zarra yana da wani m tabbataccen adadin protons, neutrons da electrons. Kuma shi za a iya lasafta. Samfuri saduwa da kalubale na gano yawan wadannan barbashi ne kamar haka:

Chem. kashi - R (Saka kashi sunan)
A protons (p) -?
A electrons (e) -?
Neutrons (n) -?
bayani:
p = .Ya ce № Chem. R kashi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin na DI Mendeleev
f = p
n = A _{r (R)} - № _R

Mene ne kwayoyin: tsarin

Kwayar Komayya - da karami barbashi na wani sinadaran abu, wanda yake nufin shi an riga an kai tsaye a hada a cikin abun da ke ciki. Kwayar Komayya takamaiman abu kunshi da dama m ko daban-daban kwayoyin halitta. Features na da tsarin da kwayoyin dogara ne a kan jiki Properties na abu a cikin abin da suka kasance ba. A kwayoyin kunshi electrons da kwayoyin halitta. karshe wuri za a iya samu tare da taimakon tsarin dabara. A tsarin da kwayoyin domin sanin hanya na wani sunadarai dauki. Yawancin lokaci suna tsaka tsaki (da babu wutar lantarki), kuma bã su da wani unpaired electrons (duk valences suna ma'amala). Duk da haka, da suka iya caja, sa'an nan su dace sunan - ions. Har ila yau, kwayoyin iya zama unpaired electrons da unsaturated valences - a cikin wannan harka aka kira su radicals.

ƙarshe

Yanzu da ka san abin da zarra ne, kuma abin da kwayoyin. All, ba tare da togiya, wani abu hada da kwayoyin, da kuma karshen, bi da bi, gina up na kwayoyin halitta. Jiki Properties na abu da kuma sanin ko za a wuri na dangane da kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin a cikin shi.