Wane ne uban Soviet kimiyyar lissafi? Mafi shahara kimiyyar lissafi na Tarayyar Soviet

Kimiyya karatu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da za'ayi a cikin garkunan. Murfin. Ma'aikata yawa cibiyoyin bincike da kuma dakunan gwaje-gwaje sun yi aiki dare da rana domin amfanin talakawa mutane da kuma kasar baki daya. Academy of Sciences kasance m tabbatar, kamar yadda wani da fasaha, al'adu, lissafi, chemists, likitoci, masana kimiyyar, geographers yanka ta hanyar da hazo da na rashin tabbas.

Duk da haka, musamman da hankali da aka bai wa lissafin kimiyya.

rassan kimiyyar lissafi

A mafi muhimmanci wuraren da cewa sau da yawa ya fi gata sun Aerospace, da jirgin sama, kazalika da halittar kwamfuta fasaha.

Soviet kimiyyar lissafi Uba

Famous masana kimiyya a tarihin mutane da yawa. A jerin suna "The fi shahara kimiyyar lissafi na Tarayyar Soviet" yana buɗewa da mataimakin shugaban kasar na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet, Academician Ioffe Abram Fedorovich. Masana kimiyya sun halitta shahara makaranta, wanda a daban-daban sau sun kammala da yawa talented digiri. Yana da wani hadari Abram Fedorovich - mashawarta Soviet likita, daya daga waɗanda ake kira "ubanninsu" na wannan kimiyya.

A nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a 1880 a Romny, kusa Poltava, a wani m iyali. A ƙasarsa ta kauye, ya samu ya sakandare ilimi, a 1902 ya sauke karatu daga St. Petersburg Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, kuma bayan shekaru uku - University a Munich. A nan gaba "mahaifin na Soviet kimiyyar lissafi" kare da aikin a sosai Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a irin wannan matashi, Abram Fedorovich samu title na Doctor of Science.

Bayan samun digiri, ya koma zuwa St. Petersburg, inda ya fara aiki a cikin gida Polytechnic Institute. Tuni a 1911 da masanin kimiyyar sanya farko muhimmanci samu - ya gano na'urar cajin. sana'a aiki da sauri suka tafi, kuma a 1913 aka ciyar da su Farfesa Joffe.

1918 yana da muhimmanci ga tarihi na gaskiya cewa saboda tasirin da masanin kimiyyar da aka bude Physico-Mechanical Faculty of Cibiyar Radiology binciken. A wannan daga baya Joffe samu da unofficial suna da "uban Soviet da kuma Rasha zarra."

Tun 1920, ya - wani memba na Academy of Sciences.

A lokacin da ya dade aiki Joffe an hade da Petrograd kwamitin Industry, Association of lissafin kimiyya, agrophysical Cibiyar masana kimiyya gida a St. Petersburg, da semiconductor dakin gwaje-gwaje.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II ya shugabanci hukumar soja da fasaha da kuma aikin injiniya.

A shekarar 1942 awon masanin kimiyya lobbied bude, a cikinsa karatu nukiliya halayen. An located in Kazan. Its hukuma sunan - "Laboratory №2 Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences."

Wanda ake kira "uban Soviet kimiyyar lissafi" mafi sau da yawa, don haka shi Ioffe!

Yana ba ya zama wani farfesa Oktoba 14, 1960, a St. Petersburg.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mai girma masanin kimiyya busts, memorials, commemorative plaques ne bayyane. Sunansa da aka bai wa duniyar tamu, titi, square, makaranta a ƙasarsa ta Romney.

A bakin dutse a kan wata - for sabis

Wanda ake kira "uban Soviet kimiyyar lissafi", saboda wannan shi ne daya daga cikin fice masanin kimiyya - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Ya aka haife Afrilu 22, 1879 a Mogilev a wani ilimi iyali likita da pianist.

Tun suna yara, matasa Leonid kõma zuwa kimiyya, dadin karanta. Ya yi karatu a Odessa da Strasbourg.

Wanda ake kira "uban Soviet kimiyyar lissafi"? Mutumin da suka aikata su matuqar wannan kimiyya.

Mandel'shtam fara kimiyya aiki a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar tun shekara ta 1925. Godiya ga kokarin masana kimiyya, da jami'a koma aiki na jiki da kuma ilmin lissafi da kuma ta jiki da ikon tunani.

Mafi shahara aiki na Mandel'shtam ya nazarin haske watsi. Domin irin wannan ayyuka masanin kimiyyar Raman Chandrasekhar karbi Nobel Prize. Ko da yake ya sha bayyana cewa shi ne mai Soviet likita, ina da wannan kwarewa da kusan a mako a baya.

Yana ba ya zama wani masanin kimiyya a shekarar 1944 a birnin Moscow.

Ƙwaƙwalwar na Mandel'shtam immortalized a busts, memorials.

A girmamawa ga masanin kimiyya mai suna a bakin dutse a kan mayar da gefe na da watã.

marubucin littafi, wanda ya yi girma fiye da daya tsara

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - wanda ya kira "uban Soviet kimiyyar lissafi." An haife shi a 1890 a Vologda.

A 1908 ya sauke karatu tare da karrama daga makarantar sakandare a Nizhny Novgorod.

A 1913 ya sauke karatu daga Physics da lissafi Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Ya fara aiki tare da koyar da a wannan jami'a.

Ya kuma yi aiki a Omsk aikin gona, Moscow Physical-Technical da kuma Technical Institute.

A shekarar 1923, ya zama wani farfesa.

Babban aikin - nazarin kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da kuma spectroscopy. Na gano wani Hanyar na bincike a cikin wani iri-iri da karafa da kuma gami, ga wanda a cikin 1941 aka bayar da Jihar Prize.

Ya - da kafa Cibiyar spectroscopy da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences da School na atomic na analysis.

Makaranta Gregory Samuilovich tuna a matsayin marubucin na "na farko kimiyyar lissafi littafi," wanda tsira maimaita reprinting da shekaru da yawa, aka dauke mafi kyau.

Yana ba ya zama wani masanin kimiyya a Moscow a shekarar 1957.

Winner a 1978 na Nobel Prize a kimiyyar lissafi

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa aka haife Yuni 26, 1894 a Kronstadt a wani iyali na soja injiniya da surveyor. Kronstadt bayan kammala makaranta, sai ya shiga St. Petersburg Polytechnic University a cikin Faculty of Electromechanics. A farko kimiyya darektan na gaba masanin kimiyyar ya zama Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Kapitsa ya kan filin yaƙi a matsayin mai sa kai - yi aiki a matsayin likita mota da direba.

Bayan demobilization ya fara aiki a X-ray, kuma Radiological Institute, wanda aka buga na farko da aikin kamar yadda wani ma'aikaci.

A 1921, sai ya tafi ƙarin horo a Birtaniya, a Cambridge, inda ya duba ya kansa Ernest Rutherford.

Fame masanin kawo gudanar da bincike don karfi electromagnetic filayen. A 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. A shekara ta 1929, Kapitza zama memba na Royal Society of London. A lokaci guda ya kuma an zabe baya nan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

A 1930, na sirri awon Kapitza aka gina.

The masanin kimiyya taba manta da mahaifarsa kuma sau da yawa ya zo ziyarci uwarsa da sauran dangi.

A 1934 ya kasance wani na yau da kullum ziyarar. Amma koma Ingila Kapitsa ba saki, ambatawa ta taimako ga kasashen waje makiya.

A wannan shekara, wani likita, sai aka nada Darektan Cibiyar jiki Matsaloli. A 1935, ya koma Moscow da yake a cikin zubar da mai zaman kansa mota. An kusan nan da nan fara gina dakin gwaje-gwaje, kama da Turanci. Kudin aikin ya kusan Unlimited. Amma da masanin kimiyyar ya akai-akai lura da cewa, yanayin da nisa baya zuwa Turanci.

A farkon 1940s, babban aiki na Kapitza aka nufin samun ruwa oxygen.

A shekarar 1945 ya shiga a cikin Soviet atomic bam aikin.

A shekarar 1955 ya kasance a cikin ci gaban tawagar na farko wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu.

haske aiki

Domin aikin "jini da kuma sarrafawa thermonuclear dauki" a 1978, Academician karbi Nobel Prize.

Pyotr Leonidovich ne mai karɓa daga m lambobin yabo da kuma kyaututtuka. Ya bayar da gudunmawar kimiyya ne da gaske invaluable.

Yana ba ya zama wani shahararren masanin a 1984.

Yanzu da ka san wanda ake kira "ubanninmu na Soviet kimiyyar lissafi."