A mafi tsawo a layi daya - mazauna

Da bukatar a daidai ƙayyade da wuri a cikin ƙasa ta surface da ta kewaye abubuwa zama musamman dacewa ga wani mutum da farkon aiki nazari na duniya.
Geographic tsarawa - latitud da longitude - an ƙaddara da batu na mahada biyu hasashen Lines - daidaici da kuma meridians. A mafi tsawo a layi daya na latitud wadda ta fara - ekweita.

Asalin sunan

An hasashen line cewa an kafa a kan surface na duniya da maki located equidistant daga biyu dogayen sanda, wani taurãro raba zuwa biyu hemispheres, biyu hemispheres. Kalmar da sunan irin wannan iyaka yana tsoho asalinsu. Latin «aequator», farke, kafa daga fi'ili «aequō» - daidaitãwa. A kasa da kasa yi, "ekweita" shigar da Jamusanci harshe, daga Äquator.

Wannan kalma na da mafi janar ma'anar. A lissafi a uku-girma jiki da ciwon yardatayya perpendicular zuwa biyu da axis da jirgin sama na fasali, shi yana da nasa ekweita, ta mafi tsawo a layi daya - da mahada da surface na jiki tare da wani jirgin sama na fasali. A ilmin taurari da aka sani zuwa ga wani sarari suKe ekweita, Magnetic ekweita na wani taurãro, ko star.

Land - ne geoid

A imani da cewa duniya ne wani lebur Disc siffar, aka tambayi kawai da tsoho Greek malamai. shi ya bayyana ta ƙarshen XIX karni, cewa siffar wannan duniya tamu - shi ne ba kawai wani m Sphere, amma musamman jiki na juyawa - da geoid, da farfajiya wadda aka rinjayi mutane da yawa dalilai - da karfi na nauyi zuwa ga "cosmic iska." Biyu da maki na geoid bayyana ta wurin axis na juyawa - shi ne Arewa da Kudu iyakacin duniya. Equidistant daga gare su ne mafi tsawo a layi daya a duniya, Duniya ta "kugu" - ekweita.

Amma da geoid ba daidai ba, amma kawai kamar bayyana siffar na duniya. , Dõmin ta kasance a cikin rashi na duwatsu da kwaruruka, idan akwai kawai shiru, undisturbed surface na duniya tekuna. Wannan matakin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kewayawa da geodesy - rahoton shi kasancewa a tsaye alamomi daban-daban domin fasaha da aikin injiniya da wurin.

A tsawon ekweita

Fahimci wanda layi daya da mafi tsawo yiwu kuma a kan takamaiman dabi'u na lissafi ma'aunai na geoid. A radius daga ekweita, kamar yadda da'ira, "incised" a kan Duniya ta surface, sunã daidaita da radius na duniya. M ma'aunai nuna cewa wannan siga dabam a sassa daban-daban na duniya - iyakacin duniya radius ne 21,3 km kasa da Equatorial. A talakawan darajar - 6371 km

Bisa ga dabara karkara - 2πR - zai iya lissafi da tsawon ekweita. Daban-daban Geophysical matsayin ayyana lambobin da bambanci game da 3 m, a talakawan - 40075 km. A karkara na cikin Meridian - 40.007 km, wanda ya tabbatar da musamman lissafi halaye geoid.

Latitude sifili

Layukan, wanda aka rufe da duniya - gani model duniya - 360 form meridians shiga cikin biyu dogayen sanda 180 da kuma Lines layi daya to ekweita, rarraba kan dogayen sanda guda 90 a garesu na shi. Asalin longitude tun 1884 da aka dauke su Meridian kõma ta hanyar da Greenwich Observatory, located a kan kudu-maso-gabas na Birtaniya babban birnin kasar. A mafi tsawo a layi daya da ya rabu da duniya a arewacin da kuma kudancin hemispheres - asalin latitud.

Kula - wannan kusurwa dabi'u, auna a digiri. Longitude - da kwana tsakanin jirgin sama wucewa ta sifili - Greenwich - Meridian kuma daya cewa wakiltar wani layi a haɗa da ƙasa iyakacin duniya da kuma kusaci ta cikin aya. Don gabas na Greenwich zuwa 180 ° longitude gabas da kuma kira zuwa ga zama tabbatacce, yamma - shi yana da wani mummunan darajar da ake cewa yamma.

A da maki equidistant daga sandunan samar da Equatorial jirgin sama. A radius kõma daga cibiyar na duniya ta hanyar wani ba batu na bãyan tẽkun, forming tare da wannan jirgin sama wani kwana wanda girma ne latitud. A mafi tsawo a layi daya yana da sifili latitud. Arewa na ekweita, wannan kusurwa aka dauke m - daga 0 ° zuwa 90 °, kudu - korau.

Da ãyõyinMu, kuma rituals

Mazauna - kawai kawayeniya iyaka tsakanin biyu hemispheres, amma da ya kullum zuga mutum hasashensu. Matuƙan daga kasashe daban-daban ya yanke shawarar bi da musamman rituals lokacin tsallaka da sifili latitud, musamman ga wadanda suka yi shi a karon farko. Ina ekweita wuce wurin rayuwa sarari, kokari ne gina musamman da ãyõyinMu, kuma Tsarin cewa yin matukar hakikanin line. Rare yawon bude ido rasa damar da za su tsaya tare da daya kafar, a cikin ta Kudu, da kuma sauran - a arewacin yammancin duniya. Sa'an nan manta sunan mafi tsawo a layi daya duniya, ba shi yiwuwa.

Amma akwai wani kusa-Equatorial yankuna na Duniya da kuma sauran musamman halaye da cewa ba su da wani musamman da darajar. A gravitational janye ne dan kadan karami fiye da sauran latitudes da kuma juyawa lokacinta duniya more. Wannan ceton da yawa roka man fetur ya kawo kumbon sama jannati a cikin falaki. Babu daidaituwa cewa a cikin Equatorial Faransa Guiana a kan ta Kudu American tekun ne mafi tasiri farawa sarari hadaddun - Kourou spaceport.