Mene ne sauti shãmaki. Karya sauti shãmaki

Abin da muka kwatanta lokacin da muka ji da kalmar "sauti shamaki"? A wasu iyaka da shãmaki, rinjãyarsu wanda zai iya tsanani shafi ji kuma ji. Yawanci, da sauti shãmaki dangantaka da ci daga sararin samaniyar da kuma sana'a matukin jirgi.

Cin Nasara da wannan shãmaki ne iya fararwa da ci gaban kullum cututtuka, zafi syndromes da kuma rashin lafiyan halayen. Shin, waɗannan ne daidai da ra'ayoyi ko suna kafa stereotypes? Shin, suna da wani gaskiyane akai? Mene ne sauti shãmaki? Ta yaya kuma me ya sa shi ya auku? Duk wannan da kuma wasu ƙarin nuances, kazalika da tarihin asali hade da wannan ra'ayi, za mu yi kokarin gano a cikin wannan labarin.

Wannan m kimiyya - Aerodynamics

A kimiyya na aerodynamics, tsara don bayyana mamaki rakiyar motsi
da jirgin sama, akwai manufar "sauti shãmaki." Wannan jerin mamaki sakamakon daga motsi na supersonic jiragen sama, ko roka da tafiya a gudu kusa da gudun sauti ko mafi girma.

Mene ne shockwave?

A kan aiwatar da supersonic kwarara a cikin iska rami na'ura na wani tura kalaman. Its burbushi za a iya gani ko da ido tsirara. A ƙasa, suka bayyana rawaya line. Yammacin buga mazugi a gaban rawaya layi a ƙasa jirgin sama ne ba ko da audible. A gudu wucewa Sonic, Sonic kwarara da jiki fallasa da ya kwarara da cewa entails da tura kalaman. Ta iya zama daya da cewa ya dogara da siffar jiki.

Chanza shockwave

A gaban da tura kalaman, wanda wani lokacin ake kira da tura kalaman, yana da wani m kananan kauri, kyale duk da haka waƙa ba zato canje-canje a kwarara Properties, rage ta gudu dangi zuwa ga jiki da kuma m karuwa a matsa lamba da kuma iskar gas zafin jiki a cikin kwarara. A sanadin motsi makamashi da aka partially canza kama zuwa ciki makamashi na iskar gas. The adadin wadannan canje-canje ya dogara da supersonic kwarara. Kamar yadda tura kalaman motsa daga inji, matsa lamba saukad da an rage, da kuma buga kalaman ne tuba zuwa cikin sauti. Yana iya isa wani waje Kiyayewa wanda ya ji rarrabe sauti kama wani fashewa. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne shaida daga cikin nasara da na'urar da gudun sauti, da sauti shãmaki lokacin da jirgin saman ya bar baya.

Abin da ke gaske faruwa?

A ake kira lokacin da ya karya sauti shãmaki a yi wakiltar da nassi daga cikin bugu kalaman tare da kara hum jirgin sama injuna. The inji shi ne a yanzu gaba da rakiyar sauti, don haka da engine hum za a iya ji bayan shi. Kimantawa na gudun da jirgin sama zuwa gudun sauti tana yiwuwa ko a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, amma matukan jirgi lura da alamun kashedi a cikin jirgin sama.

Bayan da yaki, da yawa jirgin sama zanen kaya da kuma matukan jirgin, kokarin isa gudun sauti da kuma karya sauti shãmaki, amma da yawa daga cikin wadannan yunkurin kare takaici. Pessimistic masu bincike jãyayya da cewa wannan iyaka ne m doke. Shi ne ba gwaji ba, amma a kimiyya hanya zuwa bayyana yanayin ya juya manufar "sauti shamaki" da kuma gano hanyoyin da za rinjaye shi ba.

A samu shawarwari don aminci jirgin

Secure flights a transonic da supersonic kalaman yayin guje wa yiwu rikicin, da ya faru na wanda ya dogara a kan nata irin sigogi na jirgin sama da kuma tsawo daga cikin halittarku tace. Canji, daga wannan mataki zuwa wani gudun ya kamata a yi da sauri tare da yin amfani da afterburner, wanda zai taimaka kauce wa wani dogon gudu a cikin kalaman da rikicin yankin. Kalaman rikicin a matsayin ra'ayi ya zo daga ruwa kai. Yana tashi a lokacin da wata zirga-zirga tare da wani gudu kusa da gudu daga cikin tãguwar ruwa a kan ruwa surface. Contact tare da kalaman rikicin entails mai girma kudi na wahala, kuma idan zai yiwu kawai don shawo kan rikicin kalaman, sa'an nan za ka iya zuwa gliding ko zamiya yanayin a kan ruwa surface.

Tarihi a gudanar da jirgin sama

Na farko mutum ya isa supersonic airspeed matukin jirgin sama, - wani American matukin Chak Yeger. Nasarar da ya samu alama a cikin tarihi na Oktoba 14, 1947. A Tarayyar Soviet, da sauti shãmaki aka shawo kan Disamba 26, 1948 Sokolowski da Fedorov, suka gudu wani gogaggen jirgin saman soja.

Na} ungiyoyin jirgin sama na farko a warware sauti shãmaki jiragen Douglas DC-8 wadda Agusta 21, 1961 ya kai gudun 1.012 M, ko 1262 km / h. Flight aka tsara don tattara bayanai domin zane na reshe. Daga cikin aircrafts duniya rikodin kafa aeroballistic hypersonic makami mai linzami "iska-ƙasar", wanda yake shi ne Rasha Army. A tsawon 31,2 kilomita na makami mai linzami yana da top gudun 6389 km / h.

50 bayan shekara da hutu da sauti shãmaki a cikin iska Banasare Endi grin sanya wani irin nasara da mota. A freefall na kokarin karya da rikodi na American Dzho Kittinger, wanda nasara da tsawo na 31,5 kilomita. Yau, Oktoba 14, 2012, Felix Baumgartner kafa duniya rikodin, ba tare da taimakon kai, a free fall daga tsawo na 39 kilomita, keta sauti shãmaki. ta gudun lõkacin da ta kai 1342,8 kilomita awa.

A mafi m keta sauti shãmaki

Shi ne m zuwa zaton, amma duniya ta farko da sabuwar dabara ya karya wannan iyaka, ya zama wani talakawa bulala, suka qirqiro da zamanin da na Sin game da 7000 da suka wuce. Kusan kafin da sabuwar dabara na nan take daukar hoto a 1927, babu daya da ake zargi da cewa bulala-danna - a dada Sonic albarku. Sharp kalaman Forms madauki, da kuma gudun qara da cika fuska, wanda aka tabbatar da wani click. Sound shãmaki an shawo kan a cikin tsari na 1200 km / h gudun.

Tatsuniya na biki ya kasance biki birni

Ba abin mamaki da mazauna kananan garuruwa suna gigice ganin babban birnin kasar a karon farko. Yawan kai, daruruwan gidajen cin abinci da kuma nisha wurare ne m da kuma buga daga cikin Rut. A farkon spring a cikin babban birnin kasar da aka yawanci kwanan rana Afrilu maimakon Maris Blizzard m. A watan Afrilu, ne bayyananne sama, yanã gudãna a ƙarƙashinsu, kuma buds. Mutane sun gaji da dogon hunturu, widen da taga zuwa ga rãnã, kuma bursts na titi amo a cikin gidan. A kan titi deafening chirping tsuntsaye singing artists karanta shayari gaisuwa dalibai, ba a ma maganar da amo, wuraren da cunkoso da kuma jirgin karkashin kasa. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sashen lura da cewa dogon tsaya a cikin biki ya kasance biki birni ne cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya. Hum babban birnin kasar kunshi sufuri,
jirgin sama, masana'antu da kuma iyali noises. A mafi cutarwa ne kawai da mota amo kamar yadda jirage tashi high isa, da kuma amo daga cikin kamfanonin da narkar da su gine-gine. The m hum motoci a kan mafi busiest hanyõyi, ya wuce duk m norms sau biyu. Kamar yadda babban birnin kasar na karya da sauti shãmaki? Moscow ne m yawa na sauti, don haka mazauna babban birnin kasar shigar biyu-glazed windows zuwa muffle da amo.

Yadda ake storming da sauti shãmaki?

Har 1947 babu hujjar da mutum da-kasancewa a cikin Matuka jirgin yake tashi da sauri fiye da sauti. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da keta sauti shãmaki bukatar wani ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfin hali. A lokacin da jirgin ya bayyana cewa babu wani garanti zuwa tsira. Ko wani kwararren direban ba zai iya cewa don tabbatar ko beyar hari da jirgin sama zane abubuwa. A cikin minti, da jirgin saman iya kawai fada baya. Mẽne ne ya bayyana? Ya kamata a lura cewa da motsi na da wani subsonic gudu halitta Ft Irfan tãguwar ruwa diverge kamar yadda da'ira auku daga dutse. Supersonic gudun murna buga tãguwar ruwa, da kuma tsaye a kan ƙasa da mutum ya ji wani sauti kamar wani fashewa. Ba tare da m kwakwalwa ya na da wuya a warware hadaddun bambanci lissafai, kuma sun dogara kan hurawa model a iska Tunnels. Wani lokacin idan akwai kasa hanzari jirgin buga kalaman kai irin ikon da tashi windows daga cikin gidajen a kan abin da jirgin sama ne yawo. Karya da sauti shamaki ba zai iya kowa da kowa, saboda a wannan lokacin girgiza dukan tsarin, babba lalacewar iya samun hawa na'ura. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci ga matukan jirgi a cikin mai kyau kiwon lafiya da kuma wani tunanin da kwanciyar hankali. Idan jirgin ke da taushi, amma sauti shãmaki shawo kan matsalar da wuri ba, ko matukin jirgi kuma da yiwu fasinjoji ba zai ji sosai m majiyai. Musamman ga ci daga cikin sauti shãmaki aka gina bincike jirgin sama a watan Janairu 1946. Samar da inji aka qaddamar da oda na ma'aikatar tsaron kasar, amma a maimakon makamai shi cushe kimiyya kayan aiki da sa ido aiki sunadaran da kuma kida. Wannan jirgin sama ya kasance kamar wani zamani cruise makami mai linzami da gina roka engine. Cin Nasara da jirgin sama na sauti shãmaki faruwa a iyakar gudu 2736 km / h.

Fi'ili da kuma ta jiki Monuments cinye gudun sauti

Ci gaba a shawo kan matsalar sauti shãmaki suna sosai prized a yau. Saboda haka, da jirgin saman a cikin abin da Chak Yeger farko shi ya rinjaya, shi ne a yanzu a kan nuni a National Air da kuma Space Museum, wanda aka located in Washington. Amma da fasaha sigogi da wannan mutum da sabuwar dabara, zai zama daraja kadan ba tare da isa yabo na matukin jirgi. Chak Yeger tafi Flight School, kuma suka yi jihãdi a Turai, kafin ya dawo Ingila. M sallama daga jirgin bai karya ruhun Jaeger, kuma ya samu karbuwa a Cif na sojojin Turai. A cikin shekaru sauran har karshen yaki, Yeager aka hannu a 64 fama manufa a lokacin da harbe saukar 13 jirgin sama. Home Chak Yeger koma tare da daraja na kyaftin. Its halaye na wadannan mamaki diraya, m kwanciyar hankali da kuma jimiri cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Ba sau daya Yeager kafa records a kan jirgin sama. Ya m aiki ne a cikin Air Force raka'a, inda ya za'ayi da horo na matukan jirgi. A karshe lokaci Chak Yeger karya sauti shãmaki a 74 shekaru cewa yana da hamsin da ranar tunawa da ya gudu da kuma tarihi na 1997.

Complex ayyuka halitta na jirgin sama

MiG-15 jirage da aka sani zuwa ga dukan duniya ya fara haifar a daidai lokacin da developers gane cewa ku ba za a iya tushen kawai a kan keta sauti shãmaki, kuma ya kamata warware hadaddun fasaha matsaloli. A sakamakon haka shi da wani inji ne don haka nasara da cewa shi ya tsaya gyara soma a kasashe daban-daban. Da dama daban-daban zane ofisoshin da hannu a wani irin gasar, inda ta samu kyautar wani lamban kira a kan mafi nasara da kuma aikin da jirgin sama. Tsara jirgin sama tare da share fuka-fuki, shi ne juyin juya hali a cikin kayayyaki. An manufa na'urar ya zama mai iko, da sauri da kuma wuce yarda da resistant zuwa wani lalacewa daga waje. Share fuka-fuki sun zama wani ɓangare na jirgin sama, wanda ya taimaka musu su tãyar da uku sau gudun sauti. Bugu da ari jirgin sama kudi na ci gaba da kara, anta zuwa wani karuwa a engine iko, ta hanyar anfani da kayan da ingantawa da nata irin sigogi. Karya sauti shamaki da aka sanya yiwu kuma real ko ga layman, amma shi ne kasa m wannan ba ya zama, saboda haka wani ekstremal dole soberly tantance su ƙarfi, kafin yankan shawara a kan irin wannan gwajin.