Dehydrogenation na butane zuwa butene

A dehydrogenation na butane ne da za'ayi a fluidized ko motsi gado mai kara kuzari chromium kuma aluminum. A tsari aka gudanar a zazzabi jere daga 550 zuwa 575 digiri. Ƙarin fasali na wasiƙa dauki kwarara ci gaba aiwatar da sarkar.

fasahar Features

Dehydrogenation na butane ne yafi samar a cikin contact adiabatic nukiliya. A dauki yana da za'ayi a gaban tururi, wanda muhimmanci rage da m matsa lamba na hulda gaseous abubuwa. Ramuwa a cikin farfajiya dauki inji endothermic kadan sakamako yana cika ta hanyar samar da zafi ta hanyar surface na flue gas.

Saukake version

A dehydrogenation na butane mafi sauki Hanyar shafi impregnating da alumina tare da wani bayani da chromic anhydride ko potassium chromate.

A sakamakon kara kuzari inganta azumi da kuma ingantaccen tsari gudu. Wannan totur ne a tsarin sunadarai ne samuwa a farashin kewayo.

samar da makirci

Dehydrogenation na butane - a dauki cewa ba ya unsa gwaji mai kara kuzari amfani. Products na dehydrogenation na fara abu fall zuwa ciro barasan naúrar, a cikinsa zabin aka yi da zama dole olefin sulusi da murabba'i. A dehydrogenation na butane zuwa butadiene a tubular reactor da ciwon wani waje dumama zaɓi, damar samar da kyau samfurin amfanin ƙasa.

The bayani dalla-dalla na dauki na ta zumunta da aminci, kazalika da mafi ƙarancin aikace-aikace na nagartaccen sarrafa kansa tsarin da na'urorin. Ambaci iya sanya sauki kayayyaki, kazalika da low amfani da m kara kuzari Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan fasahar.

aiwatar Features

A dehydrogenation na butane ne reversible tsari, da karuwa a juz'i daga cikin cakuda da aka kiyaye. A cewar Le Chatelier ta qa'ida, a sinadaran ma'auni motsa a cikin tsari zuwa gare samun da dauki kayayyakin, shi wajibi ne su runtse da matsa lamba a dauki cakuda.

A ganiya yana dauke yanayi matsa lamba a yanayin zafi har zuwa 575 darajõji, ta amfani da wani gauraye kara kuzari hromoalyuminievogo. Kamar yadda shaida totur tsarin sunadarai a farfajiya na carbonaceous abubuwa wanda aka kafa a lokacin da zurfin gefen halayen wulãƙanci da abinci hydrocarbon, ta aiki da aka rage. Don komawa zuwa gare shi na farko aiki, da kara kuzari da aka sake halitta da watsi da shi da iska, abin da ya garwaya da flue gas.

kwarara da yanayi

Yana kafa a dehydrogenation na butane zuwa butene unsaturated cylindrical nukiliya. A reactor yana da wani musamman gas-rarraba grating saka cyclones cewa kama da mai kara kuzari kura dauke da gas kwarara.

A dehydrogenation na butane zuwa butenes ne tushen ga na zamani da masana'antu tafiyar matakai domin samar da unsaturated hydrocarbons. Bugu da kari ga wannan dauki, irin wannan fasaha da aka yi amfani da, don samar da sauran embodiments paraffins. Dehydrogenation na n-butane ya ba da dalilin samar da isobutane, n-butyl, ethyl benzene.

A kan aiwatar da akwai wasu bambance-bambance, misali, a cikin dehydrogenation na hydrocarbons da paraffin jerin yin amfani da irin wannan catalysts. A misalin tsakanin samar da ethyl benzene kuma olefins, ba kawai a cikin aikace-aikace na aiwatar da totur, amma kuma a cikin yin amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki.

Duration na amfani da mai kara kuzari

Abin da characterizes dehydrogenation na butane? Da dabara na kara kuzari amfani da wannan tsari - shi ne chromium oxide (3). An ajiye a kan amphoteric aluminum oxide. Don kara zaman lafiya da kuma selectivity na aiwatar da totur, shi proimitiruyut potassium oxide. Lokacin amfani da daidai, da talakawan tsawon wata cikakken fledged aiki na kara kuzari na shekara.

Kamar yadda ta aiki, a hankali a hankali shaida daga m mahadi a cakuda oxides. Suna bukatar lokaci su ƙone, ta amfani musamman sunadarai matakai.

kara kuzari dalma ta ruwa tururi ya auku. Shi ne a kan wannan kara kuzari cakuda auku butane dehydrogenation. A dauki lissafi aka dauke a cikin makaranta Hakika kwayoyin sunadarai.

A cikin hali na zazzabi karuwa cikin hanzari da wani tsarin sunadarai da aka kiyaye. Amma wannan tsari an rage da kuma selectivity an kiyaye shaida na coke a kan mai kara kuzari Layer. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a makarantar sakandare sau da yawa samarwa irin wannan aiki: rubuta lissafi dehydrogenation na butane, ethane konewa. Da yawa ne matsala, wadannan matakai ba su unsa.

Rubuta lissafi na dehydrogenation dauki, kuma za ka gane cewa wannan dauki faruwa a biyu kwatance reciprocally. Da lita na dauki totur girma asusun for game da 1000 lita na butane, a gaseous form a cikin awa daya, don haka akwai da dehydrogenation na butane. Reaction na unsaturated butene tare da hydrogen ne kishiya aiwatar da al'ada butane dehydrogenation. Yawa butene a kai tsaye dauki na wani talakawan of 50 bisa dari. Saboda 100 kilo na fara alkane dehydrogenation kafa bayan game da 90 kilo butylene idan tsari ne da za'ayi a yanayi matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki na game da 60 digiri.

Raw Materials for samarwa

Bari mu bincika dehydrogenation na butane. aiwatar lissafi dogara ne a kan yin amfani da albarkatun kasa (gas cakuda) kafa a lokacin refining. A can farko, da m tsabtatawa na butane sulusi da murabba'i daga pentenes da isobutene, wanda ya hana da al'ada Hakika na dehydrogenation dauki.

Ta yaya ne dehydrogenation na butane? A lissafi na wannan tsari ya shafi dama matakai. Tsarkakewa auku dehydrogenation na tsarkake butadiene zuwa butenes 1 da kuma 3. The tattara dauke da hudu carbon atoms, wanda aka samu a cikin hali na catalytic dehydrogenation na n-butane, butene-1 ne ba, n-butane da butenes-2.

Gudanar da cikakken rabuwa daga cikin cakuda shi ne matsala. Lokacin amfani da hakar da fractional barasan za a iya da za'ayi tare da wani sauran ƙarfi irin wannan rabuwa, ƙara da tasiri na rabuwa.

Lokacin dauke da fitar da wani fractional barasan zuwa apparatuses ciwon manyan rabuwa iya aiki, akwai yiwuwar na cika rabuwa butene-1 of al'ada butane da butene-2.

Daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, da aiwatar da dehydrogenation na butane zuwa unsaturated hydrocarbons aka dauke su low-cost samar. Irin wannan fasahar damar don samar da mota da fetur, kazalika da wata babbar iri-iri na sinadaran da samfurori.

Amma, wannan tsari yana tafiya ne kawai a cikin wadanda wuraren da ake bukata unsaturated alkene, kuma butane yana da wani low cost. Saboda da raguwa a farashin da kuma inganta hanyoyin dehydrogenation na butane, muhimmanci kumbura da ikon yinsa, daga amfani da diolefins monolefinov.

butane dehydrogenation hanya ne da za'ayi a daya ko biyu matakai, akwai wani dawowar da unreacted raw kayan zuwa reactor. A karo na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka gudanar dehydrogenation na butane a kara kuzari gado.

A sunadarai Properties na butane

Bugu da kari ga Polymerization tsari, da butane konewa halayen. Ethane, propane, da kuma sauran cikakken hydrocarbons wakilan isasshe dauke a cikin iskar gas, don haka shi ne a albarkatun kasa domin duk halayen, ciki har da konewa.

A Bhutan, da carbon atoms ne sp3-matasan jihar, don haka duk sadarwa guda, sauki. A irin wannan tsarin (tetrahedral siffar) kayyade sinadaran Properties na butane.

Ya ba su iya shiga cikin Bugu da kari dauki, shi ne halin kawai isomerization matakai, canzawa, dehydration.

A sauyawa tare da diatomic halogen kwayoyin ne da za'ayi da wani m inji, da kuma isasshe gindaya wani sharadi (ultraviolet radiation) bukata domin aiwatar da wannan sinadaran hulda. A m muhimmancin duk yana da kaddarorin butane kona, tare da sakin Yã isa zama adadin zafi. Bugu da ƙari, na musamman sha'awa domin samar da dehydrogenation aiwatar da shi ne a paraffinic hydrocarbon.

bayani dalla-dalla dehydrogenation

butane dehydrogenation magani ne da za'ayi a cikin wani tubular reactor ciwon gyarawa mai kara kuzari a waje dumama. A wannan yanayin, da fitarwa yakan butylene Saukake samar da kayan aiki.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan tsari za a iya bambanta kadan kara kuzari amfani. Daga cikin ƙarara lura da gwaji amfani gami steels, high zuba jari. Bugu da kari, da catalytic dehydration na butane shafi yin amfani da wani gagarumin adadin raka'a, kamar yadda suke da low yawan aiki.

Production yadda ya dace shi ne low saboda wani ɓangare na dehydrogenation reactor da aka mayar da hankali a kan, da kuma na biyu, na dogara ne a kan su farfadowa. Bugu da kari, da drawback na wannan tsari sarkar da kuma la'akari da manyan yawan ma'aikata a wajajen ayuka. Yana dole ne a tuna da cewa da dauki endothermic, don haka da tsari ne da za'ayi a wani dagagge zafin jiki, a gaban wani inert abu.

Amma hadarin hatsarori bayyana a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki. Wannan shi ne yiwu idan like aka karya a cikin kayan aiki. The iska ya shiga cikin reactor, Forms wani fashewar cakuda a kan hadawa da hydrocarbons. Domin hana irin wannan halin da ake ciki, da sinadaran ma'auni ne canja da dama ta hanyar gabatar a cikin dauki cakuda tururi.

Option daya-mataki tsari

Alal misali, a cikin shakka daga kwayoyin sunadarai irin wannan aiki samarwa: Make butane dehydrogenation dauki lissafi. To jimre da irin wannan aiki, shi ya ishe su tuna da asali sinadaran Properties na aji na cikakken hydrocarbons hydrocarbons. Nazari fasali na butadiene da dehydrogenation na butane-mataki tsari.

Baturi butane dehydrogenation hada da dama mutum reactors, su yawan dogara a kan aikin sake zagayowar, kazalika da girma na sassan. Amma, baturi ne kunshe a cikin biyar zuwa takwas nukiliya.

Kan aiwatar da dehydrogenation da baya farfadowa ne 5-9 minti a cikin tururi kawar mataki daukan daga 5 zuwa 20 minutes.

Saboda dehydrogenation na butane ne da za'ayi a ci gaba da motsi Layer, da tsari ne barga. Wannan taimaka wajen inganta sarrafawa yi na samarwa, qara yawan aiki na reactor.

Single-mataki tsari kwashe dehydrogenation na n-butane a low matsa lamba (har zuwa 0,72 MPa) a zazzabi fi da cewa amfani da samar gudanar a alyumohromovom kara kuzari.

Tun da fasahar shafi yin amfani da wani reactor na regenerative type, mulki fitar da yin amfani da tururi. Bugu da kari ga butadiene butenes aka samar a cikin cakuda, suna sake allura a cikin dauki cakuda.

Mataki daya da aka lasafta ta yin amfani da rabo daga butanes, suna a cikin contact gas, daya daga cikinsu ɗora Kwatancen a cikin reactor.

Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan hanya na dehydrogenation na butane rubutu Sauki flowsheet samar, ragewan da aikace-aikace rates na raw kayan, da rage wutar lantarki kudi ga dauke da fitar da tsari.

Korau sigogi na wannan fasahar ake wakilta short lokaci na lamba na reactants. Don gyara wannan matsala na bukatar wani hadadden kayan aiki. Ko shan la'akari da irin wannan matsaloli, daya mataki butane dehydrogenation tsari ne mafi m fiye da biyu-mataki samar.

Lokacin da dehydrogenation na butane daya sake zagayowar auku feedstock dumama zuwa da zazzabi na 620 digiri. A cakuda da aka aiko zuwa ga reactor, shi ne da za'ayi a tsaye lamba tare da mai kara kuzari.

Don ƙirƙirar korau matsa lamba a cikin reactors, amfani da injin compressors. Saduwa da gas zuwa daga reactor for sanyaya, to, shi ne ya aiko zuwa ga rabuwa. Bayan kammala dehydrogenation feed sake zagayowar yana daukar kwayar cutar a cikin wadannan reactors kuma daga abin da yawa sun shũɗe a tsarin sunadarai, an cire ta busa hydrocarbon vapors. Products ana kwashe, da kuma reactors aka yi amfani sake ga dehydrogenation na butane.

ƙarshe

Ainihin dauki butane dehydrogenation na al'ada tsari ne catalytic for hydrogen cakuda da butenes. Bugu da kari ga babban tsari, ƙila a sami wata jam'i na gefe, wanda muhimmanci wahalad da aiki sarkar. A samfurin, wanda aka samu da dehydrogenation, yana dauke da wani muhimmanci da sinadaran raw kayan. Wannan da bukatar samar da shi ne babban dalilin da search for sabon fasaha sarƙoƙi na hydrocarbon hira da iyaka da dama su alkenes.