Mene ne potassium electron sanyi

Ta yaya lantarki sanyi na potassium? Domin amsa wannan tambaya, la'akari da tsarin da zarra da electron rarraba dokoki a kan matakan da sublevels.

jimla makanikai

Lantarki potassium sanyi bayyana Schrödinger lissafi. Yana haɗu da m makamashi na hulda da tsakiya da kuma electrons da girma na tunkuxe tsakanin barbashi da ciwon guda cajin. Jimla makanikai yana amfani da wannan lissafi postulates bayanin gaban kowane daga cikin makamashi matakin daga wani makamashi ajiye.

da yawa-electron atoms

Lantarki potassium sanyi aka rubuta tare da Pauli wariya manufa. Ganin halaye na kalaman yanayin electrons, shi ne a zaci cewa kowane korau barbashi aka located a kan "orbital", Ina nufin yana da wani sarari zama. Game da Multi-electron kwayoyin halitta, da suka hada da potassium, a kan kowane orbital ba za a iya located fiye da biyu electrons. A sakamakon an kasaftawa hudu jimla lambobin characterizing jihar na electron a dauke lokaci tazara.

Aufbau manufa

Lantarki potassium sanyi da aka sanya a kan tushen da dokokin samu Klechkovskaya. Bari mu yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki. Dangane da abin da orbital electrons aka shirya, suna da wani ajiye da makamashi. Da farko akwai rarraba barbashi da ciwon da karami da samar da lantarki.

A matsayin farko electron makamashi halayyar domin hidima da babba jimla lambar, m ga lokacin da lambar.

The yawa-electron zarra janye auku ba kawai zuwa da zuciyar electrons, amma kuma a tunkuxe tsakanin su. By kara jimlar juya barbashi rage-rage makamashi na electron harsashi, qara yawan electrons da ciwon guda fuskantarwa da nasu lokacin motsi. Irin wannan dogaro a jimla sunadarai aka kira Hund ta mulki.

Bisa ga wadannan biyu dokokin harhada lantarki sanyi da potassium zarra. Atomic a jere sa shi yiwuwa domin sanin ƙasa jihar na electrons, wato, don gano wadanda barbashi cewa da kadan makamashi reserves.

Jigon gina lantarki dabara domin Multi-electron zarra na potassium ne quite sauki: wani lantarki tsarin dole ne a mafi ƙarancin makamashi dace da Pauli wariya manufa.

Misalai na electron rarraba da makamashi matakan

Kafin la'akari da abin da na'urar sanyi na potassium ion ne mai sauki misali. A hydrogen zarra na core qunshi daya tabbatacce proton. Around da zuciyar da aka juya su ta hanyar daya electron falaki. A ƙasa jihar na hydrogen dabara ne kamar haka: 1s. Ka yi la'akari da fasali na fuskantarwa na juya na wannan electron. A cewar Hund ta mulkin, shi ne codirectional da makaman nukiliya juya.

Domin helium ciwon biyu jerin lamba a tebur abubuwa a kan wani biyu electron orbitals audio. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da wani juya ½, shi yana da daban-daban shugabanci na juyawa.

A abubuwa na biyu makamashi matakin bayyana biyu bawo, kowane na da adana makamashi.

Potassium ne kashi na hudu lokaci, abubuwa na tsarin, don haka yana da hudu lantarki matakan, kowanne daga abin da ya ƙunshi daban-daban na sublevels.

A al'ada jihar na Alkali karfe zarra yana da wadannan sanyi: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Lantarki potassium ion sanyi shi ne daban-daban daga zarra. A cikin matsanancin ƙarfi matakin na karfe ne wanda valence electron. Tun da potassium farfado rage Properties, yayin da interactions da sauran kwayoyin halitta, ya aika wani valence electron ne tuba a cikin wani m ion (cation) da ciwon da wadannan lantarki sanyi: 1s22s22p63s23p64s0.

ƙarshe

Ga kowane sinadari, aka located a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur iya ƙirƙirar lantarki jeri, m Hund ta mulki, da Pauli wariya manufa, da kuma Klechkovskii siffantawa. Bugu da kari ga lantarki jeri na kwayoyin halitta a cikin inorganic sunadarai da dokoki dabara cations da anions sakamakon daga sinadaran interactions.