Wanene ne alƙalai? Bai dāce da Nobel Prize nasara

Yawancin lokaci, a lokacin da wani mutum ya zama na lashe kyautar Nobel, shi cancanci regalia, ya tabbatar da cewa ya - da cikakkar sana'a a gonarsa. Amma wani lokacin mutane samun shi, da kuma lokacin da ya tabbatar da cewa ba su cancanci cewa.

1949 Egas Moniz, magani

Lokacin da ka ƙirƙira daya daga cikin mafi m daga m hanyoyin a cikin tarihi na magani, yana da wuya a tabbatar da albashin na su. Amma duk da haka, a shekarar 1949, da Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz aka bayar da Nobel Prize for Medicine for bisa ƙirƙira lobotomy.

Doctor ya fadi na sukar rami a kwanyar da haƙuri, dauke da makamai dogon allura, da ake kira leukoma, da kuma katse daga frontal lobe daga cikin kwakwalwa kamar waya snapped. Wannan magudi ya zama m, da kuma shekaru goma sha huɗu daga baya, Moniz samu lambar yabo ta.

Kamar yadda aka sani, lobotomy mallaka wani warkewa sakamako, kuma haka ma, shi ne m.

1973 Genri Kissindzher, Duniya

Domin da yawa, tsohon sakataren harkokin Genri Kissindzher yana da wani dangane da duniya. Mutane da yawa la'akari da shi a yaki laifi, wanda ya shirya da yawa m hare-hare a lokacin da Vietnam War. A cikin littafin, marubucin Christopher Hitchens, "A gwajin Genri Kissindzhera" gano da ra'ayin cewa wannan mutumin da ya kamata a kama "ga laifuffukan yaki, cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma keta dokar kasa da kasa, ciki har da hadin kai ga aikata kisan kai, sace da kuma azabtarwa."

Bukatar misalai? Kissinger ya majagaba a cikin m harin bom na Cambodia, wanda ya yi sanadiyar rayukan mutane marasa laifi. Wannan ya taimaka Chilean Janar Augusto Pinochet ya hallaka dubban adawa.

Amma duk da haka Kissinger ya lashe kyautar Nobel, kamar yadda aka aiki a kan a tsagaita wuta a lokacin da Vietnam War, wanda ya lashe a watan Janairu 1973. The yaki bai kare har shekarar 1975. Kissinger shawarce a tsagaita wuta da kuma tare da shi, shirya hare-hare da kuma hare a babban birnin kasar na Vietnam, Hanoi. Za ka yarda da cewa ya ji wani dissonance.

1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen, kimiyyar lissafi

The Nobel Prize a Physics yawanci yana nufin cewa da lashe ya ko ta yaya canza da kwana na duniya bil'adama. Nils Gustaf Dalen aka bayar ga qananan inganta a lighthouses.

A 1912, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira rãnã bawul Solventil, wanda kayyade adadin gaseous haske a cikin hasumiya mai fitila. Tare da shi rufe da hasumiya mai fitila a lõkacin hũdõwar rãnã, kuma ya jũya a kan ta atomatik a dare. Hakika, da tattali amfani da makamashi da kuma albarkatun ne ko da yaushe maraba, amma shi ne wuya ƙiren ƙarya ya cancanci irin wannan lambar yabo.

The asali ra'ayin da kwamitin ya zuwa mika kyauta ga Thomas Edison da Nikola Tesla. Matsalar shi ne cewa yabon ne a tsakiyar kudi jayayya, da kuma Tesla ƙi su shiga a cikin gasar. Maimakon bada shi ga daya ko wasu, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar sãka wa Guy wanda ƙirƙira mai kyau rai ga tsohon hasumiya mai fitila.

1994 Yasser Arafat, da zaman lafiya

Yasser Arafat ne 'yan ta'adda ko mayaƙin' yanci, to babban har ya dogara da gefen ka yi a kan shawarwari tsakanin Falasdinu da Isra'ila. A cikin wani hali, yana da wuya a yi musu da cewa Nobel Prize for Arafat, ya samu a shekarar 1994 domin ya sadaukar da zaman lafiya a Gabas ta Tsakiya, shi ya dubi kasa da ban sha'awa a kan backdrop na biyu shekarun da suka gabata na jayayya a gabas ta tsakiya.

A shekarar 1993, Arafat, tare da Prime ministan Isra'ila Yitzhak Rabin da kuma ministan harkokin wajen kasar Shimon Peres ya ɓullo da lõkacin fatara daga cikin aikin, alama m Israeli-Palasdinawa yaki. All uku samu wani rabo a cikin Nobel Peace Prize da wadannan shekara.

Duk da haka, kusan nan da nan akwai wani m aukuwa: a lokacin awards bikin, wani Israeli soja wanda aka sace da dakarun Musulunci, aka harbe a lokacin wani Israeli aikin ceto.

1997 Dario fo, Wallafe-wallafe

Kila, wannan lokaci da kwamitin so ka mamaki kowa da kowa. Na dogon lokaci, na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma comic Italiya Pho ya Popular.

Don Quote daya wallafe-wallafen zargi, ya aka gani a matsayin "sauki ... brilliantly talented wawa." Amma me ya sa aka ya ci?

A cewar fo sirri publicist, Michael Earley, watakila saboda ya zama kamar ma unpredictable. Early ya bayar da hujjar cewa, kwamitin bai zabe Rushdie, ko na Miller, domin shi ne "kuma ake iya faɗi, kuma m."

1958 Joshuwa Lederberg, magani

Esther Lederberg ne mai ban mamaki microbiologist, amma shi ba shi da Nobel Prize. Kuma mijinta, Joshua, ya lashe wannan lambar yabo, ko da yake sanya kimiyya ne da yawa kasa. Duk da haka, shi ne a shekarar 1958, da kuma Esta wata mace ce. Saboda haka, ya sami notoriety, kuma shi ya zauna a cikin wasu inuwõyi.

A shekarar 1958, Esther da Joshuwa Lederberg yi aiki a Jami'ar Wisconsin, inda ta sanya da yawa manyan likita cimma gaci. Da farko, ta samu wata kwayan cutar phosphate e-coli, wanda paved hanya domin nazarin wasu, mafi hadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta. Sai ta da kuma mijinta ɓullo da wani Hanyar kira kwafi, inda kwayoyin aka koma daga farantin karfe a kan farantin, da nuna maye gurbi kamar juriyar. Wannan ikon rushe da rai sake zagayowar daga cikin kwayoyin da aka bayar da muhimmanci ga ci gaban da sababbin dabaru don kwayoyin magani.

Joshuwa Lederberg cancanci kyautar Nobel? Zai yiwu, amma matarsa ta wajaba shi more. Amma wani abu ya faru da cewa ya faru, kamar yadda mace tashi sama ya zamanin.

2009 Barack Obama, duniya

A shekarar 2008, Obama ya canja da Sanata ga post na shugaban kasar na Amurka. Watanni tara daga baya, da Nobel kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa ya yi isa ya yi la'akari da mashirya na duniya, duk da cewa ya aiko da 30,000 sojoji zuwa Afghanistan.

Bisa ga kwamitin, ya aka sãka "fitattun kokarin karfafa kasa da kasa diflomasiyyar da hadin gwiwa tsakanin mutane." Ya kamata a lura cewa mariƙin na babbar kyauta yake a kai na Amurka ofishin kasa da shekara guda.

1974 Harry Martinson, adabi

A 1974, da mawãƙi kuma marubuci Harry Martinson karbi Nobel Prize a Wallafe-wallafe. Yana zai zama dole a lura da cewa ya karbi shi ta hanyar da ya kwana a cikin daidai kasar da kuma dangantakar abokantaka tare da dama mutane.

Kamar yadda masu sukar, Martinson shi ne mafi m da asali mawãƙi na zamaninsa. Da farko, ya aka bambanta da matsananci sahihancin ta harshe. Amma matsalar shi ne, a waje na ƙasarsa ta Sweden game da shi, 'yan sun ji.

Good dalili, da wanda ya yiwuwa cancanci lada ne cewa ya samu 'yancin kada kuri'a. Eh, a cikin shekara ta 1949, bayan buga littafinsa "The Road", Martinson aka zabe ta a kwamitin. Yana da wuya a ce ko da murya taka muhimmanci a awarding shi, amma gaskiyar da ya rage.

1992 Rigoberta Menchu, duniya

A duban farko, Rigoberta Menchú alama wani manufa ga takarar Nobel Peace Prize. Ta lashe shi a shekarar 1992 "a cikin fitarwa na ta aikin for tabbatar da adalci da kuma fadace-al'adu sulhu dangane da mutunta hakkin 'yan asalin mutane." Ta littafi, da aka buga a 1983, ja hankalin na duniya al'umma. Yana Kare hakkin India manoman yaƙi da zalunci na {asar Guatemala.

Amma me ya sa kare hakkokin bai cancanci kyautar?

A New York Times labaru David Stoll, wanda ya ziyarci Quiché (Guatemala), akwai wani sosai daban-daban ra'ayi game da halin da ake ciki a yankin. A fili, da m bincike Stoll, fenti mai hoto, wanda Nobel kwamitin bai so su ji. Menchú da yaƙin sojoji suna a matsayin m kamar yadda na {asar Guatemala sojoji, amma ta lashe kyauta na duniya, gabatar da gefen kamar marabtar.

2016 Bob Dylan, adabi

Babu shakka, Bob Dylan - mai girma mawaki, kuma da shayari ne daya daga cikin mafi musamman a tarihin music. Duk da haka, Nobel kwamitin bayar da lambar yabo ga Dylan a shekara ta 2016 domin adabi, ya sa wani flurry na izgili.

Dylan kansa, wanda kusan bai yarda da lambar yabo a cikin 'yan watanni bayan nasarar, ya ƙi furta jawabin nasa da kusan har da sosai karshe na biyu.

A daya daga cikin mafi asali sassa na jawabin nasa, ya ambaci cewa, "songs bambanta daga adabi: suna nufi da za a sung, ba don karanta." Dylan daga baya yarda cewa ya da cikakken ma'ana a matsayin babban art, da Nobel Prize for shi.