Mene ne natriuretic peptides?

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin 'yan baya, ban da bayyane ayyuka zuciya aikin rawar da endocrine sashin jiki. Yana taso sha'awa ba kawai daga theorists na magani, amma kuma daga likitoci. Natriuretic peptides (NUP) alama ba kawai a cikin myocardium, amma kuma a da dama sauran kayan ciki, a baya ragu endocrine ayyuka. Aka sanya a gama yanke shawarar amfani gwada yawa Manuniya NFA a cikin jini ga Hasashen na cardiac pathologies, kamar yadda wannan hanya shi ne kalla masu cin zali da kuma sauki ga mãsu haƙuri.

A samu na endocrine aiki na zuciya

Natriuretic peptides da aka gano a cikin eighties na karshe karni, a lokacin da masana kimiyya ya ga alaka tsakanin tashin hankali na zuciya da bẽnãye da tsanani da mugunya fitsari. A samu a farko yana zaton reflex sabon abu da kuma ba shi da ma'ana.

Daga baya, a lokacin da nazarin wannan tambaya zo daga pathologists da histology, sun gano cewa, a cikin sel da nama, wani ɓangare na atrium, akwai inclusions dauke da sunadarai na gina jiki da kansu. An gwaje tabbatar da cewa tsantsa daga atria na berayen samar da wani karfi diuretic sakamako. Sa'an nan ya yi nasara a isolating da peptide da jerin amino acid sharan cewa dokoki da shi.

Wani lokaci daga baya, biochemists sun gano mai gina jiki a cikin uku daban aka gyara (alpha, beta da gamma), daban-daban ba kawai a cikin sinadaran tsarin, amma kuma yana da sakamako na alpha ya da karfi fiye da sauran biyu. A halin yanzu bambanta:

- atrial NUP (irin A);
- cerebral NUP (irin B).
- urodilatin (irin C).

Biochemistry natriuretic peptide

All natriuretic peptides ne irin wannan a cikin tsarin da ya bambanta kawai a karshen nitrogenous radicals ko tsari na carbon atoms. Yau, duk da hankali ne mayar da hankali a kan chemists NUP irin B, kamar yadda yana da mafi barga fom in jini jini, kuma ma ba ka damar samun mafi m sakamakon. Atrial NFA taka rawar da daya daga cikin correctors na ruwa da kuma electrolyte balance na jiki. An samar a cikin myocardium a duka al'ada da kuma a kullum zuciya maye.

An tabbatar da cewa a precursor na kwakwalwa NUP kunshi 108 amino acid sharan an hada da sel da hagu ventricle. Lokacin da kwayoyin otshnurovyvaetsya daga cytoplasm, da enzyme furin yi a kan shi, abin da ya sa wannan gina jiki a cikin aiki form (32 amino acid na 108). NUP kwakwalwa ta wanzu a cikin jini na kawai minti 40, sa'an nan bazu. Kara gina jiki kira hade tare da karin na ramin zuciya bango tashin hankali da kuma cardiac ischemia.

Tukar tumbi UNYP daga jini da aka yi a manyan hanyoyi biyu:

- tsakiyan nonon na lysosomal enzymes.
- proteolysis.

A rawar da haddasa aka janye sakamako a kan tsaka tsaki endopeptidase kwayoyin, amma duka biyu da hanyoyin taimakawa wajen kawar da natriuretic peptides.

tsoka mai amsa sigina tsarin

All effects na natriuretic peptides ake yi saboda hulda da su rabe dake a cikin kwakwalwa, jini da tsoka da kashi da nama adipose. Daidai iri uku NFA da akwai iri uku rabe - A, B da kuma C. Duk da haka, da rarraba "aikinsu" ba haka a bayyane yake:

- irin A rabe hulɗa tare da atrial da kwakwalwa NUP.
- The irin reacts kawai urodilatin.
- rabe iya daura to duk iri uku kwayoyin.

Rabe akwai fundamentally daban-daban daga juna. A da B iri an tsara su don aiwatar da kwayuka effects na natriuretic peptide rabe da kuma irin C ake bukata domin biodegradation na gina jiki. Akwai jita-jitar cewa daukan hotuna na cerebral UNYP za'ayi ba kawai ta hanyar da irin A tsoka mai amsa sigina, amma kuma tare da sauran gabansa rabo wanda suke m zuwa adadin cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

A mafi girma yawan irin C rabe samu a kwakwalwa nama, adrenal gland, kodan, da kwanoni. Lokacin da UNYP kwayoyin ta ɗaure da tsoka mai amsa sigina na irin C, shi ne tunawa da cell da aka cleaved da free tsoka mai amsa sigina da aka koma zuwa ga membrane.

Physiology natriuretic peptide

Brain da atrial natriuretic peptides motsa jiki su effects ta hanyar tsarin hadaddun physiological martani. Amma duk suka ƙarshe kai ga wannan manufa - rage preload a kan zuciya. NUP rinjayar da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, endocrine, excretory da kuma tsakiya m tsarin.

Tun da wadannan kwayoyin da wani dangantaka for daban-daban rabe, da haskaka, sakamakon wasu iri NFA a kan wani musamman tsarin, shi ne wuya. Bugu da ƙari, peptide sakamako dogara ba kawai a kan ta type, amma a kan wuri gabansa tsoka mai amsa sigina.

Atrial natriuretic peptide tana nufin vasoactive peptides, Ina nufin wani kai tsaye sakamako a kan jijiyoyin bugun gini diamita. Amma baya ga cewa shi ne iya ta da samar da nitric oxide da kuma inganta vasodilation. NUP A da B da wannan irin da shugabanci na karfi mataki a kan duk iri kayayyakinsa, da P-type sun fi mayar yana faɗaɗa kawai jijiyoyinmu.

Kwanan nan an nuna cewa NFA ya kamata a sani ba kawai a matsayin vasodilator, amma da farko kamar yadda wani antagonist na vasoconstrictor. Bugu da kari, akwai nazarin cewa nuna cewa natriuretic peptides tasiri da rarraba ruwa a kuma daga cikin capillary cibiyar sadarwa.

Koda effects na natriuretic peptide

Game da natriuretic peptide za a iya ce cewa yana da wani stimulant diuresis. Da farko NUP irin A qara koda jini ya kwarara da kuma ƙara matsa lamba a cikin tasoshin da glomeruli. Wannan, bi da bi, qara glomerular tacewa. A lokaci guda NUP irin C qara tukar tumbi da sodium ions, kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa karin asarar ruwa.

Tare da wannan duka da wani gagarumin canji a cikin tsarin matsa lamba da aka ba a lura, ko da idan peptide matakin ya karu sau da yawa. Duk malaman yarda cewa sakamakon cewa natriuretic peptides exert a kan kodan, suna bukata domin gyaran ruwa da kuma electrolyte balance a kullum pathologies na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

Gurbin kan CNS

Brain natriuretic peptide kamar yadda atrial, ba zai iya shiga cikin jini-kwakwalwa shãmaki. Saboda haka, da suka shafi cikin juyayi tsarin Tsarin located waje da shi. Amma yayin da wasu daga cikin NFA ne secreted da kwakwalwa membranes da kuma ta sauran shafukan.

A tsakiyar effects na natriuretic peptides karya a kan gaskiyar cewa sun ƙarfafa data kasance gefe canje-canje. Saboda haka, misali, tare da wata raguwa a cardiac preload jiki da rage-rage ta bukatar ruwa da kuma ma'adinai salts, da kuma kuma canza sautin na autonomic juyayi tsarin a cikin shugabanci na parasympathetic part.

awon alamomi

A ra'ayin na shan natriuretic peptide bincike a lokacin da cuta daga cikin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin asali ne a farkon 90-ies karni na karshe. A shekaru goma daga baya, na farko wallafe da sakamakon bincike a cikin wannan yanki. An bayar da rahoton cewa B-type NPU m lokacin da kimantawa da tsananin zuciya da kuma gazawar tsinkaya cuta ci gaban.

Protein abun ciki da aka ƙaddara a venous dukan jini, gauraye da EDTA, ko ta yin amfani da immunochemical analysis. Kullum UNYP matakin dole ba wuce 100 NG / ml. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne zai yiwu domin sanin matakin na precursor NFA via electrochemiluminescent Hanyar. Domestic magani, ba da ciwon da irin wannan dama da amfani da nasaba immunosorbent kima kamar yadda a duniya wajen domin kayyade adadin da wani abu a cikin jini magani.

Tabbatar da dalilin da cardiac tabarbarewa

Natriuretic peptide (na kullum - har zuwa 100 ng / ml) ne a halin yanzu mafi mashahuri, kuma mafi zamani alama don kayyade cardiac tsoka tabarbarewa. A farko karatu na peptides aka nasaba da matsaloli na bambantawa na kullum Sistem gazawar da kuma na kullum obstructive na huhu cuta. Tun lokacin da na asibiti cututtuka sun kama, da gwajin taimaka wajen gano dalilin ailments da kuma hango ko hasashen da kara ci gaba da cutar.

Na biyu Pathology, wanda ya halartar karatu daga wannan hangen zaman gaba, shi ne ischemic cututtukan zuciya. A mawallafa na nazarin yarda cewa definition na NFA matakin taimaka wajen kafa kiyasta mace-mace ko komawa a wani haƙuri. Bugu da kari, da tsauri tracking NFA matakin ne alama na lura inganci.

A halin yanzu, da matakin na NFA aka ƙaddara a marasa lafiya tare da cardiomyopathy, hauhawar jini, stenosis manyan tasoshin da kuma sauran Sistem sakulasan cuta.

Amfani a cikin cardiac tiyata

Empirically, an yi wahayi da cewa matakin na atrial natriuretic peptide a cikin jini za a iya daukarsa a matsayin nuna alama na tsanani daga cikin yanayin da aiki na hagu ventricle a marasa lafiya kafin da kuma bayan cardiac tiyata.

A binciken da wannan sabon abu ya fara a shekara ta 1993, amma kawai ta kai grand sikelin a 2000s. An gano cewa wani kaifi dakushe yawan NUP a gefe jini, idan kafin ta matakin an ci gaba da kyautata, da shawara cewa aiki na myocardium an rage da kuma aiki ya ci nasara. Idan rage NFA bai faruwa, da mãsu haƙuri mutu tare da 100% yiwuwa. Dangantaka tsakanin shekaru, jima'i da kuma matakin da peptide da aka gano, sabili da haka, wannan adadi ne na kowa da kowa domin dukan nau'i-nau'i daga marasa lafiya.

Hangen nesa bayan tiyata

Kafin tiyata cardiac natriuretic peptide karu. Bayan duk, idan ta kasance in ba haka ba, to da bukatar magani ba a can. A babban matakin NFA marasa lafiya kafin magani ne ya fi karfinsu factor cewa ƙwarai musababin da hangen nesa bayan tiyata.

Tun lokacin da kungiyar zaba domin binciken da aka kananan, sakamakon da aka gauraye. A daya hannun, tabbatas da matakin na NFA kafin da kuma bayan tiyata damar likitoci hango ko hasashen wanda miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma kayan aiki da goyon bayan da za a bukata don kammala dawo da na zuciya na ta ayyuka. Har ila yau, an lura cewa, an kara adadin NUP irin B ne a precursor na atrial fibrillation a cikin postoperative zamani.