Mene ne mafi kyau Faransa tank? model Overview

Tank-gini a zamaninmu - daya daga cikin manyan trends a soja al'amura. Development of makamai ya kasance kullum shahara ga da yawa Turai iko, ciki har da Faransa. Wannan kasar yana daya daga cikin wadanda jihohin, wanda za a iya amince kidaya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na sulke sojojin. Saboda haka, cikakken nazari na Faransa tankuna za a za'ayi a wannan labarin, da bincike model da kuma ƙunshi tarihin su ci gaba.

prehistory

Kowa ya sani cewa da gina tankuna, kamar yadda irin wannan, ya fara a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Faransa ta biyu da kasar wanda ya soma da tankuna a fagen yaƙi.

A farko Faransa tank ya shirya a watan Satumba 1916. Its mahalicci ya Jean Etienne, wanda, tsananin magana, yana dauke da kafa uba na Faransa tank ci gaba. Wannan jami'in shi ne shugaban ma'aikatan na manyan bindigogi rajimanti. Ya san yadda za a canza halin da ake ciki a gaban, kuma domin da farko da tunani ta hanyar da nasara da makiya line na tsaro da aka yin amfani da sa ido motocin. Bayan haka, a cikin shagaltar da ƙasa, ya shirya ya kafa da kuma manyan bindigogi zuwa kashe maƙiyi juriya tun da wannan matsayi. Ga dole ne mu yi wani muhimmin ra'ayi: sulke da motocin, wanda muke kira tankuna daga Faransa a waɗannan kwanaki sun kira "farmaki manyan bindigogi tractors."

Fara na samarwa

The m umurnin Faransa, kamar mafi soja Mashãwarta daga wasu kasashen a lokacin, da ra'ayin tank yi dauki musamman m da kuma m. Duk da haka, Etienne ya m kuma na da goyon bayan Janar Joffe, don haka izinin da aka kãwo wa gina wani samfur. kamfanin "Renault" da ke cikin wadannan shekaru na aikin injiniya da shugaban. Wannan ta Etienne samarwa bude wani sabon zamanin sulke da motocin. Amma kamfanin ta gudanar da aka tilasta ki, ambatawa da cewa ba su da kwarewa da sa ido motocin.

A wannan batun, Faransa tank aka wakkala a gina kamfanin "Schneider", wanda shi ne mafi girma manufacturer na daban-daban da makamai da kuma yana da kwarewa na "Holt" a booking wani tarakta. A sakamakon haka, a farkon 1916 da kamfanin samu wani tsari don 400 tankuna, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin CA1 ( "Schneider").

Features na farko sulke da motocin

Tun da wani musamman tank ra'ayi da aka ba a sanya jama'a, a wannan batun, Faransa ya karbi biyu daban-daban embodiments tankuna, da abin da aka dogara ne a kan tsarin a matafila tarakta. Idan aka kwatanta da Turanci Faransa tank gashi motocin da ba caterpillars taqin da gidaje a kan kewaye. Suna located a tarnaƙi, kuma kai tsaye a kasa cikin firam. Shasi ya Zuriyar, wanda a yarda ta yi aiki da na'ura tare da wahala. Haka kuma, irin wannan zane tabbatar da ta'aziyya ga ma'aikatan jirgin. Duk da haka, gaba, na daga cikin mota jiki sun rataye a kan waƙoƙi, da kuma saboda wani a tsaye cikas zama rinjãya.

Tank Lui Reno

Bayan ya bayyana cewa tank gini - mai alamar shugabanci, Etienne jũya zuwa ga kamfanin "Renault". A wannan lokaci da jami'in ya iya m matsalar da manufacturer - don ƙirƙirar wani haske tanki da kananan silhouette da kuma kadan shigewa, wanda babban aiki ne, don tallafa wa dakaru a fama. "Renault FT" - A sakamakon Faransa haske tankuna aka halicce su.

wani sabon ƙarni na kayan aiki

Tank "Renault FT-17" An dauke da farko model na tanki, wanda an amfani da classic layout (engine daki located a baya, fama daki - a cibiyar, kuma rabuwar management - gaban), amma kuma yana da hasumiya da cewa zai iya juya 360 digiri.

The ƙungiya biyu - direba-makaniki da shugaban, wanda ya shiga tsakani a, don tare gun ko bindigogi.

Amfani da makamai da tankuna iya zama wani kayan aiki ko wata na'ura gun. "Igwa" bambance-bambancen envisaged shigarwa semiautomatic bindigogi "Gochkiss SA18" diamita na 37 mm. Shiriya gun ɗauke da musamman kafada sauran, barin yin wani a tsaye tip a cikin kewayon daga -20 zuwa +35 digiri.

Shasi tank aka bayar da goyon bayan da goyon bayan rollers, Ya shiryar ƙafafun, waƙa da tensioning dunƙule inji, wanda, bi da bi, ya kasance krupnozvenchatymi da cogging.

A aft ɓangare na tanki da wani sashi, ta hanyar da na'ura da ya iya juji itatuwa diamita 0.25 mita, cin nasara da ramuka, kuma ramuka da nisa har zuwa 1.8 mita da kuma iya tsayayya da yi a wani kwana na 28 digiri. A m juya radius daga cikin tanki da aka 1,41 mita.

A karshen yakin duniya na farko

A wannan lokacin, Janar Etienne sanya wani ƙoƙari na haifar da m tanki sojojin, wanda ya kamata ya zama wani rabo tsakanin haske, matsakaici da kuma nauyi kayan aiki. Duk da haka, da janar ta jiki da wani ra'ayi, kuma, tun 1920, duka sassan kasance ƙarƙashin tank dakaru. A wannan batun, akwai wani rabo na sojan doki da dakaru tankuna.

Amma duk da haka da babbar sha'awa da kuma aiki na Etienne ba a banza - har sai 1923, kamfanin «FCM» Halicci goma-towered nauyi tankuna 2C. A nuna, godiya ga kamfanin "Timna", akwai Faransa reshe na tankuna M model, wadannan inji sun ban sha'awa a cewa suna amfani da lokaci guda kuma waƙoƙi da ƙafafun. irin engine za a iya canza dangane da kewaye yanayi.

Army motorization shirin

A shekarar 1931, Faransa ta fara biya musamman da hankali ga dabaran da bincike motocin. A wannan batun, kamfanin "Renault" ya gabatar da latest da lokaci na haske AMR tanki. Wannan inji hasumiyar da jiki suna da alaka da juna ta hanyar wani kusurwa da kuma firam rivets. Metal zanen gado da aka kafa ta a m kwana na son. Hasumiyar da aka canja zuwa ga gefen hagu, da kuma engine - to dama. The ƙungiya kunshi mutane biyu da aka jera. Standard makamai sun biyu bindigogi - Reibel zamo 7.5 mm kuma krupokaliberny Hotchkiss (13,2 mm).

Unconventional sulke mota

Matsakaicin ci gaban Faransa tankuna sun kasance a cikin tsawon 1936-1940 shekaru. Wannan shi ne saboda da Yunƙurin ya da soja barazanar da dakarun Faransa suka Masani.

Daya daga cikin tankuna, wanda ya shiga sabis a 1934, ya B1. Its aiki ya nuna cewa shi yana da muhimmanci drawbacks: bai dace shigarwa na makamai a cikin harka, da babban mataki na shigewa na shasi, da m rarraba ayyuka tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin. Yi ya nuna cewa a gaskiya da direba ya jefa iko da na'ura da kuma zuwa ga gudanar da wani da wadata na ammonium. Wannan ya kai ga cewa a sakamakon tanki zama da keken manufa.

Bugu da kari, musamman damuwa ne da yadda da na'ura makamai. Faransa nauyi tankuna, kazalika da da takwarorinsu da sauran wurare a cikin duniya, da musamman bukatun ga su kariya. B1 ba su bi.

Kuma a karshe, mafi muhimmanci - B1 ya ma tsada a yi, aiki da kuma goyon baya. Na m halaye na inji shi ya kamata a lura da babban gudun da kyau handling.

ingantattun model

Idan akai la'akari da Faransa nauyi tankuna, ya kamata ka shakka kula da na'ura B-1 bis. The nauyi na tanki ya 32 ton, da yawa daga cikin sulke Layer ya 60 mm. Wannan damar da ma'aikatan jirgin su ji kanta zvschischennym daga Jamus bindigogi fãce antiaircraft gun Flak 36 zamo 88 mm. An kuma karfafa makamai.

By kanta, wani sulke mota aka fita daga simintin sassa. Hasumiyar kuma sanya da simintin da gidaje da aka saka daga dama sulke sassan juna da kusoshi.

Exclusive sabon abu za a iya daukan gaban tank na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mai kara amfani, kyale a gudanar da wani Multi-ton colossus ba tare da wata matsala.

Kamar yadda makamai amfani da CA-35 75 mm zamo igwa, wanda aka located a hannun dama na direba. Kwana na tadawa na 25 darajõji, kuma karkatar - 15. A kwance gun yana da wani m kam.

Har ila yau, akwai kasance a gun "Chatellerault" zamo 7.5 mm. Ya aka saka kawai a kasa da bindiga. Don wuta ta daga shi iya matsayin direba da tank kwamandan. A lokaci guda amfani da wutar lantarki jawo.

Shigar da tank iya zama ta hanyar wani sulke kofa a gefen dama, hatches, dake a cikin hasumiya da kuma a kan direba ta wurin, kazalika da biyu gaggawa entrances - daya aka located a kasa da kuma daya a kan saman engine daki.

Har ila yau, wannan Faransa tank aka sanye take da wani kai-sealing man fetur tankuna da directional gyro. Sarrafa mota ƙungiya a cikin yawan hudu. A rarrabe da na'ura za a iya daukan gaban wani gidan rediyo, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance a rarity.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II

Faransa tankuna na duniya na biyu da aka gabatar da wadannan inji:

• Hotchkiss H35 - inji, ci gaba da "Gochkiss". A ta undercarriage amfani shida rollers ga kowane gefe. Kusan dukkan sassa na tanki da aka jefa. Makamai da aka wakilta gun 37 mm. Armor da wani kauri daga 34 mm zuwa 45 mm, dangane da wuri.
• Renault R35 - tank da na gargajiya layout. Dukan inji aka kulle da kuma hairpin connection. Corps da aka jefa. Firepower aka bayar bindigogi da kuma inji bindigogi. A ikon shuka - da engine carbureted hudu-Silinda ikon 83 horsepower. Abin baƙin ciki, da tank ya kasance m. A wani jiki nauyi na 10 ton, ya iya kawai isa gudu daga 19 km / h, akwai sosai kadan goyon baya ga dakaru raka'a.
• Middle dakaru tank "Reno D-2 '- inji tare da mai kyau makamai kauri da kuma jinkirin gudun motsi. Tank gun da diamita na 47 mm na'ura gun - 7.5 mm. Turret juyawa da kuma gun aiwatar da hannu liba. A kowane gefen rollers 14 da aka yi amfani da.
• Somua S35 - tank tare da raya-saka powerplant. Engine - carburetor, takwas-Silinda, ruwa-sanyaya. Shasi aka Fitted da manual watsa. Don sarrafa na'ura amfani da biyu bambanci. A dakatar da aka gauraye rollers. jiki fasalin da aka gaban shida guda na makamai na kulle a. Kyakkyawan hasumiya ya m. Yana tabbatar da igwa da kuma na'ura gun. A kauri daga cikin frontal makamai daidai to 36 mm, bangarorin - 41 mm, da frontal makamai hasumiya - 56 mm. A drawbacks iya kawai a ranked low gudu daga cikin tanki, musamman a kan m ƙasa.

kwanaki bayan da yaki

Soma a shekarar 1946, cikin tanki-gini shirin ya haddasa abin da ya fara da za a samar da mafi kyau Faransa tankuna.

A shekarar 1951 zo da wani haske tank AMX-13 daga cikin na'ura mai. Its alama ne halin oscillating turret.

Battle Tank AMX-30 ya fara da za a bayar a 1980. Its tsari yana da classic makirci. Driver cikinta zubar a gefen hagu. Sojan igwa da kuma tank kwamandan located a cikin yãƙi daki a gefen dama na gun, caji guda jirgin saman soja zaune a kan dama. The girma na man fetur tankuna ne 960 lita. Ammonium ya 47 Shots.

Tank AMX-32 yana wani taro na 40 ton. Kamar yadda protrudes gun makamai 120 mm, 20 mm gun M693 na'ura gun da 7,62 mm. Ammonium - 38 akai-akai. By hanya tank ne iya gudu na 65 km / h. makamai karfafawa tsarin offline. A gaban wani dijital ballistic kwamfuta, Laser rangefinder. Don aiki a dare da ake amfani guda biyu tare da gun kamara "Thomson S5R". Zagaye ganuwa za a iya yi tare da takwas periscopes. Har ila yau, cikin tanki da aka sanye take da wani wuta danniya tsarin da kuma kwandishan, kafa don ƙirƙirar hayaki fuska.

A fitarwa version

Idan sama model Faransa tankuna kunshi France dauke da makamai, tank AMX-40 da aka samar na musamman domin fitarwa. wuta shiriya da kula da tsarin bayar da 90% damar bugawa da manufa, wanda zai iya haka a located a nesa na 2000 mita. Saboda haka, daga lokacin da ganewa zuwa ga halaka manufa wuce kawai 8 seconds. The mota mota - dizal, 12-Silinda, turbocharged engine. Yake da alaka da na atomatik watsa 7P, wanda ba ka damar ci gaba da damar 1300 l. wani., amma daga baya da Jamusanci watsa aka maye gurbinsu da Faransa m. A kan babbar hanya tank yana da top gudun 70 km / h.

da zamani zamanin

Don kwanan wata, mafi sabon Faransa tank - AMX-56 "Leclerc". Its serial samar aka kaddamar da baya a shekarar 1991.

Tank halin da babban mataki na jikewa na lantarki, jimlar darajar wanda shi ne daidai da rabin farashin dukan na'ura. A layout na tanki - wani classic. Babban makamai sanya shi a cikin hasumiyar.

Armor inji - Multi-Layer kuma sanye take da gaskets sanya daga yumbu kayan. A gaban wani ɓangare daga cikin gidaje na da ire zane da ta sa shi sauki canza lalace sassa.

A tank kuma sanye take da wani tsarin da ya kare da ƙungiya daga makaman kare dangi da kuma gargadi game da Laser sakawa a iska mai guba tsarin.

The fama engine daki, kuma yana da sauri-wuta extinguishing tsarin. Babu matsala za a iya shirya kai da hayaki allo a nesa daga sama zuwa 55 mita.

Babban tank gun ne a gun SM-120-26 120 mm. Bugu da kari, gaban biyu daban-daban zamo bindigogi. Fada Machine nauyi - 54,5 tons.