MANPADS "Strela": Bayani dalla-dalla (Photos)

Kafa cikin "Strela-2" ya zama mutum na farko-šaukuwa iska tsaro da kuma tsarin dauka a cikin sabis a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da baya a 60s. A Indexing GRAU nadi ne 9K32 MANPADS. A Amurka da rarrabuwa da aka sani da SA-7 Grail.

"Strela-2": tarihin halittar

A shekarar 1962, a garin Kolomna, shi kaddamar da wani m soja aikin. Ya burin da aka haifar da wani iko percussive šaukuwa hadaddun iya bugawa iska da kuma ƙasa hari a takaice jeri. Manufa bayani da matsala a wannan lokaci shi ne MANPADS "Strela-2".

Duk da haka na farko fama baftisma shigarwa bai je, kazalika da sa ran. Mutane da yawa jirage bayan rauni tukuna kõma zuwa ga hadahada. A dalilin sa ne da cewa sam m ikon ya kasa ga tsanani lalacewa, musamman idan hit faru a cikin wutsiya sashe. A sakamakon haka, aka yanke shawarar zuwa yi batu kyautayuwa shigar. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1968, ya aka haife cikin "Strela-2m" (MANPADS codification 9K32M). Gyara yarda bugawa suke hari motsi a cikin iska a gudun har zuwa 950 km / h. Da gwaje-gwaje da aka samu nasarar kammala a Donguz gwajin site a shekarar 1970. Nan da nan bayan da MANPADS da aka soma, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru da fitarwa versions shiga cikin feat. Irfan hannun jari fiye da 60 ƙasashe.

ganawa

Wannan MANPADS ne mai matukar tasiri wajen tsaron gida biyu a kan Maris da kuma a cikin filin. Fir kafuwa ne iya bugawa jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma jiragen sama, ko da a musamman low altitudes. Daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga MANPADS "Strela-2" ne da in mun gwada haske nauyi da kuma kananan size, wanda damar da shi da za a iya hawa da mutum daya. Tare da wannan saitin za ka iya amfani da a irin wannan wurare kange matsayin fadama, gandun daji da kuma duwãtsu.

9K32 da ta gyara an yi nufinsu ne domin kāriyar mechanized dakaru battalions. Kariya da aka bayar da murfin daga cikin tawagar da karfi maki na low-tashi, maƙiyi hari, ciki har da cruise makamai masu linzami. An fara dako sanya a bin da abu zuwa ga iska ta gani ganewa maharbin. Volley yiwu daga tsaye, daga cikin wuriyar, tare da gwiwa daga motsi sulke da motocin.

Saboda su motsi da tasiri na MANPADS ya dade da aka dauke da wani babbar sirri dabara-yajin makamai na Soviet Army.

"Strela-2": abun da ke ciki

The asali da kuma modified saitin kunshi sassa uku na m sanyi: abin da ya ƙunsa da makamai masu linzami 9M32 jerin, da kunama da ikon wadata. MANPADS "Strela-2" An dauke da mafi m-sirri anti-aircraft makamai a duniya. A cikin 1.5 seconds bayan jawo auku roka jefa. Bayan 'yan seconds da dako da ya sãme manufa a nesa na 4 kilomita. A hali na wani kuskure cajin kai-destruct bayan 17 s bayan farkon. Kafa cikin "Strela-2m" - MANPADS tare da ingantattun yi a kãmun da halaka. Bayan da haɓaka matakai da aka sarrafa kansa, kuma gudu GOS dako. Wannan gudanar da zanga-jirgin sama Gunners kama hanzari motsi abu. An kuma an inganta selection na manufa ganewa a cikin halitta tsangwama. A zamani da aka sanya yiwu lalata abubuwa a kan wani karo Hakika. Bugu da kari, ya shafa yankin ya kara girman jiragen sama.

Babban ikon yinsa, daga cikin sabon shigarwa yana da zafi na GOS, wanda aka halin amo rigakafi. Godiya ga shi, MANPADS ne iya kama da burin ko da a cumulus girgije har zuwa maki 3. Duk da haka, da hadaddun har yanzu m ga kadan tarko jirgin sama.

Performance halaye

Limited kewayon manufa halaka 3,4 km, a lokacin da gyara tare da harafin "M" damar kai farmaki hari a jeri daga 800 zuwa 4200 m. Tare game da matsakaicin jirgin tsawo na dako, shi ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kewayon har zuwa 2300 m.

Free gudun dabam daga 430 zuwa 500 m / s. Kaye dalilai vdogon za'ayi a wani talakawan gudun 240 m / s, zuwa ga - 150 m / s. Roka wakilta irin 9M32 ko ta gyara. Zamo - 72 mm. harsashi tsawon - 1,44 mita da kuma weighs 9.5 kg. The nauyi na hadaddun ne game da 5 kg.

A shirye-shiryen da kaddamar da gwani anti-aircraft Gunners bukatar kawai 10 seconds.

"Strela-3": tarihi da kuma manufar

A sabon tsarin na Soviet MANPADS "Strela" da aka buga a cikin taro a tsakiyar 70s. Girkawar aka sani na da codification da rarrabuwa 9K34 USA - SA-14 Gremlin. Dalili na gyara wani sabon jerin 9M36 makami mai linzami, wanda aka sanye take da musamman infrared kama shugaban da kuma lokaci-modulated Ana dubawa da karkace mawadãta. Yana bayar da juriya ga halitta da kuma RFI.

MANPADS "Strela-3" daban-daban jirgin gudu da kuma gudun da makami mai linzami maneuverability. Har ila yau a cikin shakka daga zamanintar da GOS aka gabatar amo-hujja sanyaya tsarin. Wannan ne yanzu da burin na kãmun iya za'ayi ma a hadari weather. Wannan al'amari ya ci gaba da samar da tsarin yawa fitarwa umarni. 9K34 Development fara a farkon '70s, amma na dogon lokaci, da kafuwa bai wuce duk gwaje-gwaje. A May 1973, MANPADS karshe nuna su mafi kyau gefe, da kuma bayan 'yan watanni da shi ya soma.

A cikin marigayi 70s ya shiga cikin hadaddun fitarwa. MANPADS akai-akai a cikin manyan yawa tsĩrar da shi zuwa kasashe kamar Angola, Vietnam, El Salvador, Jordan, India, North Korea, Iraqi, Kyuba, Nicaragua, Syria, Peru, Libya, UAE, Afirka ta Kudu. A Turai, da shuka ne a kan ma'auni na Hungary, Gabas Jamus, Finland, {asar Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia. Kawai kasar wanin Tarayyar Soviet, wanda yana da lasisi ga makamai samar, ya Poland.

"Strela-3": abun da ke ciki

A kammala šaukuwa naúrar hada da: a jawo inji 9P58 jerin 9M36 makamai masu linzami, ƙasa interrogator 1RL247 m rediyo shugabanci manemin 9S13 da R-147.

Babban daukan hankali da karfi na MANPADS "Strela-3m" da kuma ainihin model ne 9M36 makami mai linzami. An sanya a kan "duck" makirci da kuma shi ne mai tarin hudu bonded compartments: motor, fama, da tuƙi kai. Control aka samu da juyawa da dako a gudun 20 rpm. / S domin mayar da uku-girma siginar da thermal haska GOS. Ya kamata a lura cewa da nata irin iko saman suna located in daya jirgin sama. Lokacin fara alkalami bayyana cakosoban, zuwan kashe daga cikin bututu nozzles. A lantarki kafuwa ne gidaje block, fis, wayar toshe connector, lamba kungiyar da kuma jawo. Niyya aka kwashe gyro da rediyo tashar sa'an nan tafiyar matakai da data manemin.

Performance halaye

A sabon tsarin da hadaddun suke da kama da na baya version kawai Manuniya na lokaci shirya don volley da kuma kai-halaka, kazalika da 72th zamo. Ga sauran, a na uku na MANPADS "Strela" halaye fi kyau. Makami mai linzami tsawon aka rage wa 1.25 mita da kuma wani nauyi na 10 kg. A daya hannun, da taro na hadaddun ya karu saboda sabon gyara da kuma ya fiye 6 kg.

"Kibiya 3" da yake iya bugawa abubuwa a nesa na 500 zuwa 4500 mita. Yiwu a tsaye jirgin tsawo dabam har zuwa 3 km. vdogon cajin jirgin gudun ne 310 m / s, don ya tarye burin - 230 m / s. Tare da sabon ingantattun model na antiaircraft ko samu damar buga da jirgin sama aji "jirgin saman soja." Yiwuwar lalata irin wannan hari da makami mai linzami daya kiyasta a 33%.

"Strela-10": ganawa

Wannan kafuwa ne a mobile iska tsaro makami mai linzami tsarin 9K35 codification. A takardun ake magana a kai a matsayin NATO SA-13 Gopher. 9K35 model aka tsara don gane da kuma neutralize iska hari a low altitudes. Dalili na da tasiri na hadaddun faduwa "Arrow-3 '. Kamar yadda a farkon shekara ta 1969, kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU , an yanke shawarar zuwa ƙirƙirar mobile crawler kafuwa a layi daya da farko MANPADS. "Strela-10", da halaye da cewa yin shi ya fi mobile da Multi-aikin fama tushe na Tarayyar Soviet, babu matsaloli da aka gwada da kuma jimawa kumbura arsenal na Soviet Army.

A tasiri na hadaddun sanya 9M37 makamai masu linzami, da iya aiki a 2 tashar yanayin shiriya.

Kafa cikin "Strela-10" An yi nasarar amfani da ayyukan a Angola da kuma Gulf.