Mene ne MAC? Iyakar halatta taro na cutarwa abubuwa a cikin iska

MPC pollutants - halatta darajar da gurbata sinadaran mahadi kunshe ne a cikin ƙasa, ruwa ko iska da cewa ba ya shafar - barnatar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice - a kan rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A dabi'u a cikin dace raka'a aka ƙaddara da toxicological karatu.

Halaye na MPC matsayin mita

Mene ne MAC a muhalli tsari? Wannan shi ne babban nuna alama na masana'antu da lafiyar qasa, wanda Ya shiryar da dukkan masana'antu Enterprises. MAC dabi'u na abubuwa samu da kuma rarraba ta da irin sinadaran tsarin da toxicological effects a kan rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Kafa jihar matsayin, yarda da abin da yake m.

Dangane da yanayi, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa, auna a MPC:

• MG / DM ³ - aunawa a cikin hydrosphere.
• MG / m ³ - da ji a cikin yanayi da kuma iska na aiki sarari;
• MG / kg - domin sanin index a cikin ƙasa.

Lokacin da Fading iyaka dabi'u la'akari da detrimental sakamako ba kawai a kan mutane, amma har ga dukkan halittu a general. Kullum yarda iya ajiye dukan al'ummar yanayin kasa, ba mutum jinsunan Fauna da Flora.

rarrabuwa

MPC da abubuwa masu cutarwa, dangane da mataki na tasiri a kan halittu kasu kashi 4 Hazard Categories:

1. Ina aji - shi ne hadarin gaske musamman.
2. Class II - matukar hatsari.
3. III aji - m.
4. IV aji - moderately m.

Dangane da na'urorin haɗi pollutant hadarin kungiyoyin, ta sauya MAC da wurin zama lokaci a cikin yanayi na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a gaban sinadaran mahadi.

irin MPC

Dangane da sharudda ga muhalli kima janye dama MPC dabi'u.

Don ware masana'antu zones:

• MPCwa - ake amfani da su tantance da kiwon lafiya yanayin da yanayi na aiki yanki. The aiki yanki - a sarari a cikin abin da ma'aikata ne a wani aiki, hada da 2 mita sama da dandamali. A coefficient nuna adadin pollutants a cikin iska, ba ya haifar da wani munanan a mutum kiwon lafiya ga dama da suka gabata.
• PDKp.p. - tsaye a waje a masana'antu shuke-shuke ko a kan wani raba shafin. Yawanci, kamar yadda darajar shan da darajar 0.3 MPCwa

Domin birane, akwai wasu matsayin muhalli na yanayi yanayi, wanda aka ƙaddara da wadannan dalilai:

• PDKn.p. - jimlar darajar canja contaminant a cikin yanayi na kauye. Dabam, da talakawan kullum saki rates, kuma matsakaicin guda gurbatawa.
• PDKm.r. - yawan contaminant a cikin yanayi a birane, matsakaicin magana cewa yana aiki ga guda inhalation. Coefficient da aka lasafta haka da cewa abu ba sa a dauki ga sinadaran samuwar kasashe da taƙaitaccen daukan hotuna (kamar minti 20).
• PDKs.s. - adjusts da adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin wani taro wanda ba shi da wani tasiri a kan m adam kiwon lafiya, samar da Agogon inhalation.

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa irin wannan a birane da kuma MPC aiki sarari. MPCwa lasafta daga wadannan farko data:

• a wani najasa yanayi ne manya da lafiya mai kyau.
• zauna iyaka ga bayanin aiki, kuma yawanci ba fiye da 8 hours.

Cutarwa abubuwa a cikin yanayi na kauye da wani tasiri a kan kowane mazauni: babba ko yaro, ko gajiyayye, a lokacin da shi ne a kusa da nan kowane lokaci da kuma ci gaba cikin rayuwa. Saboda haka, ga guda pollutants za a iya ƙaddara da yawa daban-daban daga juna dabi'u na iyakar halatta yawa. Yawanci MPC coefficient a cikin aiki yankin ne yafi hakan PDKn.p.

Kayyade iyaka dabi'u a cikin ruwa da kuma ƙasa

Mene ne iyakar halatta taro na kududdufai? Yana da wani kafa misali taro na pollutant da 1 lita na ruwa. Coefficient dabi'u aka ƙaddara dabam ga kowane irin tafki. Rarrabe ruwa kifi da tattalin arziki, sha da kuma m dalilai.

Tabbatar da dalilin da MPC na pollutants a cikin ƙasa - mafi wuya aiki. Lasafta bisa ga ƙasa kaddarorin da kuma sinadaran halitta daga abubuwa masu cutarwa. Manuniya ne ko da yaushe daban-daban, da kuma tebur dabi'u ga kowane pollutant mahadi ba riƙi fita.

Rarraba iyakar halatta yawa na daukan hotuna da yanayi

Mene ne iyakar halatta taro na sinadaran mahadi, idan kowane wakili zai iya aiki da ya sha bambam?

Domin tsanaki rarrabuwa na cutarwa sunadarai emit da dama kungiyoyin da halayyar siffofin tasiri a kan kwayoyin halittar, musamman a mutum:

• janar mai guba.
• m.
• sensitizers.
• Carcinogens.
• mutagens.
• shafi haihuwa.

Kowace kungiya da halin musamman ãyõyin guba, da lokaci da ayyuka da kuma samu MPCs.

Abin gurɓatawa da wani janar mai guba sakamako

Common gubobi sa mai tsanani da guba dukan kwayoyin. A mafi bayyane take hakki m da mutum juyayi tsarin: akwai convulsions, sani cuta, inna. A rukuni na abubuwa na janar gubobi hada aromatic hydrocarbons da su nitro da amido Kalam, Organic phosphorus mahadi, chlorine, kazalika da wasu inorganic mahadi.

Mafi na kowa daga gare su:

• Arsenic da mahadi.
• benzene, toluene, aniline, xylene.
• dichloroethane.
• Hg.
• pb.
• carbon oxide (IV).

Kamuwa da yawa daga cikin abubuwa na faruwa ba kawai a cikin masana'antu amma kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum.

MPC a cikin iska janar mai guba abubuwa

La'akari da talakawan kullum yi da kuma guda MAC a cikin iska da kuma birane aiki yanki. Domin saukaka da tsabta, bayanai da aka gabatar a tabular form.

A talakawan taro na cutarwa abubuwa shafi hulda da jikin mutum domin shekaru da dama ba tare da ci gaban da wani sakamako.

Action irritating sunadarai

Chemical mahadi shafi fata, mucous membranes da numfashi fili. A mafi yawan lokuta, rawar da irritating abubuwa aiki halogens da oxides na nitrogen da sulfur.

Tsawo inhalation na vapors m sakamakon a tsanani numfashi cuta, abin mãye da mutuwa.

Sensitizers da MPC yanayi

Abubuwa sensitizing sakamako sa wani rashin lafiyan dauki a cikin mutane. By kowa mahadi wannan kungiya sun hada da aldehydes da hexachloran.

Sensitizers saki a cikin yanayi a lokacin konewa da kuma masana'antu da ayyukan. A kananan adadin formaldehyde aka saki da kuma a gida: an samu da yawa a cikin ginin da kuma karewa kayan, furniture.

Carcinogens da mutagens

A mafi hatsari kungiyar da sunadarai contaminants, wanda tasiri a kan jikin mutum na dogon lokaci underestimated. Carcinogens da Mutagens - m abubuwa tare da wani dogon latent lokaci na mataki. By Carcinogens hada asbestos, beryllium, benzpyrene, aromatic amines. Su tsokane da samuwar daban-daban m siffofin maruran.

Mutagens tsokane canje-canje a cikin mutum genotype, wanda ake daukar kwayar cutar zuwa zuriya. Wadannan sun hada da rediyoaktif abubuwa, manganese, gubar, Organic peroxides da formaldehyde.

Mutane da yawa mutagenic abubuwa bugu da žari shafi haihuwa da kiwon lafiya, da kuma hada benzene da wani Kalam daga gare ta, gubar, antimony, manganese, da magungunan kashe qwari, chloroprene da sauransu.