Mene ne halaye na yammacin Turai birni? A tsarin da hankula Yammacin Turai birane

Mene ne halaye na yammacin Turai birni? Labarin kasa a XXI karni ne kusan duk "Open", don haka shi ne mafi mayar da hankali a kan matsaloli na zamani al'umma. Geourbanistika (Science City) - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci yankunan ta yau. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu mayar da hankali a kan abin da yake daban-daban daga kasashen yammacin Turai birnin Rasha, Asian ko Australia.

City - wannan shi ne ... The main iri birane a geourbanistike

City - wannan shi ne babban kauye, wanda mazaunan suna yawanci aiki a noma ba masana'antu kansu. Hakika, amfani da epithet "manyan" a cikin wannan definition ne quite sabani. Alal misali, a Denmark ko Estonia akwai garuruwa da wani yawan 600-800 mutane. Amma a Japan gari na da hakkin da za a kira birnin, birnin kawai idan ta gida ce babu kasa da 50 da mutane dubu.

A birni har yanzu bambanta da juna? Wasu urbanists kawo su duka zuwa uku na asali model: Roma, Athens da kuma Urushalima. Amma duk da haka a geourbanistike yanke shawarar ware dama iri biranen (dangane da layout da kuma halin ci gaban). Su ne:

• Yammacin Turai style.
• m (Asian).
• Afirka.
• North American.
• Latin American.
• Australian.

Abin da ake da halaye na Yammacin Turai birnin zama? Wannan za a tattauna kara.

A tsarin da kasashen yammacin Turai birnin

Madrid da kuma Brussels, Roma, kuma Lisbon - dukan waɗannan birane kasance a cikin Yammacin Turai irin da kuma samun irin wannan layout da kuma halin ci gaba. Kafin ka amsa, abin da suke da halaye na yammacin Turai birane kamata farko bincika hankula fasali na da tsarin.

Saboda haka, da classic birnin a cikin yankin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya hada da tsohon (tarihi) da kuma wani ɓangare na sabon, wanda yake a cikin zamani gini mamaye. Cibiyar "tsohon garin" mafi yawa ana nuna wani babban yanki (kasuwa) da ma'aikatar magajin gari da kuma coci. Daga da shi a cikin daban-daban kwatance diverge wajen kunkuntar tituna. Wannan tsohon garin janyo hankalin manyan yawan yawon bude ido, saboda a nan ne kusan duk tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments.

Around tsohon garin ne da ake kira Śródmieście - wani yanki da aka gina da yawa daga baya - a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni. Bugu da ari tafi, a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, aka located sabuwar Belt (sabon ɓangare na birnin), kunsha na "barci" yankunan.

Saboda haka, abin da suke da halaye na yammacin Turai birni? Bari mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya a cikin gaba sashe.

A halayyar fasali na Yammacin Turai birnin

Hankula birni a yammacin Turai su ne kadan a cikin size, sosai "rufe" ba, amma shi ne sosai bambancin a gine-gine da sharuddan. Abin da ake halayyar fasali na yammacin Turai birane za a iya bambanta? Bari mu yi kokarin lissafa su:

• bambancin a style kuma shekaru gine: skyscrapers iya rayuwa tare da tsohon mansions, a Baroque gini - tare da gidaje a cikin style of hi-tech, da dai sauransu...
• babban adadin waje yawon bude ido da kuma barancen.
• wajibi gaban birnin gashi na makamai.
• cikakken vehicular zirga-zirga, m matsaloli tare da wuraren da cunkoso.
• gaban daya ko fiye da filayen jiragen sama (ko da birni ne kananan).
• kunkuntar tituna da kuma rashin kore sarari.
• da manya-manyan gine-gine da yawan Monuments - majami'u, majami'u, jama'a gine-gine da kuma sculptures.

Rasha da kuma West: a kwatanta birane

Rasha birni, bisa ga tarihi Vladimir Makhnach, wani sabon abu da aka sani kawai, farko da za a yi karatu tsanani. Ta yaya ne daban-daban daga kasashen yammacin Turai-type birane?

A yammacin Turai, inshora manufofin asali shagaltar da wani karamin yanki kamar yadda zai yiwu. Saboda haka shi ya fi sauƙi ga kare da makiya, da bayan gida tsarin na moats da dutse kufaifan.

Amma da Rasha birni - a free da faɗi. A tituna a yammacin matsugunai kunkuntar, da gidaje a cikin tsohon gundumar - dutse, ko rabin-timbered, a hankali a haɗe zuwa juna. A kasar, da gidan da aka yaushe kewaye da manyan yankuna na ƙasar.

A Rasha birane, ko a manyan, mutane da yawa kiyaye shanu. Saboda haka, tituna suna tsara don haka da cewa halittu masu rai da aka sauki matsar kusa. Kuma kokarin kwatanta da irin wannan hoton na, ka ce, London ko Vienna. Rasha birane sun kasance kullum yawa kusa da karkara, sabili da haka yawa koshin lafiya fiye da Western "abokan aiki".

ƙarshe

Yanzu da ka san abin da su ne halayyar fasali na yammacin Turai birane. Ya kunshi sassa uku: tsohon garin da kuma sabon bangare na Śródmieście. Yammacin Turai birane, kamar yadda mai mulkin, bambanta da babban gine-gine da bambancin, m-zirga-zirga, kunkuntar tituna da kuma kasa greenery.