Mawaki Rimsky-Korsakov: jerin ayyuka. Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich: operas, symphonic ayyukansu, romances

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - mai girma Rasha mawaki, wani sojan ruwa jami'in, wani malami, wani aiki memba na "Mabuwãyi dintsi", wanda shi ne mastermind bayan V. V. Stasov. Principles cewa ya kamata composers, suka riƙi wani samfurin na Rasha almara, Rimsky-Korsakov daga baya canjawa wuri a cikin koyarwa azuzuwan a St. Petersburg kide.

An bayyani na kerawa

Nikolai Andreyevich rubuta, ya yi imani da kansa mai yawa. Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, shi ne goma sha biyar operas, uku kade-kade da sauran symphonic form (babban dakuna, cantatas, kide, Capriccio, overtures), vocal qagaggun. Wannan, a takaice, da jerin ayyukansa. Rimsky-Korsakov a cikin shekaru baya ransa tare da bakin ciki ya ce shi zai zama kunya, idan aka manta. Amma ba, ayyukansa suna ƙaunar da nema masu sauraro.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Nikolai Andreyevich aka haife shi a wata daraja iyali a lardin garin Tikhvin. Da mazan wa (shekaru bambancin da aka babbar - 22 years) da aka a sojan ruwa jami'in, da kuma kadan Kolya mafarkin game da teku tafiya, muddin shida shekaru sami ilimi a gida. Ya taka leda a little piano kuma ko da hada, amma ya nã kiran teku. Uba kiyaye mafarki da kuma a cikin shekaru 12 da ya ba da Ɗan cikin sojan ruwan yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps a St. Petersburg. Ga ya gana da Italiyanci da kuma Jamus wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, kuma ya zama tunku? Ãwa janyo hankalin music. A shekaru 15, ya sami tsanani karatu piano. Malaminsa gabatar da wani hazaka saurayi da mambobi na "Mabuwãyi dintsi" MUG a 1859.

A farko ayyukansu

A daidai wannan lokaci, a karkashin shugabanci na Balakirev, Nikolay Aleksandrovich fara aiki a farko Symphony, wanda ya buɗe jerin ayyukansa. Rimsky-Korsakov fara ta rubuta tsanani a 1861-1862 shekaru. Ya rubuta kashi na farko, Scherzo da kuma na karshe. Ya kururuta mummunar, saboda a music darussa riga ya. Rimsky-Korsakov sauke karatu daga Marine Corps da kuma ya tafi zuwa teku. Ya aka har yanzu kokarin rubuta andante, amma jinkirta da aiki, a kai a kai da yin hidima a kan clipper "Almaz" na shekaru uku. A tsawon shekaru da ya gani rabin duniya, da kuma marine kwarewa za daga baya bayyana a cikin orchestral ayyukansu. Lokacin da Nikolay Aleksandrovich zo da baya a 1865, shi ya kammala aikin a kan taron makada, zalla Rasha a ruhu, cike da jigogi na jama'a songs. andante ne musamman sananne tare da song "Tatar ne full." Its farko version da aka yi karkashin iko da Miliya Aleksandrovicha Balakireva. A 1884 ya koma aiki a kan ta Rimsky-Korsakov. Symphony 1 An sake kururuta. A wannan modified form shi yi a zamaninmu.

New Paint mawaki

National launi a music, wanda aka Saboda ƙaunar da duk mambobi ne na "Mabuwãyi dintsi", nuna a cikin halitta a 1866 "Overture a Three Rasha Jigogi" a 1867 - a cikin "Serbian fantasy" da kuma a cikin m hoto "Sadko". Wannan hoto - mataki a cikin rayuwar matasa mawaki. Ga ya sami abin da zai daga baya za a kira "kewayon Rimsky-Korsakov ta", wanda daidai nuna orchestral launuka na cikin teku, da kashi na dama karkashin ruwa duniya. Taken "Sadko" daga baya zai zama ba a cikin wasan opera.

Janye zuwa hikaya

Tale ci gaba a cikin symphonic suite "Antar", a cikin abin da haduwar launin waƙa da kari na triplets aka yi amfani. Wannan halitta na da hakkin mawallafi gabashin sauti. Mawaki sau biyu koma aiki a kan m hikaya, ba tukuna cimma da ake so sakamakon.

aure

A shekara ashirin da huɗu 1871-1872 Nikolay Aleksandrovich na aiki a kan ta farko da wasan opera "The Maid na Pskov", wanda kunshi uku ayyukan da shida zane-zane. A wannan aikin, yana taimaka mai yawa yarinya Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold, wani gogaggen pianist da kuma haifar da mawaki. Ya zo da makawa. Sun mutane son juna. Wannan ji zai kawo su ta hanyar rayuwar, karfafa da 1872 bikin aure. 1873 aka alama ta staging na wasan kwaikwayo "The Maid na Pskov" a Mariinsky wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin shugabanci na E. Nápravník da haihuwar dansa Michael.

The canji na farko opera

Amma ba da karshe version na tarihi wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. "The Maid na Pskov" yana da uku scores. Aiki a kan ta dade na game da shekara ashirin da biyar. Da farko, duk mambobi ne na "Mabuwãyi dintsi" da wani tasiri kan matasa marubucin, musamman Mussorgsky, wanda ya rubuta "Godunov" a wannan lokaci. Jigogi kuma motifs kwace iyali abubuwa, kowane mawaki an nuna a cikin wani nau'i na gwagwarmaya tsakanin nagarta da mugunta, duka biyu ko kuma ga jama'a. The labari a cikin wasan opera kange almara. Marubucin da gangan watsi da yawa na arias da kuma was, mafi kusanta zuwa recitative. Opera, ya sha nanata shirya kai a Rasha da kuma Italiya, da kuma Spain, da kuma Belgium. A Paris, shi ne wata babbar nasara a kan Rasha Diaghilev yanayi.

Duk da seventies kishin aiki ilimi da ayyukan da kai-da ilimi.

flowering na kerawa

Creative mawaki Yunƙurin take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa sabunta jerin ta ayyukansu. Rimsky-Korsakov halitta wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "May Night" a 1880, wanda aka aiwatar a Mariinsky Theater karkashin iko da E. Nápravník. Wannan aikin da aka rubuta a shawarar da ya sa'an nan-amarya. Ta kuma ya sadaukar da aikin Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera "May Night" presents saurarõnsu lyrical, comic da kuma iyali da kuma dama al'amuran. Ya dogara ne a kan mutãne song kerawa.

A cikin bazara na 1880, tattaunawar da AN Ostrovsky kuma samu izinin yin a libretto na opera "Snow Maiden" canje-canje, Rimsky-Korsakov fara aiki. Abu ne mai sauki. A dukan yanayi na Estate Stelovo yin wahayi zuwa gare shi. Ko da murya da jũna a amsa kuwa shaidan, ko kuma sauran gandun daji dodanni. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa Rimsky-Korsakov predominance a wani yanki na music sauti, tsawo kusa da wani fanni na kida ko feat. Kuma shi ya faru poetic mu'ujiza, to wanda da farko farincikin dauki kansa Ostrovsky. Rimsky-Korsakov ta "Snow Maiden" an imbued tare da kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe, sauki da kuma tsarki na jama'a songs, waka inda attajirai ke spring. Orchestral gabatarwar zuwa prologue bayyana spring tada yanayi. Easy kuma m daya daga cikin na farko aria na Snow Maiden ( "... kuma berries je"), da lyrically ta shigar azzakari cikin farji Arietta "Na ji, sun ji." Scene "Farewell ga Carnival" ya hada da jama'a mai tsarkakewa choral aukuwa. A farko yi fara jinkirin da danko sosai song Lola, sa'an nan m dance-da kuma ci gaba da m, bakin ciki Arietta Yankan "Yana zafi a nan," m, impetuous labarin Kupava "Maiden, ina farin ciki." A karo na biyu yi aka mamaye babban almara tasbihinsa Berendey "Gaisuwa zuwa gare ku, mai hikima." Natse zuba dreamy, poetic cavatina Berendey. Aiki na uku ya buɗe wani m dance na "Ai, a cikin filin liponka". Symphony episode na "The Dance na buffoons" cike da haske orchestral launuka, m rhythms. Broad Privolnaya launin waƙa na uku song Lola "aradu girgije yi na mãkirci." A karo na hudu yi na daukana up wani lyrical ji na Snow Maiden. A narkewa mataki Heroine ta image m, kuma m. Rimsky-Korsakov ta "Snow Maiden" ya kammala da m annuri ƙungiyar mawaƙa.

Virtuoso goge guda

A 1887, kwatsam mutu AP Borodin. Ya "Prince Igor" da aka ba su kammala. Glazunov da Rimsky-Korsakov dauki sama da babban aiki a kan bincike na rubuce-rubucen da kuma kammala aikin a kan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. A lokacin rani da suke aiki a kasar, amma Nikolai Andreyevich aikin da aka katse. Ya na da wani ra'ayin cewa bai bar shi don a rubuta wani virtuoso goge fantasy on Spanish theme. Capriccio Espagnol mawaki - wannan suite, wanda ya kunshi 5 sassa. Su ne, ba tare da hutu, da kuma fenti mai hoto na rayuwa da kuma yanayi a Spain, ta holidays da kuma jama'a haruffa. Capriccio - wani yanki na ƙungiyar makaɗa da wani canji na sautin da hankali selection na melodic alamu. A kashi na farko - "Alborada" - dangane da Asturian karin waƙa kuma maraba da tashin safe rana. Bayan wani ɗan hutu, je "Bambance-bambance" na kashi na biyu. Suna tushen a yamma dance, wanda ya kammala da rana a asturias. Melody yana da wani pastoral hali, amma sai ya fara sauti powerfully, passionately, kuma sannu a hankali bice. The uku na saurarõnsu ya kõmo zuwa na farko theme - "Alborada". Amma da sauti ne yanzu more m da kuma iko. Da rubu'in - wani m Andalusian song-dance. Its bude ƙaho, da ganguna, sa'an nan kunna solo goge, da sarewa, da clarinet da garaya. All kammala mai halin kuskunda Gypsy dancing. A karshe kashi na biyar - "fandago na asturias" - yi da dukan ƙungiyar makaɗa, amma shi nan da nan ya ji trombones. Wannan shi ne mai girma da kuma m, rinjayar da ikon da martaba na dance. Marubucin ya koma ga batun na sulusin, da code mayar da farkon - shi sauti sosai azumi, m Alborada.

mai bayar da labarun baka

An fara daga 1895 da mawaki ta tunani kullum juya ga ba dama, kuma ban mamaki jigogi. Su aiwatar da su, ya fara da wani m labari na litattafan Gogol Vakula da capricious kyakkyawa Oksana. Saboda haka akwai "The Night Kafin Kirsimeti." Opera aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin wata dama labari, a cikin abin da Nikolai Andreyevich hada yawa sake yin fa'ida Kirsimeti carols. Su ƙarfafa da abubuwa da cewa kai na gaskiya rai na Little Rasha kauyen. Overture da farko yi nan da nan immerses da mai sauraro a cikin Ukrainian m dare. Mood, wanda permeates hudu ayyukan, dabam dangane da hali. Bright da amiable shaidan Solokha picturesque saurayi Solokha - Chub, shugaban da Sexton. Karaya sihiri Patsyuk. A karo na hudu yi na rayuwar yau da kullum al'amuran da comic sautin, cike da koyaswa lyrical. Kuma a karshe ƙungiyar mawaƙa na iko sauti "A Memory of litattafan Gogol."

Novgorod almara

Lokacin da ya gama, Nikolai Andreyevich nan da nan a cikin wannan 1895 da aka dauka a matsayin na gaba aiki. Yanzu ya cika musu baftisma a duniya na Nordic epics. Fantastic iyali abubuwa almara na Rasha mutane da aka nuna a cikin wadannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. The shugaban ya riga ya ɓullo da wani sabon sikelin, wanda zai ba ta wani shahararre kuma m sauti. Inspiration fara rubuta wasan kwaikwayo "Sadko". Rimsky-Korsakov ƙi shi da rabo a cikin ayyukan da interludes, kai ta bakwai zane-zane. A mawaki kokarin haifar da wani almara daga m kwarara daga mataki, wanda ya tuna da ruhu na jama'a almara tãtsũniyõyin. Ya fara da majestic shigarwa na ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ya ba da wani hoto na teku-Sea. A hoto na farko - a babban choral al'amuran da cewa kawo karshen tare da Clowns rawa. A leasbi na biyu faruwa a kan gaba na Lake Ilmen, inda gafarta Sadko da Princess Volkhov. Su soyayya Duet zo a tsakiyan amo mara sa a zagaye dance songs abõkan karkashin ruwa mulkin. The uku hoto ya nuna da wahala watsi Lyubava. Ta recitative da aria cika da zurfin ciki. A kasbi na faruwa a ginshiƙin gada m mataki. Choir shirya bayyanar Sadko da Viking Guest tare da manly song, India da kuma Vedenetskogo baƙi. Kuma a karshe, Sadko waka mai m da kuma lingering Rasha song cewa duk tsince. A karo na hudu hoto ƙare da janar murna. A karo na biyar da na shida zane-zane da labarun m nufin teku-teku.
Sadko raira waƙa haske waƙoƙin yabo "Blue Sea menacingly yadu." Ya daukan kan garaya, kuma su je duk a cikin wani exuberant dance. Saboda wannan, a hadari ya tashi a kan teku, da kuma fara nutse jiragen ruwa. Starchische-gwarzo darkãke molo a Sadko, kuma ya gimbiya, kuma Volkhov aika zuwa Novgorod. A karshe hoto ne m bankwana Volkhova abin da ya kamata juya a cikin kogi, tare da kungiyar SADC, da kuma haɗuwa da matarsa Lyubava. Sauti na m Duet. A iko ƙungiyar mawaƙa ƙarasa da wasan kwaikwayo. All raira waƙa ga ɗaukakar Sadko, da River Volkhov da blue teku-teku. "Sadko" da aka hada a jerin mafi executable ayyukansu. Rimsky-Korsakov, Glinka tun mafi cikakken bayyana, a ta Rasha jama'a style. Kuma abin da mafi bambanta da wannan wasan kwaikwayo na dukan jerin, rubuta Nikolaem Andreevichem - don haka yana da wani almara recitative.

vocal ayyukansu

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov domin m rai, ya sha nanata halitta choral ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma songs. Su rubuta game da tamanin. Amma yanzu mu juya mu da hankali ga samfurin jam'iyya - gabashin romance ( "bautar da Rose da Nightingale"), ya kafa a kan kalmomin da na A. Koltsov. A nasa ne mawaki na farko da kwarewa a wannan fagen. Wannan languid elegiac aiki. A karin waƙa daga sabo ne da kuma free form. Yana kamar dai akwai wani kashi na improvisation. Piano kashi sanin da yanayi, na bukatar a vocal expressiveness a cikin rubutu na da furcin. A baya ayyukansu ya zama tushen ga vocal, wanda ya zama whimsically piano masu raka.

ƙarshe

Rimsky-Korsakov bar wata babbar wasiyya. Amma hali ne mafi cikakken saukar a operas. Sun nuna mabiyin soyayya ga kasa dabiu na Rasha hali, da tarihi da kuma rayuwar jama'a, ya poetic ra'ayoyi da kuma al'adu. Ga na ƙarshe lokacin da kerawa yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo labari "Legend of fake City na Kitezh", wanda ya gaya game da abubuwan da suka faru na Tartar mamayewa, da kuma satire-tale "The Golden Cockerel", wanda ya amsa zuwa ga neman sauyi events na 1905.

A mawaki ya rasu a 1908 da kuma aka binne shi a St. Petersburg.